Isiphelo se-Iraq silele kwibhalansi. I-US Republican Hawks ifuna ukusungula uhlaselo olukhulu ngakumbi kubantu base-Iraq. Ayinakwenzeka ukuba abezopolitiko babona inkcaso yoluntu eyaneleyo โ iintatheli zidlala indima ephambili ekuphembeleleni uluvo loluntu.
Kwinqaku le-Observer, uJohn Sweeney uchaza โimigudu kaSaddam yokuchazaโฆ abantwana njengamaxhoba ezohlwayo zaseNtshona, athi zilahlekise ubomi bolutsha olungamakhulu amawaka.โ ('Indlela uSaddam' 'wawenza' ngayo imingcwabo yabantwana bomgunyathi', i-Observer, ngoJuni 23, 2002)
Abafundi beLens yeMedia baya kuluqonda olu tyekelo lwakudala lokuchaza gwenxa iingxoxo ezivela kwizilumkiso zeMedia zangaphambili. UNick Cohen, naye we-Observer, wabhala:
"Ndijonge ukubona indlela uNoam Chomsky kunye noJohn Pilger abakwazi ngayo ukuchasa imfazwe enokuthi iphelise izohlwayo abathi babulale amakhulu amawaka abantwana ebebenokonwaba, besempilweni entolongweni (musa ukuxhalaba, baya kufika apho). ('UBlair ngumntwana waseBush', uMjongi, ngoMatshi 10, 2002)
La, njengoko sibonisile, yayingengawo โmabangoโ kaChomsky noPilger konke konke.
I-BBC uBen Brown uthe:
"Uthi [uSaddam] uthi izohlwayo ze-UN zinciphise uninzi lwabemi bakhe ukuba babhubhe yindlala - imifanekiso efana nale [yosana olungondlekanga kunye nomama ophelelwe lithemba] ibe sisixhobo esinamandla sokusasaza kukaSaddam, ekuya kufuneka ayincame." (uBen Brown, Iindaba zeBBC, ngoJuni 20, 1996)
UJohn Draper we-ITN uthe:
"Umbono ngoku ujolise kwizohlwayo 'ezilumkileyo' zokunceda abantu abaqhelekileyo ngelixa kwangaxeshanye bethintela inkokeli yaseIraq ukuba ibeke ityala iNtshona ngobunzima ababuvayo." (John Draper, ITN, 10:30 Iindaba, ngoFebruwari 20, 2001)
Enye indlela yokuchitha ubungqina obubi boxanduva lwaseNtshona lokufa kwabantu abaninzi kukulandelela imvelaphi yobo bungqina kumthombo ongakholelekiyo, njengoSaddam Hussein.
USweeney usebenzisa eli qhinga linye ngokuphindaphindiweyo, umzekelo kwisihlokwana sakhe:
โUzwilakhe wase-Iraq uthi abantwana belizwe lakhe bafa ngamawaka abo ngenxa yothintelo lwamazwe aseNtshona. UJohn Sweeney, kumboniso weTV oza kuboniswa ngokuhlwanje, uthi la manani abubuxokiโ.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwinqaku, uSweeney uphinda ibango, ngelixa ekwazi ukuthelekelela inyani:
"Yeyona nto ipheleleyo kurhulumente wase-Iraq - kunye nabanye - ukuba amawakawaka abantwana baseIraq bayasweleka nyanga zonke ngenxa yezohlwayo".
Ibinzana elingaqondakaliyo elithi "nabanye" enyanisweni libhekisa kubantu kunye nemibutho esisizathu sokuba uSweeney kunye nezinye iintatheli eziphambili ziwusombulule lo mbandela kwaphela - kucacile ukuba akukho mntu unokuziva efuna ukuphikisa amabango enziwe nguzwilakhe wase-Iraq. . Ukususela ekubeni waba lutshaba olusemthethweni lwaseNtshona, akukho ziko losasazo laseNtshona elakha labika amabango kaSaddam ngayo nantoni na ngaphandle kokugculelwa, kwaye akukho mntu unengqondo onokuphupha ngokuthatha amabango abalulekileyo awenziwe nguye kule miba.
