Ukuba ucinga ukuba i-US inemikhosi ye-160,000 kuphela e-Iraq, cinga kwakhona.
Ngokuphantse kungabikho kubeka iliso kwiCongress kunye nokwazisa okuncinci koluntu, ulawulo lukaBush luphindaphinde kabini ubungakanani bomsebenzi wase-US ngokusetyenziswa kweenkampani zabucala zemfazwe.
Ngoku kukho phantse i-200,000 "iikontraki" zabucala ezibekwe e-Iraq yiWashington. Oku kuthetha ukuba imikhosi yomkhosi wase-US e-Iraq ngoku ikhutshelwe ngaphandle yimbumba yamaqumrhu ahlawulisayo izenzo zawo zingahambi ngokungajongwanga kwaye izenzo zawo zolwaphulo-mthetho zingohlwaywa.
Ngokwenyani, ulawulo lukaBush lwenze umkhosi wesithunzi onokuthi usetyenziselwe ukulwa iimfazwe ezingathandwayo ngabantu baseMelika kodwa zinengeniso enkulu kwiinkampani zabucala ezimbalwa ezingaphendulekiyo.
Ukusukela oko kwasungulwa โimfazwe yehlabathi ngobugrogrisi,โ abalawuli baye bafaka ngokucwangcisekileyo iibhiliyoni zeedola kwimali yoluntu kumaqumrhu afana neBlackwater USA, DynCorp, Triple Canopy, Erinys kunye neArmorGroup. Nabo baye basebenzisa intlawulo yabo karhulumente enengeniso yokwakha iziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokufikelela kwimikhosi yabucala enamandla kangangokuba ikhuphisane okanye yoyise imikhosi yelizwe elithile.
"Ndicinga ukuba kuyingozi kakhulu xa ilizwe liqala ukukhupha amandla alo ekusebenziseni amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kobundlobongela ukuxhasa umgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle okanye iinjongo zokhuseleko lwelizwe," utshilo igqala leDiplomat yase-US uJoe Wilson, owayesebenza njengonozakuzaku wokugqibela wase-US. ukuya eIraq ngaphambi kweMfazwe yeGulf yowe-1991.
Iibhiliyoni zeerandi ezinikwa ezi nkampani, uWilson uthi, โzibenza babe liqela elinomdla kakhulu kumbutho wezopolitiko waseMelika kunye neqela elinomdla elixhobileyo. Kwaye umbuzo uya kuphakama ngaxa lithile: batyala kubani ukunyaniseka kwabo?
Idatha echanekileyo malunga nobungakanani benkcitho yase-US kwiinkonzo ze-mercenary phantse akunakwenzeka ukuyifumana - zombini iintatheli kunye namagosa anyuliweyo-kodwa abanye kwiCongress baqikelela ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 yeesenti zerhafu nganye echithwe emfazweni iya kwiikontraka zemfazwe. Okwangoku, iUnited States ichitha malunga ne-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngeveki kwimisebenzi yayo yase-Iraq.
Ngelixa kuninzi okwenziweyo โngokusilelaโ kolawulo lukaBush ukwakha imvumelwano yamazwe ngamazwe ngohlaselo lwase-Iraq, mhlawumbi ayizange ibe yinjongo leyo. Xa iitanki zase-US zaqengqeleka e-Iraq ngoMatshi ka-2003, zeza nowona mkhosi mkhulu โweekontraka zabucalaโ owakha wathunyelwa emfazweni. I-White House ithathe indawo yozakuzo lwezizwe ngezizwe ngezivumelwano zemfazwe ezinengeniso kunye nentlanganisela yezizwe ezizimiseleyo ezibonelele ngemikhosi yomqondiso ngomdibaniso wamashishini ahlawulayo anikezela ngamaqela eekontraka.
'AKUKHO ULAWULO LWEDEMOKRASI'
Ngexesha leMfazwe yeGulf yowe-1991, umlinganiselo wamajoni kwiikontraka zabucala wawumalunga nama-60 ku-1. Namhlanje, ziikontraka ezodlula imikhosi yase-US e-Iraq. Ukusukela ngoJulayi ka-2007, bekukho iinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-630 ezisebenza kwikhontrakthi yemfazwe e-Iraq e-United States. Uqulunqwe ngabasebenzi abamalunga ne-180,000 abaphuma kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100, umkhosi weekontraka wodlula umkhosi osemthethweni wase-US onamajoni angama-160,000.
Lilonke, iUnited States inokuba nabasebenzi abangama-400,000 abahlala e-Iraq, ingabandakanyi imikhosi yezizwe ezimanyeneyo. Iinkcukacha-manani kwiikontraka azichazi zonke iikontraka ezixhobileyo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ingxelo karhulumente wase-US yaqikelela ukuba kukho abantu abangama-48,000 abasebenzela iinkampani zomkhosi zabucala ezingaphezu kwe-170 e-Iraq. โIfihla inqanaba lokwenyani lokubandakanyeka kweMelika,โ utshilo uMmeli uWilson.
Ingakanani imali echithwayo nje kubasebenzi abarhwebayo isahleli ihlelwe kakhulu. Imithombo yeCongressional iqikelela ukuba iUnited States ichithe ubuncinci i-6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola e-Iraq, ngelixa iBritane ichithe malunga nama-400 ezigidi zeedola. Kwangelo xesha, iinkampani ezikhethwe yi-White House ukwakha kwakhona iiprojekthi e-Iraq zichithe iimali ezinkulu kwiimali zokwakha kwakhona- mhlawumbi iibhiliyoni kwiimali ezingaphezulu zokugada abasebenzi babo kunye neeprojekthi.
Esona sivumelwano sikhulu sase-US sokhuseleko lwabucala e-Iraq yayiyi-293 yezigidi zeerandi yentlawulo kwifemu yaseBritani i-Aegis Defense Services, ekhokelwa nguLt. Col. Col. Tim Spicer, osele ehlalโ esweni, obanjwe zizityholo zokuthi ungumntu olawulayo ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwakhe ngasese. kwiimfazwe zaseAfrika. I-DynCorp International esekwe eTexas ibe ngomnye umntu ophumeleleyo, ngaphezulu kwe-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiikhontrakthi zokubonelela abasebenzi ukuba baqeqeshe amapolisa ase-Iraq, ngelixa iBlackwater USA iphumelele i-750 yezigidi zeedola kwiikontraka zeSebe likaRhulumente kuphela "ngokhuseleko lwezozakuzo."
Okwangoku, igqala laseMelika okanye iBritish Special Forces elisebenzela inkampani yabucala yokhuseleko e-Iraq linokwenza i-650 yeedola ngosuku. Ngamanye amaxesha izinga liye lafikelela kwi-$ 1,000 ngosuku; abahlawulwayo abahlawulwayo amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezulu kwamajoni asebenzayo asebenza kwindawo yemfazwe enxibe iflegi yase-US okanye yase-UK emagxeni abo endaweni yelogo yenkampani.
"Sifumene [amashumi amawaka] oonokontraka phaya, abanye babo benza ngaphezulu kukaNobhala wezoKhuselo," uSihlalo weKomitana yoLwabiwo lweNdlu yoKhuselo uJohn Murtha (D-Penn.) kutshanje uthe. "Uyithethelela njani loo nto esihogweni?" Ngokuyinxenye, ezi kontraka zenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ebisenziwa ngamajoni. Ezinye azifuni qeqesho lwasemkhosini, kodwa zibandakanya imisebenzi ebulalayo, enjengokuqhuba iilori kwindawo elawulwa ngabavukeli.
Abanye bamsulwa ngakumbi, njengokupheka ukutya okanye ukuhlamba impahla kwisiseko, kodwa usemngciphekweni omkhulu wenkundla ngenxa yohlaselo oluqhelekileyo lodaka kunye nerokethi.
Ezi nkonzo zibonelelwa ngeenkampani ezifana ne-KBR kunye noFluor kunye ne-labyrinth yabo enkulu yeekontraka ezingaphantsi. Kodwa abanye abasebenzi abaninzi babucala nabo babandakanyeka kumlo oxhobileyo kunye nemisebenzi "yokhuseleko". Bagocagoca amabanjwa, baqokelele ubukrelekrele, baqhube iinqwelomoya, bakhusele amagosa aphezulu omsebenzi kwaye, ubuncinci kwimeko enye, bayalele i-US kunye nemikhosi yamazwe ngamazwe edabini.
Kwingxelo yokwamkelwa, uGen. David Petraeus, owongamela โuhlaselo lomkhosiโ kaBush, wathi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, maxa wambi, ugadwe โngokhuseleko lwekhontrakthiโ eIraq. Ubuncinci iinjengele ezintathu zase-US, ezingabandakanyi iPetraeus, ngoku zigadiwe eIraq ngemipu eqeshiweyo. URep. Dennis Kucinich (D-Ohio), ilungu leHouse Oversight and Government Reform Committee, uthi: โUkuba nesiqingatha somkhosi wenu sibe ngabakhi, andazi ukuba kukho umzekelo woko.โ iikontraka.
"Mhlawumbi umzekelo yayiyiBhritane kunye nama-Hesse kwiNguquko yaseMelika. Mhlawumbi elo lixesha lokugqibela kwaye akuyomfuneko ukuthetha, balahlekile. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba akukho lawulo lwedemokhrasi kwaye akukho njongo yokuba nolawulo lwedemokhrasi apha.โ
Imiphumo iba mibi kakhulu. UJoseph Wilson uthi, โNgokungabikho kwemvumelwano yamazwe ngamazwe, ulawulo lwaseBush lwangoku luthembele kumdibaniso wento endiyibiza ngokuba yi-co-opted, eyonakeleyo kunye nabanyanzeliswayo: abo baxhamla ngokwezimali ngokubandakanyeka kwabo, abo baxhamla kwezopolitiko ekubandakanyekeni kwabo. kunye nabo bambalwa bagqiba ekubeni ubudlelwane babo ne-United States bubaluleke ngakumbi kunobudlelwane babo nabani na ongomnye. Yingxaki yokwenyani leyo kuba akukho semthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe osigcinayo kulo lonke eli nyathelo silithathileyo.โ
Ngaphezu koko, olu tshintsho luthetha ukuba i-United States ayisafuni ukuthembela kubemi bayo ukuba balwe iimfazwe zayo, kwaye akufuneki ukuba iphumeze uyilo, oluya kwenza ukuba imfazwe yase-Iraq ingabikho kwezopolitiko.
'INKOLO YOLAWULO ESENTSHA'
Ngexesha lokuxoxwa kwetyala lakhe kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu kulo Januwari udlulileyo, uPetraeus uncome indima yemikhosi yabucala, ebanga ukuba bahlawulela umkhosi owolulekileyo. UPetraeus uxelele iisenenja ukuba kudityaniswe nokugqogqa kwamajoni ngokusemthethweni kukaBush, "amashumi amawaka emikhosi yokhuseleko yekhontrakthi indinika isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba singawufeza umsebenzi."
Ithatyathwe kunye nengxelo yakutsha nje kaPetraeus yokuba olu tyando luza kuqhuba phakathi ku-2009, oku kuthetha ukuba indima eyandayo yamajoni kunye neminye imikhosi yabucala e-Iraq icacile kwitafile yekamva elibonakalayo.
"Ukusetyenziswa okwandayo kweekontraka, imikhosi yabucala okanye njengoko abanye benokuthi 'amagosa' kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuqala iimfazwe kunye nokulwa - kuthatha imali kuphela hayi abemi," utshilo uMichael Ratner, umongameli weZiko lamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko, umbutho wakhe. uye wamangalela iikontraka zabucala ngezityholo zokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu eIraq.
โUkuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba labantu ababizelwa ukuba baye emfazweni, kukho ukuxhathisa, ukuxhathisa okuyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe iimfazwe zokuziphakamisa, iimfazwe zobudenge nakwimeko ye-United States, iimfazwe zama-imperiyali. Imikhosi yabucala iphantse ibe yimfuneko kwi-United States ezimisele ukugcina ubukhosi bayo obuhlayo. Cinga ngeRoma nemfuneko yayo eyandayo yamajoni.โ
Imikhosi yabucala nayo iluncedo kwezopolitiko koorhulumente abaninzi. Iingxwelerha zabo azibalwa, izenzo zabo azijongwanga kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwabo alohlwaywa. Inene, iminyaka emine kulo msebenzi, akukho nkqubo isebenzayo yokongamela okanye uxanduva lokulawula iikontraka kunye nokusebenza kwazo, kwaye akukho mthetho usebenzayo-umkhosi okanye uluntu lusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yabo. Abakhange basiwe kwiinkundla zomkhosi (nangona kwenziwe iinzame zamva nje zokubabeka phantsi koMthetho Ofanayo woBulungisa basemkhosini), okanye bamangalelwe kwiinkundla zasekuhlaleni zaseUnited States. Kwaye nokuba zeziphi na izenzo zabo e-Iraq, abanakutshutshiswa kwiinkundla zase-Iraqi kuba ngo-2004 igunya lokuhlala e-US labanika ukhuseleko olupheleleyo.
โEzi kontraka zabucala ngenene ziyingalo yolawulo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yazo,โ utsho uKucinich, ocele ukurhoxiswa kwazo zonke iikontraka zase-US e-Iraq. Nantoni na abayifunayo bahlawulisa ngaphandle koloyiko. Akukho xanduva lokuba bangaphi abantu abanabo, malunga nokuba yintoni na imisebenzi yabo. "
Oko kuphakamisa umbuzo obalulekileyo: yintoni kanye kanye abayenzayo e-Iraq egameni likarhulumente wase-US nase-UK? Ummeli uJan Schakowsky (D-Ill.), Ilungu elikhokelayo leNdlu eKhethekileyo yeKomiti yezoBuntlola, enoxanduva lokuphonononga imiba enobuzaza yokhuseleko lwesizwe, uchaze ubunzima bokubeka iliso kwiinkampani zabucala zomkhosi kuluhlu lwemivuzo yaseMelika: โUkuba ndifuna Ndibone ikhontrakthi, kufuneka ndinyuke ndiye kwigumbi eliyimfihlo kwaye ndiyijonge, andinakuthatha namanqaku, andinakuthatha namanqaku kunye nam, uyazi-ngokusisiseko, andikwazi ukufikelela kwezo zivumelwano kwaye. nokuba ndenze njalo, andizange ndikwazi ukuxelela mntu ngaloo nto.โ
'INDAWO YEMARKO YEMFAZWE'
Kwi-Intanethi, iividiyo ezininzi zisasazeke ngentsholongwane, ebonisa into ebonakala ngathi ngamajoni angaphandle asebenzisa i-Iraqis njengento ekujoliswe kuyo, nto leyo eyabangela iintloni kwiifemu ezibandakanyekayo. Ngaphandle kwezi ziganeko kunye namashumi amawaka eekontraka ezidlula eIraq, ngabantu ababini kuphela abakhe bamangalelwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho apho. Omnye wayetyholwa ngokuhlaba omnye ikontraka, ngelixa omnye wayenetyala lokuba nemifanekiso yamanyala yabantwana kwikhompyuter yakhe kwintolongo yase-Abu Ghraib.
Amajoni amaninzi aseMelika aye agwetyelwa inkundla-yangama-64 ngezityholo ezinxulumene nokubulala kuphela-kodwa akukho nokhontraktha oxhobileyo oye watshutshiswa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye ne-Iraqi. Kwezinye iimeko, apho iikontraka kutyholwa ukuba zibandakanyeke kulwaphulo-mthetho okanye kwiziganeko ezibulalayo, iinkampani zabo zabakhupha e-Iraq bazisa kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
Iikontraka zaseMelika e-Iraq kuthiwa zinesaci sazo: "Kwenzeka ntoni apha namhlanje, hlala apha namhlanje." Oonozakuzaku bamazwe ngamazwe bathi i-Iraq ibonise imodeli entsha yase-US yokulwa imfazwe; enye ebeka isoyikiso esirhubuluzayo kucwangco lwehlabathi.
"Ukukhupha imiba enxulumene nokhuseleko, enxulumene nomkhosi kurhulumente, imikhosi engeyiyo yomkhosi ngumthombo wenkxalabo enkulu kwaye ibambe oorhulumente abaninzi bengazilungiselelanga," utshilo uHans von Sponeck, igqala le-UN leminyaka engama-32, owayesebenza njengentloko. kwimishini ye-UN eIraq ngaphambi kokuba i-US ihlasele.
E-Iraq, iUnited States isebenzise amaqabane ayo ecandelo labucala ukwakha imikhosi yamajoni amaninzi atsalwa kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ngesithembiso semivuzo engaphezulu kunokuhlawula amajoni asekhaya. Ukuba oorhulumente basekhaya bamanye ala magorha abucala bayayichasa imfazwe ngokwayo ayibalulekanga kangako.
"Unompu, uya kulwela umvuzo" uye waba ngumthetho wehlabathi jikelele.
โOwona mba uxhalabisayo kukuba la mandla angaphandle kolawulo lwepalamente. Bavela macala onke kwaye abaphenduli nakubani na ngaphandle kweqela elimxinwa kakhulu labantu kwaye bavela kumazwe abo oorhulumente babo basenokungazi neenkcukacha ukuba ngokwenene banikwe ikhontrakthi njengomkhosi wabucala kwindawo yemfazwe, โutshilo u-von. Sponeck.
โUkuba ngoku unendawo yentengiso yemfazwe, ngumba wezorhwebo endaweni yezopolitiko obandakanya iingxoxo zamazwe.
Ukwajongela phantsi ulawulo lukarhulumente malunga nokuba le nto mayenzeke okanye hayi, kufuneka yenzeke kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, ingakanani isayizi kunye nokumila. Ngumba omtsha okhathazayo kakhulu wobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe. Ndicinga ukuba iya ingalawuleki ngakumbi kumazwe anikezelayo. โ
E-Iraq, umzekelo, amakhulu ama-mercenaries ase-Chile asetyenziswe ziinkampani zase-US ezifana ne-Blackwater kunye ne-Triple Canopy, nangona i-Chile, njengelungu elijikelezayo leBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN, lichasene nokuhlasela kwaye liyaqhubeka nokuchasa ukusebenza kwe-Iraq. Abanye abantu baseChile kutyholwa ukuba babengamagqala exesha lePinochet.
Kambe ke, akukho nto intsha ngolwalamano olukhoyo phakathi kwezopolitiko noqoqosho, kodwa kukho into egqwethekileyo malunga nokuthengiswa kweMfazwe yaseIraq nokusetyenziswa kwamajoni abucala, utsho njalo isazi ngezentlalo saseChile uTito Tricot, owayesakuba libanjwa lezobupolitika. bathuthunjiswa phantsi kolawulo lukaPinochet.
"Olu lwangaphandle lweenkonzo okanye ukukhutshwa kwemizamo yokunciphisa iindleko - ama-mercenaries ehlabathi lesithathu ahlawulwa ngaphantsi koogxa babo abavela kwihlabathi eliphuhlisiwe - kwaye bandise inzuzo. Ngamanye amazwi, vumela abanye balwe imfazwe yamaMelika. Nokuba yeyiphi na imeko, abantu baseIraq abakhathali kwaphela. โ
INGXAKI EZINTSHA
Imfazwe yaseIraq ingenise inkqubo entsha. Amazwe atyebileyo anokuqokelela amahlwempu ehlabathi, kumazwe angenanxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kungquzulwano, aze awasebenzise njengenkanunu yokutya ukuze oyise amazwe abuthathaka. Oku kuvumela amandla okoyisayo ukuba abambe amaxhoba asekhaya-esona sithintelo esikhulu sokulwa iimfazwe njengaleyo yase-Iraq. Ewe, e-Iraq, ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 yeekontraka ezisebenzela umsebenzi wase-US ziye zabulawa kunye nabanye abayi-13,000 benzakele. Uninzi olungabemi baseMelika, kwaye la manani akabalwa kwinani lokufa elisemthethweni ngexesha apho abantu baseMelika besiya bephazanyiswa ziingxwelerha.
E-Iraq, iinkampani ezininzi ziqhutywa ngabantu baseMelika okanye ngamaBritane kwaye zinemikhosi eqeqeshwe kakuhle ethathwe kwiiyunithi zomkhosi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuze zisetyenziswe kwizenzo ezibuthathaka okanye kwimisebenzi. Kodwa phantsi kwemigangatho, le mikhosi izaliswe ngabantu base-Iraqis kunye nabemi belizwe lesithathu. Ewe, ezinye ii-118,000 zeekontraka eziqikelelwa kwi-180,000 zingama-Iraqis, kwaye uninzi lwamajoni kuthiwa akahlawulwanga kakuhle, axhotyiswanga kakuhle kwaye abaqeqeshekanga kubemi baseIraq.
Ishishini le-mercenary likhomba oku njengento entle: sinika abantu base-Iraqi imisebenzi, nangona behleli kwilizwe labo kwinkonzo yequmrhu labucala eliqeshwe ligunya elihlaselayo elinobutshaba.
UDoug Brooks, intloko yeqela le-Orwellian elibizwa ngokuba yi-mercenary trade group, i-International Peace Operations Association, waxoxa kwasekuqaleni komsebenzi, โIimyuziyam akufuneki zigadwe ngamatanki ka-Abrams xa unogada wase-Iraq osebenzela ikontraki enokwenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngaphantsi kwesinye-mahlanu oko kubiza ukugcina ijoni American. Ukuqesha oonogada basekhaya kunika i-Iraqis isigxina kwikamva eliyimpumelelo kwilizwe labo. Basebenzisa umvuzo wabo ukuxhasa iintsapho zabo nokukhuthaza uqoqosho. Mhlawumbi okona kubalulekileyo kukuba, wonke umlindi uthetha umgulukudu ongenamandla kangako.โ
Ngeendlela ezininzi, ikwayimodeli yeshishini efanayo yokuthembela kubasebenzi abaphantsi kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ukuba basebenze kwimisebenzi yabo enengeniso ka-uber. Iingxilimbela zezizwe ngezizwe zikwaxoxa ukuba zinceda uqoqosho ngokuqesha abantu balapha, nokuba kurholwa yindlala.
โUkuphumelela kukaDonald Rumsfeld, kunye nelona lifa lakhe lihlala lihleli, yayikukuzisa utshintsho lweshishini lweminyaka yee-1990 entliziyweni yowona mkhosi unamandla ehlabathini,โ utshilo uNaomi Klein, ogama lakhe lizayo elithi, Imfundiso Yokothuka: Ukunyuka kweNtlekele. Ubungxowankulu, buphonononga le mixholo.
โSibonile ngoku ukuvela komkhosi ongenanto. Ngokufana nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziinkampani ezingenanto ezifana ne-Nike, iibhiliyoni zichithwa kubuchwephesha bezomkhosi kunye noyilo kumazwe atyebileyo ngelixa umsebenzi wezandla kunye nomsebenzi wokubila wokuhlasela kunye nomsebenzi usanda kunikezelwa kwiikontraka ezikhuphisanayo omnye komnye ukugcwalisa umyalelo womsebenzi ixabiso eliphantsi. Kanye njengokuba le modeli ivelisa uxhatshazo oluxhaphakileyo kwicandelo lezemveliso - kunye namagama amakhulu ahlala ekwazi ukucela ukungazi malunga nezenzo zababoneleli babo-injalo ke emkhosini, nangona imilinganiselo ephezulu kakhulu. โ Kwimeko yase-Iraq, oorhulumente base-US kunye ne-UK banokunika umbono woluntu wokurhoxiswa kwemikhosi kwaye bathengise umsebenzi wabucala. Ewe, kamsinya nje emva kokuba owayesakuba yiNkulumbuso yaseBhritane uTony Blair ebhengeze ukuba ufuna ukurhoxisa amajoni ali-1,600 eBasra, kuye kwavela iingxelo zokuba urhulumente waseBhritane ucinga ngokuthumela iinkampani zokhuseleko zabucala ukuba โzivale umsantsa oshiye ngasemva.โ
Intlola EYANDIBIZELAYO
Ngelixa i-Iraq ngoku ilawula izihloko zeendaba, imfazwe yabucala kunye neenkampani zobuntlola zandisa umkhondo wazo osele umkhulu. Urhulumente wase-US ngokukodwa ngoku uphakathi kweyona ajenda yoshishino lwabucala kwimbali yakhe. Ngokutsho kwengxelo yakutshanje yeVanity Fair, urhulumente uhlawula abakhi beekontraka imali elingana nedityanisiweyo yerhafu ehlawulwa nguye wonkโ ubani waseUnited States nomvuzo ongaphantsi kwee-R100,000 90, nto leyo ethetha ukuba โngaphezu kwama-XNUMX ekhulwini abo bonke abarhafi basenokuyihlawula ngokuthe ngqo yonke into abayityala [ iikontraka] kunokuba ziye [kurhulumente].โ
Okunye koku kukhutshwa kwabantu bangaphandle kuyenzeka kumacandelo anovakalelo, kuquka nabezobuntlola. โNgumazibuthe lo ngoku. Yonke into itsalwa kwezi nkampani zabucala malunga nabantu nobuchule kunye nemisebenzi ebiqhele ukwenziwa luluntu lwezobuntlola,โ utshilo owayesakuba yintloko yecandelo leCIA kunye nomhlalutyi ophezulu uMelvin Goodman. โEyona nto indikhathazayo kukunqongophala kokuphendula, ukungabikho koxanduva. Ishishini lonke ngokuyimfuneko alikho kulawulo. Iyanyanyeka.โ
URJ Hillhouse, iblogger ephanda ngehlabathi elifihlakeleyo leekontraka zabucala kunye nobuntlola base-US, kutshanje uye wafumana amaxwebhu kwiOfisi yoLawulo loBuntlola beSizwe (DNI) abonisa ukuba iWashington ichitha malunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-42 zeerandi ngonyaka kwiikontraka zezobuntlola zabucala, ukusuka kwi-17.54 yeebhiliyoni zeedola 2000. Ngoku loo nkcitho imele i-70 yepesenti yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwase-US oluya kwiinkampani zabucala.
Mhlawumbi akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba intloko ekhoyo ye-DNI ngu-Mike McConnell, usihlalo wangaphambili webhodi ye-Intelligence kunye ne-National Security Alliance, ingalo yokuphembelela ishishini labucala. U-Hillhouse uphinde watyhila ukuba elinye lawona maxwebhu e-intelligence ase-US, i-Presidential Daily Briefing, ilungiswe ngokuyinxenye ziinkampani zabucala, nangona itywina elisemthethweni lezixhobo zobuntlola zase-US.
โMasithi inkampani iphoxwa ngurhulumente ophazamisa ishishini okanye ishishini lomnye wabaxumi bayo. Ukwazisa nokujikeleza ubuntlola malunga nentsebenziswano karhulumente ekrokrelekayo nabanqolobi kuya kukhawuleza kuthathelwe ingqalelo yi-White House kwaye kungasetyenziselwa ukubumba umgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe,โ uxoxa watsho u-Hillhouse.
AMAQEMBU AMANYATHELO
Bexhotyiswe ludumo lwabo olutsha olufunyenweyo, imikhosi yamajoni yandisa ubukho bayo kwamanye amathafa edabi: eLatin America, iDynCorp International isebenza eColombia, eBolivia nakwamanye amazwe phantsi komthi "wemfazwe yeziyobisi" - iikontraka zokhuselo zase-US zifumana phantse isiqingatha. i-630 yezigidi zeerandi kuncedo lomkhosi wase-US eColombia; e-Afrika, amajoni asasaza eSomalia, eCongo naseSudan kwaye baya besanda ukuba nemibono yabo ekungeneni kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokugcina uxolo lwe-UN (oku bekuyinyani ukususela ekuqaleni koo-1990 kwaye mhlawumbi ngaphambili kakhulu). Amajoni axhobe kakhulu athunyelwa eNew Orleans emva kweNkanyamba uKatrina, ngelixa izindululo zijongwa njengento yabucala yokujikeleza komda wase-US.
UBrooks, umgcini weshishini labucala lomkhosi, uthi abantu akufuneki "baxakeke kakhulu nge-Iraq," esithi "iinkampani ezingamalungu ombutho wakhe zinabasebenzi abaninzi abasebenza kwi-UN kunye ne-African Union imisebenzi yoxolo kunawo onke amazwe ngaphandle kwembinana." UVon Sponeck uthi ukholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweenkampani ezinjalo emfazweni kufanele kuthintelwe kwaye unamazwi arhabaxa kwiziko awachithela kulo umsebenzi wakhe wobomi: โIZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, kuquka noNobhala Jikelele weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, zifanele zisabele koku kwaye endaweni yokusabela, bazizidenge, bathe cwaka.
Le nkxaso-mali ingazange ibonwe ngaphambili yamashishini anjalo, ikakhulu ngoorhulumente base-US nabase-UK, kuthetha ukuba amandla xa sele eyindawo eyodwa yezizwe ngoku esezandleni zeenkampani zabucala ngokunyaniseka kuphela kwingeniso, ii-CEO kwaye, kwimeko yeenkampani zoluntu, abaninizabelo. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, umxhasi wabo, nokuba ngubani na. Iinkonzo zohlobo lwe-CIA, imisebenzi ekhethekileyo, izenzo ezifihlakeleyo kunye nemikhosi emincinci kunye nemikhosi ye-paramilitary ngoku ikwimarike yehlabathi ngendlela engabonakaliyo kwimbali yanamhlanje. Oku kunokuvumela iinkampani okanye izizwe ezinemali ukuba zichithe kodwa zingenawo amandla okwenene omkhosi ukuqesha amaqela amajoni axhobe kakhulu kwaye aqeqeshwe kakuhle.
โIphakamisa imiba ebaluleke kakhulu malunga norhulumente kunye namandla ombuso. Inye into abantu abacinga ngayo ukuba ikwinjongo karhulumente - eqhutywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye iphethwe nguye - kukusetyenziswa kwamandla omkhosi, "kusho uRep. Jan Schakowsky. "Ngequbuliso unenkampani eyenza inzuzo ehamba kwihlabathi lonke enamandla kunamazwe, enokwenza ulawulo apho banokufuna ukuya khona, ebonakala inayo yonke inkxaso eyidingayo kolu lawulo oluhle kakhulu. ezamazama kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye esebenza phantsi kobumnyama.
"Iphakamisa imibuzo malunga nedemokhrasi, malunga namazwe, malunga nokuba ngubani ophembelela umgaqo-nkqubo kwihlabathi jikelele, malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwamanye amazwe. Mhlawumbi yinjongo yabo ukunika imanyano yaseburhulumenteni njenge-NATO engabalulekanga kwixesha elizayo, ukuba ibe ngabo kwaye bavulelwe oyena mntu uphakamileyo. Ngubani ngokwenene omisela imfazwe noxolo ehlabathini lonke?โ
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela