Ngomhla weshumi elinesihlanu kuAgasti 15 โ Ioyile okwangoku yeyona nto iqhuba uphuhliso kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ayiyiyo nje enye yezalathisi eziphambili zokucwangcisa uqoqosho lwezopolitiko lwelizwe, kodwa ikwayeyona nto iphambili kuyo nakuphi na ukuxilongwa kwempilo yenkqubo yoqoqosho longxowankulu njengoko sisazi.
Ukususela ngo-1908 xa iidipozithi ze-oyile ezibalulekileyo zokuqala zafunyanwa e-Iran, amazwe aphuhlileyo, ngakumbi i-United States, acinga ukuba kubalulekile ukwenza i-States kuloo nxalenye yehlabathi ngaxeshanye inyanisekileyo kuyo kwaye inetyala. Ngoko ngowe-1922, yaxhasa ukudalwa kwe
Iqela lase-Iraqi Ba'ath labhukuqa i-monarchy kubhukuqo-mbuso lomkhosi ngo-1963. I-radicalization yayo emva kokuba uSaddam Hussein elawula kunye nomanyano lwabo ne
Kodwa amazwe amatsha, awazi amandla awo, abangela ingxaki ye-oyile yokuqala ngo-1973. Kungelo xesha apho uthotho lwezifundo lwaqalwa koovimba beoyile abaziwayo, apho kunokubakho iidipozithi ezintsha kunye nokuba lingakanani ixesha lokuba i-fossil fuel inokuphela. Ngenxa yezo zifundo, namhlanje kujongwa ukuba oovimba abaneleyo bakhona ukuqinisekisa imveliso kumanqanaba afana nala ngoku, okanye nangaphezulu, malunga neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Ngoko umntu unokuthi i-oyile ngumthombo weqhinga kwixesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide.
Kwenzeka ukuba isibini kwisithathu koovimba ezaziwayo kwi
Kwelinye icala, oovimba abaqinisekisiweyo kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseMelika - eMntla naseMzantsi - babalelwa kwi-13.6% kuphela yeplanethi iyonke kwaye kwi-13.6% kwikota yesithathu
Umntu owayila eso sicwangciso yindoda ebonakala namhlanje njengentshatsheli yoxolo lwehlabathi, ums
Imfundiso yeCarter kunye nohlaselo lwe
Kwi-synthesis, iCarter Doctrine njengoko yaziwa kubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe, imisela ukuba i-Persian Gulf oil reserve ibalulekile.
Isigqibo somgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle welo nqanaba kwafuneka sixhaswe kukuthunyelwa komkhosi kwaye nathi indlela iRapid Reaction Force ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yi-United States Central Command esebenzela iPentagon kunye neSebe lezoKhuselo lase-UK ukwenza imisebenzi yomkhosi kuMbindi Mpuma ukusuka emoyeni. iziseko e-Bahrain, u-Diego Garcia (eqeshiswe eBritani kulwandlekazi lwaseIndiya), i-Oman kunye ne-Saudi Arabia. Ke, akukho nto intsha ukuba abalawuli abahlukeneyo base-US ukusukela ngoko (uReagan, uBush Sr., uClinton kunye noBush Jr.) benze uMbindi Mpuma ube ngumba ophambili kumgaqo-nkqubo wabo wamazwe angaphandle kwaye ngakumbi
Yazi kakuhle ukuba
Ngenxa yokuvalwa kwe-Iraq, okwamiselwa yiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo emva kokuhlasela kwe-Iraq iKuwait ngowe-1990, i-Iraq yathotywa ishishini layo leoli laya kutsho ngaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ikwazile ukujikeleza ezinye zezo zohlwayo kwaye yaseka izivumelwano kwaye yatyikitya izivumelwano zokuhlola ioli kwixesha elizayo kunye nokukhutshwa kunye nabakhuphisana neenkampani zeoli zase-US, umzekelo iTotal-Fina-Elf yaseFransi, iLukoil yaseRashiya kunye neChina National Oil Corporation. Oko kuthetha ukuba kwakukho "eminye imikhosi" ezama ukulawula elinye lamazwe amaninzi aneoli kwiPersian Gulf. Kwaye iCarter Doctrine yayithetha ukuba yayithathwa njengohlaselo kwizinto ezibalulekileyo zase-United States, ngenxa yoko kwagqitywa ekubeni ihlasele i-Iraq.
Ngeso senzo, ngaphandle kwawo wonke umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, i-US yaqinisekisa ulawulo lwe-oyile yase-Iraq. Inyani encinci eyaziwayo yeyokuba ngexesha loqhushumbo olwaqala ngohlaselo, ekuphela koMphathiswa ongachatshazelwanga kukuqhushumba, yayiliSebe leOyile. Into eyaziwa ngcono kukuba enye yemilinganiselo yokuqala ye-proconsul uPaul Bremer yayikurhoxisa izivumelwano ezisayinwe ngurhulumente kaSaddam Hussein kunye neenkampani ezikhankanywe ngaphambili.
Iqhinga lase-US laliphindwe kabini. Ngokuyinxenye ibizama ukwenza i-oyile ibe yesiqhelo kwaye iququzelele ukuphuma kwe-Iraq kwi-OPEC okuza kukhokelela kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwixabiso eliphantsi, unikezelo lwe-oyile olukhuseleke ngakumbi, ngokuthoba ixabiso leoli ukuya malunga ne-US$20. Kodwa kwakhona, ngaba kwakungenakwenzeka ukulungelelanisa ukuhanjiswa kweoyile, njengoko kwakunjalo, iqhinga lazama ukugcina i-Iraq ngaphakathi kwe-OPEC ukuqinisa indawo "ephakathi" yamazwe afana neSaudi Arabia ngelixa kwangaxeshanye isoyikisa ukwandisa imveliso xa kunokwenzeka.
Umphathiswa we-Oli wangoku wase-Iraq, intsebenziswano uHussein al-Sharistani, uthe injongo yexesha eliphakathi kukuthengisa imiphanda yezigidi ezi-4 ngosuku, ukufikelela kwizigidi ezi-6 ngosuku ngo-2012. kweyona ndawo iphambili yeoli yase-Iraqi ikakhulu kumazwe ngamazwe aseBritane naseUnited States. (30) Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, i-US ayizukubonwa njengegunya eliphetheyo elaphula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kodwa njengegunya elinamandla kodwa elinobuntu ngokuthotywa kwamaxabiso e-oyile kunye nokuthintela ukudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi jikelele.
Ukuqinisa iSaudi Arabia
Kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuhlasela i-Iraq, umntu unokuthi izicwangciso zase-US aziphumelelanga. Ixabiso leoli lifikelele phezulu njenge-US $ 145 umphanda kwaye kukho ukudumba kwangoku ngaphakathi kwe-OPEC malunga nokuba ngaba kuyimfuneko ukwazisa ezinye iimali ezifana ne-Euro kwiintengiselwano zemali ze-oyile. Ngelixa amazwe anobuhlobo afana neQatar, i-United Arab Emirates okanye i-Kuwait inciphisa ugcino lwemali yedola kunye nokwandisa ipesenti yogcino lwabo ngee-Euro (4), kuphela i-Saudis kunye ne-Iraqis zihlala zinyanisekile kwimali yase-US.
Imeko eethe-ethe kuMbindi Mpuma ixhalabisa ii-ideologists eziphambili zase-US. Ubuthathaka babonakaliswa ngehlobo lika-2006 xa umbutho wezopolitiko waseLebhanon u-Hizbollah woyisa kwade kwaba ngoko wonke umkhosi onamandla wase-Israel. Abacinga abanjengoPatrick Clauwson okanye uMichael Klave bathi ukuba i-US ifuna ukugcina ubukhosi bayo kuMbindi Mpuma kufuneka igcine iSaudi Arabia ekubeni ingazinzi ekubeni elo lizwe line-22% yeendawo zokugcina ioli zehlabathi.
Abanye baqiqile ngakumbi, njengoZbigniew Brezinski, owayesakuba ngumcebisi kwezoKhuseleko lwesizwe kunye noRichard Haas ongumcebisi kaGeorge Bush. Bacinga ukuba ulawulo lwe-US kuMbindi Mpuma luphelile kwaye ixesha elitsha liqalile. Aba bantu babini bokugqibela, besebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, bayavumelana ekuphawuleni ukuba โixesha elitsha liqalile kwimbali yale mihla yalo mmandlaโฆ apho umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ukomelela kwemikhosi yasekuhlaleni (okt amazwe) ajongene nabadlali bangaphandle (amagunya awayenempembelelo ngokwesithethe.โ njenge-US)" (5).
NoBrezinski okanye iHaas ayithethi ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa umntu unokutsho ukuba ulwakhiwo olutsha lokhuseleko lwengingqi luyenziwa kubandakanya amazwe ahlukeneyo: iSaudi Arabia, iTurkey, iSyria kunye neIran. Kula mazwe elokuqala nelokugqibela โ amazwe amabini anoovimba abakhulu kulo mmandla โ ngawona asebenza kakhulu ekuhambiseni amaqhekeza awo kwibhodi yommandla. I-Saudis kunye nama-Irani I-Saudis kunye nama-Irani baxakeke kumzabalazo onzima wokulawula ungabikho kuMbindi Mpuma kodwa weMaghreb kunye neMpuma Ekude.
Kwimeko yase-Iranian ayinayo i-godfather kwaye yenza njengoko yenzayo ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kweqhinga lase-US e-Iraq. Kodwa kwimeko yaseSaudi kucacile ukuba ngekhe babe nesibindi sokuthatha elo nyathelo libhekiselele ekusebenzeni njengamandla ommandla ngaphandle kwenkxaso kunye nokukhalaza kwe-United States, kuba u-Israel untywiliselwe kwingxaki enzulu emva kokusilela eLebhanon ngo-2006 nakwi-2008. eGaza ngo-XNUMX.
Indima edlalwe yiSaudi Arabia kwaye isaqhubeka nokudlala eLebhanon luphawu. Yayililizwe eladala ubunzima obuninzi kwisivumelwano sezopolitiko. Igcine umgca onzima ngokuchasene ne-Hizbollah kwaye iye yahlala emaphethelweni esivumelwano phakathi kwemikhosi yaseNtshona kunye namazwe aseLebhanon eQatar ngoMeyi ophelileyo, ngenxa yokuba imikhosi yaseNtshona kunye ne-Saudis yalahlekelwa amandla.
..nokuqinisekisa amanzi
Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa i-oyile isesona sizathu sikhoyo songquzulwano kuMbindi Mpuma kunye neziphumo zayo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi, umntu akufanelekanga ukuba alahlekelwe ngumbono wokuba ingxaki ezayo ezayo kummandla inokuba phezu kwamanzi. Iidiphozithi ze-oyile zihlala kwaye zikhula njengoko iidiphozithi ezintsha zifunyanwa. Enyanisweni namhlanje, imveliso ikwinqanaba elifanayo kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, malunga ne-85 yezigidi zemibhobho ngosuku. Kodwa akunjalo ngobutyebi bamanzi, okwangoku malunga ne-1% yetotali yehlabathi.
Amazwe afana neBahrain, iJordan, iKuwait, iQatar, iSaudi Arabia, iYemen, i-United Arab Emirates, i-Israel kunye ne-Palestinian Occupied Territories (ezi ngenxa yokubiwa kwe-aquifers nguSirayeli) aneengxaki ezicacileyo zokubonelela abantu babo. Ukuhlala kukaSirayeli kwiGolan Heights, eyeSyria, kwakungenxa yokufuna amanzi kukaSirayeli kwaye sisizathu sokuba uSirayeli asala nokuthetha neSiriya ngokuwubuyisela loo mmandla.
Kwaye ukuxhaphazwa kwamanzi emilambo yaseLebhanon iWazzani kunye neHasbani ngamaSirayeli yayisesinye sezizathu zokwandisa ukuhlala kweLebhanon eseMazantsi iminyaka engama-20, de banyanzelwa ukuba balishiye ilizwe emva kokuxhathisa ixesha elide kunye nobugorha nguHizbollah. Nangona kunjalo ama-Israel nanamhlanje anqanda iLebhanon ekubeni yonwabele ngokupheleleyo amanzi aloo milambo (imithombo yoMlambo iJordan oqukuqela ukuya kwiLake Tiberias) ngaphandle kokunqongophala kwamanzi kuMazantsi eLebhanon phantsi kwesoyikiso sohlaselo lomkhosi wamaSirayeli. Eso sizathu sinye sisebenza ekwandiseni ixesha lokuhlala kwiifama zaseShebha, umhlaba osemaZantsi eLebhanon ohlalwa nguSirayeli ukususela ngowe-1967. Kwenzeka ukuba iiFama zeShebhaโa zimi kufuphi neNtaba yeHermon, uvimba obalulekileyo wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, yaye zikufuphi kakhulu. ukuya emilanjeni iHasbani neWazzani.
Kanye eso sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zongquzulwano eLebhanon kunye nomdla wase-US kwelo lizwe lincinci. Akukho ziganeko zamathuba kwi-geopolitics kwaye kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ibhombu yaseLebhanon yase-Israel ngo-2006 yadibana nokumiselwa kombhobho we-oyile we-Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan odibanisa uLwandle lweCaspian ukuya kwimpuma yeMeditera(6). Iprojekthi eza kusebenza phakathi kwezinye izinto ukubonelela uSirayeli ngeoli kwaye eyilwe yi-United States. Ngokufanayo neprojekthi yombhobho yokuzisa amanzi kwaSirayeli empompa ukusuka kwimithombo ephezulu yenkqubo yomlambo weTigris neEuphrates, enyuka eTurkey kodwa ehamba kakhulu e-Iraq.
(1) UKoreshi Vance, "Ukhetho Olunzima: Iminyaka Ebalulekileyo kuMgaqo-nkqubo waseMelika wangaphandle", uSimon & Schuster Books 1983.
(2) Alberto Cruz., โBreve manual de la polรญtica exterior de los EEUUโ http://www.avizora.com/publicaciones/politica_y_economia_americanas/politica_y_economia%20americans_18.htm
(3) Alberto Cruz, โIrak, la baza de EEUU para evitar el derrumbe del dรณlarโ http://www.nodo50.org/ceprid/spip.php?article73
(4) Ibid.
(5) Imicimbi yangaphandle, noviembre-dicembre 2006.
(6) UMichel Chossudovsky, "Imfazwe yaseLebhanon kunye nedabi leoli" http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=5841
Eli nqaku lipapashwe kwiNombolo ye-32 yokuhlaziywa kwe-Pueblos ngoJuni 2008 ehambelana nokubhiyozelwa kweNgqungquthela ye-Oli ye-Oli ukuya kwigosa elisemthethweni lenzeke eMadrid. Apha, idatha yexabiso leoli iye yahlaziywa kwaye ukukhankanywa kongezwa kwisivumelwano seDoha eLebhanon.
UAlberto Cruz yintatheli, umhlalutyi wezopolitiko kunye nombhali ogxile kubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe- [imeyile ikhuselwe]
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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