USweeney uyakwazi ukucaphula nje omnye wemithombo engekhoyo yeengxoxo ezithembekileyo kunye nobungqina xa ebhekisa kwi-Unicef:
โNgowe-1999 i-Unicef, ngokusebenzisana norhulumente wase-Iraq, yenza uqikelelo lwasemva lokufa kwabantwana abagqithisileyo abangama-500,000 ngeminyaka yee-1990. Uqikelelo luvulekele umbuzo. Yayisekelwe kwidatha evela kurhulumente ongcungcuthekisa abantwana ngokungohlwaywa. Bonke ngaphandle komnye wabaphandi abasetyenziswa yi-Unicef โโbabengabasebenzi beSebe lezeMpilo, ngokutsho kweLancet. "
UHans von Sponeck, owayeqhuba i-oyile ye-UN yenkqubo yokutya e-Iraq, unale nto ayithethayo ngesiqwenga sikaSweeney:
โInqaku likaSweeney luhlobo kanye lobuntatheli obuyi-Orwellian, ukuthetha kabini. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, uRhulumente wase-Iraq uye wakhohlisa idatha ukuze ihambelane neenjongo zayo, wonke umntu ophambili ngelishwa uyakwenza oku. Intatheli ayifanelanga. I-UNICEF isebenzise amanani amakhulu abaphandi bamazwe ngamazwe kwaye yasebenzisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokufumana la manani abalulekileyo. Ewe, abasebenzi beSebe lezeMpilo bebesebenzisana ne-UNICEF kodwa ekugqibeleni yaba yi-UNICEF kunye ne-UNICEF kuphela eyenze uhlalutyo lwedatha kanye kuba bengafuni ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ube politikeโฆ Eli nqaku ligama elibi kakhulu. (I-imeyile kubahleli beLens yeMedia, nge-24 kaJuni ngo-2002)
Ukubuyela kuluvo olukhohlisayo lokuba iSaddam isembindini wezityholo zokufa kwabantu abaninzi e-Iraq, uSweeney uyaqhubeka nokutolika okumangalisayo koko kuthethwayo, enyanisweni, yi-UN kunye nemibutho yamalungelo oluntu:
โIintsana eziswelekileyo zityholwa ngurhulumente kaSaddam ngenxa yomhlaza kunye neziphene ekuzalweni kwazo okwaqala ukuvela ngo-1991 kwaye, ithi, zabangelwa kukuphela kweuranium.โ
Okumangalisayo kukuba, u-Sweeney-ebuyele ekutyesheleni izibonelelo ezinzulu kunye nokugxila kwi-Saddam-ulapha ubanga ukuba ukusweleka kwabantwana okungaphezulu kwama-500,000 kubalelwa "kumhlaza kunye neziphene zokuzalwa". Nabani na owaziyo nantoni na malunga nentlekele yase-Iraq uyazi ukuba oku bubuxoki ngokupheleleyo.
Ingxoxo, eneneni, kukuba izohlwayo zithintele ukuhamba simahla kokutya kunye namayeza, kwaye zithintele ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwezixa ezikhulu zeziseko ezingundoqo zase-Iraq ezitshatyalaliswe yibhombu yase-US ngexesha leMfazwe yeGulf-amanzi, ugutyulo, ukuveliswa kwamandla. , ezothutho, ukhathalelo lwempilo, ezolimo kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni izifo, ukugcinwa kobomi, kunye nokusebenza okusisiseko koluntu.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, kwiprogram yakhe ye-BBC2 Correspondent kwangolo suku lunye, 'Umama wazo zonke i-Ironies', uSweeney waphikisana nenqaku lakhe le-Observer, esondela kwinyani ngokubuza ukuba ukunqongophala kwemithombo (kungekhona umhlaza) kunokuba noxanduva lokufa kwabantu abaninzi okuqhubekayo. USweeney uthe nge-oyile ye-UN yenkqubo yokutya:
โImali yendoda enamandla [kaSaddam] ayidityaniswa. Iibhiliyoni ezisuka kwi-oyile ziya kuqoqosho, kodwa amanani okusweleka kwabantwana akakatshintshiโฆ Ke kwenzeka njani ukuba abantwana abangama-7,000 basweleke nyanga nganye phakathi kwalo lonke olu bisi nobusi?โ (uSweeney, 'uMama wazo zonke ii-Ironies', iNtatheli yeendaba, BBC2, Juni 23, 2002)
Kwakhona, ezi, ngokulula, โziimali zamadoda awomeleleyoโ, hayi ezo zemibutho yaseNtshona ethembekileyo yamalungelo oluntu. USweeney wafuna iimpendulo kumbuzo wakhe kumntu obizwa ngokuba nguBarham Salah, ochazwa njengeNkulumbuso, iPatriotic Union yaseKurdistan, owathi:
โInkqubo ye-oyile yokutya yinkqubo elungileyo, kufuneka iqhubeke. Yeyona nto ilungileyo eyenzekileyo eIraq ukusukela oko kwasekwa ilizwe laseIraq. Ngendlela, kungekuphela nje iindawo zaseKurdish kodwa nakwi-Iraq yonke, kuba asizange sibe nayo yonke into enhle - onke ama-Iraqi, kungekhona nje amaKurds. "
USweeney naye wafuna iimpendulo kumntu obizwa ngokuba ngu-'Ali', ecaphula umqhubi weteksi yomngcwabo!
Kutheni, ekufuneni kwakhe iimpendulo, uSweeney akazange adibane noDenis Halliday, owaqhuba i-oyile ye-UN yenkqubo yokutya, okanye owangena ezihlangwini zakhe, uHans von Sponeck, abathe bobabini barhoxa kwi-UN echaza umgaqo-nkqubo waseNtshona "njengembubhiso"? UHalliday wachaza iingxaki ngeoli yokutya kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo:
โKwi-20 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ezibonelelwe ngenkqubo 'ye-oyile yokutya', malunga nesinye kwisithathu, okanye i-7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, iye yachithwa 'kwiindleko' ze-UN, imbuyekezo eKuwait kunye namabango embuyekezo eyohlukeneyo. Oko kushiya i-13 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ezikhoyo kurhulumente wase-Iraq. Ukuba ulahlula-hlula elo nani ngabemi base-Iraq, abazizigidi ezingama-22, lishiya malunga ne-190 yeedola ngentloko yabemi ngonyaka kwisithuba seminyaka emi-3 - oko akwanelanga ngendlela elusizi. (Udliwano-ndlebe noDavid Edwards, Matshi 2000, www.medialens.org)
Ingcaciso eyongezelelekileyo inikwa yeminye imithombo engahoywanga nguSweeney. U-Eric Hoskins - ugqirha waseKhanada kunye nomququzeleli weqela lokufunda laseHarvard e-Iraq - ubike ukuba ibhomu yeMfazwe yaseGulf "yaye yaphelisa yonke into ebalulekileyo ekusindeni kwabantu e-Iraq - umbane, amanzi, iinkqubo zogutyulo, ezolimo, ishishini kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo". (Kucatshulwe, uMark Curtis, 'Ukungacaci kwamandla - uMgaqo-nkqubo waseBritane waNgaphandle ukusukela ngo-1945', iZed Books, 1995, iphe.189-190)
Ukuthintelwa kwemithombo yobutyebi ngenxa yezohlwayo kwenze ukuba ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwesi siseko kungenzeki. NgoMatshi 1999 ingcali 'yePhaneli yoLuntu' eyabizelwa liBhunga lezoKhuseleko yafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba inkqubo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo 'ye-oyile-ngokutya' ayinakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu baseIraq, โkungakhathaliseki ukuba luluphi na uphuculo olunokwenziwa ekuphunyezweni kweโ. inkqubo yoncedo. (Kucatshulwe, i-website ye-Voices in the Wilderness, Matshi 2002: www.viwuk.freeserve.co.uk)
Iqela lolawulo liqhubekile:
"Ngaphandle kophuculo olunokuthi lwenziwe - ngokwemigaqo yokuvunywa, ukusebenza ngcono nguRhulumente wase-Iraqi, okanye amanqanaba enkxaso-mali - ubukhulu beemfuno zoluntu kukuba azinakufikelela kumxholo we-oil-for. -inkqubo yokutya]โฆ Kananjalo inkqubo ibingajoliswanga ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zabantu base-Iraqiโฆ Ngenxa yemeko ekhoyo ngoku yeziseko ezingundoqo, ingeniso efunekayo ekulungisweni kwayo ingaphezulu lee kwinqanaba elikhoyo phantsi kwenkqubo.โ (ibid)
Isigqibo sabo kukuba:
"Imeko yobuntu e-Iraq iya kuqhubeka imbi kakhulu ngokungabikho kohlaziyo oluzinzileyo loqoqosho lwase-Iraq olungenakufezekiswa kuphela ngeenzame zokunceda abantu".
Oku ngokucacileyo kunika ukukhanya kokwenyani kulo mba, ukanti akazange ahoywe nguSweeney. Endaweni yoko, uMnumzana Salah uqhubeke wathi:
โAzange kwimbali yethu sibe no [sic] urhulumente wethu enyanzeliswe ngumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukuba achithe ingeniso yeoli kwimpilo-ntle yabantu base-Iraqi, iimfuno zabantu baseIraq. Ngaphambili ingeniso yeoli yayichithwa kwizixhobo ezitshabalalisayo, ingcinezelo nemfazwe.โ
Akukho mntu ubhadlileyo unokukhanyela ukuba uSaddam Hussein nguzwilakhe obulalayo, kodwa ingxelo kaMnu Salah ngembali yaseIraq bubuxoki nje. NgokweNgxelo yeLizwe yeYunithi yezoQoqosho lwezoQoqosho e-Iraq, phambi kokubekwa kwezohlwayo ilizwe lentlalontle yase-Iraq โyayiphakathi kwezona zibanzi kwaye zinesisa kwilizwe lama-Arabhuโ. (Iraq: Ingxelo yelizwe 1995-96)
Kwingxelo kaDisemba ka-1999 iKomiti yeZizwe ngezizwe yoMnqamlezo oBomvu yaphawula ukuba โKwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, i-Iraq yaziqhayisa ngesona siseko seziseko zanamhlanje kunye nemigangatho ephezulu yokuphila kuMbindi Mpumaโ, โnenkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo yanamhlanje, entsonkothileyoโ kunye "Izixhobo eziphucukileyo zokunyanga amanzi kunye nokumpompa." (ICRC, 'I-Iraq: Ishumi Leminyaka Yezohlwayo', ngoDisemba 1999)
NgokweZiko lamaLungelo ezoQoqosho neNtlalo:
โNgaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini abantu bebefikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo olusisiseko, kubandakanywa ukuxilongwa kwelebhu kunye nogonyo lwezifo zabantwana ezifana nepoliyo kunye ne-diphtheria. Ngexesha le-1970 kunye ne-80s, iinkampani zaseBritane nezaseJapan zakha izibhedlele ezinkulu, zanamhlanje kulo lonke elase-Iraq, ezinobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokuxilongwa, ukusebenza kunye nonyango. Iinkonzo zenqanaba lesibini nelesithathu, kuqukwa ukhathalelo lotyando kunye nenkxaso yophando lwaselabhoratri, bezifumaneka kuninzi lwabemi baseIraq ngeentlawulo eziqhelekileyo. Izikolo zase-Iraq zonyango nezokonga zigxininisa imfundo yabasetyhini kwaye zatsala abafundi abavela kuwo wonke uMbindi Mpuma. Uninzi loogqirha baseIraq baqeqeshwa eYurophu okanye eUnited States, kwaye ikota enye yayiziingcali ezivunywe yibhodi.โ (UN Sanctioned Suffering, May 1996 www.cesr.org)
Kutheni le nto uSweeney engayihoyi yonke le mithombo ithembekileyo kunye neengcali kunye nabasemagunyeni ekufuneni iimpendulo ngezizathu zokuqhubeka nokufa kwabantu abaninzi e-Iraq? Ngaba ukholelwa nzulu ukuba amaqela aphikisayo amaKurd kunye nabantu abazinze eMntla Iraq - abaneenjongo ezicacileyo neziqondakalayo zokufuna ukupeyinta njengomfanekiso ombi wolawulo lwase-Iraq kangangoko kunokwenzeka - bathembeke ngakumbi kunala magunya azimeleyo nanenjongo? Ukuba akunjalo, kwakutheni ukuze afune iimpendulo nje kubo?
ISICWANGCISO ESICETYISWAYO
Injongo yeMedia Lens kukukhuthaza ukuba nengqiqo, uvelwano kunye nentlonipho kwabanye. Xa sibhalela iintatheli iileta, sibongoza kakhulu abafundi ukuba bagcine ithoni ehloniphekileyo, engenabundlongondlongo nengaxhatshaziyo.
Bhalela uJohn Sweeney kwi-BBC:
email: [imeyile ikhuselwe]
Buza uJohn Sweeney ukuba kutheni, ekufuneni iimpendulo kumbuzo wokusweleka kwabantwana abaninzi e-Iraq, wasilela ukwenza udliwano-ndlebe nemithombo eyaziwayo nethembekileyo efana noDenis Halliday, uHans von Sponeck, Unicef, kunye noluhlu lwamaqela amalungelo abantu. Kutheni ungakhangeli aba bantu kunye nemibutho enenjongo ngakumbi nabangathathi cala, endaweni yokuba amaqela aphikisayo abandakanyeke kumzabalazo wezixhobo nolawulo lwase-Iraq? Kwakutheni ukuze aqhubeke ebhekisa ekufeni kwabantu abaninzi e-Iraq njengamabango eSaddam, endaweni yaba bantu bathembekileyo kunye neearhente?
Khuphela iileta zakho kumhleli we-Observer, uRoger Alton.
email: [imeyile ikhuselwe]
Khuphela iileta zakho ku [imeyile ikhuselwe].
Zive ukhululekile ukuphendula kwizilumkiso zeLens yeMedia ([imeyile ikhuselwe]).
Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yeMedia Lens: http://www.MediaLens.org
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela