Olu qhankqalazo lwaqala emva kokuba urhulumente kamasipala wase-Colau efake imiqathango yokuphelisa amaqonga edijithali afana no-Uber, awathi anqunyanyiswa yiNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseCatalan. Umgwebo waso wawucinga ukuba eso sixeko sasiwagqithile amandla aso amiselweyo. Njengoko amawakawaka abaqhubi beeteksi ayevale ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zeBarcelona bekhalazela uqhanqalazo, oogxa babo baseMadrid, eMalaga, naseValencia bagcwala ezitratweni befuna. imimiselo efanayo kwaziswa kuzwelonke.
Okwangoku i-Colau ithathelwe kumaza omoya ucela umngeni kurhulumente omtsha we-Socialist Party (PSOE) kazwelonke "ukuba angajongi kwelinye icala - ukuba ngqongqo kwabanamandla." Emva kweentsuku ezintlanu zokuvalwa kwedolophu, isivumelwano sokulinga kwafikelelwa, kunye norhulumente okhokelwa yindoda yePSOE Pedro Sรกnchez ukuvuma ukwazisa umthetho omtsha ekwindla ukwenza ulawulo lwecandelo lula.
Olu tshintsho luhle kangaka phakathi kwamanyathelo amaziko kunye nokuhlanganisa uluntu, apho ngalinye liqinisa elinye, laliyinxalenye yento eyayifuna ukuyilwa yiColau's Barcelona en Comรบ (BenComรบ) xa ithatha isikhundla ngo-2015. amaqela ashiye ngathi IPodemos kunye ne-United Left, umkhosi omtsha kamasipala wathembisa kungekuphela nje amanyathelo achasene ne-neoliberal kodwa kunye nedemokhrasi enzulu. Njengamaqonga oodade athatha iiholo zedolophu eCadรญz, eMadrid, eValencia, nakwezinye izixeko zaseSpain, injongo kaBenComรบ yayikukuguqula ummandla kamasipala ube yindawo yombutho odumileyo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba.
Izixeko Ezingoyikiyo, incwadi yakutshanje eveliswe ngabatsha-ntliziyo be-BenComรบ, iye yazama ukufumana izifundo ezibanzi kula mava, ikhuthaza imodeli entsha yomasipala onenkqubela. Nangona kunjalo ukuba siza kuthatha i-Barcelona njengesibane sohlobo olutsha lwezopolitiko, oku kufuna ukubandakanyeka okunzulu kunye nemibuzo yeqhinga lasekhohlo. Ukusebenzisa i-ofisi eyonyuliweyo kuye kwanyusa amatsha ntliziyo kwiqonga lesizwe - kodwa ikwaqaqambise iinzima zamandla eziko ezingaxhaswanga luhlanganiso oluzinzileyo olusuka ngezantsi.
Ukunciphisa Umva
Kolu thungelwano lwamabhunga abukhali, izinto azikhange zibe lula. Ejongene nabantu abaphezulu abalungelelaniswe kakuhle kwaye ecinezelwe yimithetho yesizwe engqongqo, olu thungelwano lwamabhunga angqongqo luye lwajamelana nemida emikhulu. Uninzi luye lwasokola ukudibanisa uxanduva lweofisi kunye nokuthembeka kwiinkqubo zabo zenguqu.
EMadrid, uSodolophu uManuela Carmena uye watyhalela phambili uthotho lokurhoxa, kuquka ukwamkela malunga ne-400 yezigidi zee-euro zokucuthwa ngo 2017. Ngeli xesha kumasipala waseBadalona ummelwane waseBarcelona, โโuSodolophu uDolors Sabater wasuswa kwiofisi emva kokulahlekelwa yivoti yokungazithembi ngoJuni. Oku kweza emva konyaka weemfazwe malunga nobungqongqo, obuthe urhulumente ophakathi wabamba imali emva kokuba iSabater's Badalona en Comรบ izame "goba" imithetho yenkcitho.
E-Barcelona ngokwayo, i-balance sheet ibonakala ilungile, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yamandla amakhulu ombutho. Kodwa izinga elisezantsi lamatyala esi sixeko nalo libalulekile, kuba linike ibhunga ukuzimela geqe kwezemali kunamaqabane alo akwezinye izixeko. Oku kuxhatshazwe kakuhle lulawulo luka-Colau oluphumeza uluhlu lwamanyathelo amatsha oluntu, afana neskimu esinamabhongo sezindlu zikamasipala kunye nenkqubo yotyalo-mali ejolise kwiindawo ezinemivuzo ephantsi. Bakwanyanzele ngemigaqo ebalulekileyo ukuba bahlangabezane nengxaki yezindlu esixekweni, eyamva nje iya kubona ama-30 ekhulwini awo onke amakhaya amatsha aqeshwayo okanye athengiswa ngexabiso elifikelelekayo.
Ukanti kulo nyaka uphelileyo kuphinde kwabona ukoyiswa okuninzi okukumgangatho ophezulu, okufana nokusilela ukutyhalela phambili kwinto ebeyifanele ukuba liqonga leqonga kwikota yayo yokuqala - ukubuyisela umva ulawulo lonikezelo lwamanzi oluqhutywa ngasese eBarcelona. Ibhunga belinethemba lokubeka oku kuphinda kwenziwe umasipala ireferendamu yesixeko sonke kodwa emva kwedabi elithatha ixesha elide kunye nokontraka okhoyo u-Agbar, baphulukene nevoti kwigumbi lebhunga ngo-Epreli.
Kwangolo suku lunye ooceba bavotela enye yee-BenComรบ's iiprojekthi eziphambili zeziseko zophuhliso, umgaqo omtsha wenqwelo-mafutha odibanisa umbindi wesixeko ukuya kwimida, ugxininisa ngakumbi ubunzima ababenabo ekusebenzeni njengolawulo lwabambalwa. Ngezihlalo ezilishumi elinanye kuphela kwezingamashumi amane ananye kwibhunga, uBenComรบ wenze urhulumente womanyano kunye nePSOE ngo-2016. isivumelwano saqhawuka emva kokuba iSocialists ixhase ukunqunyanyiswa kokuzimela kweCatalan.
Ngoku ujongene nedabi elinzima lokunyulwa kwakhona ngoMeyi ozayo kunye nokunyuka kwezahlulo ngaphakathi kweqonga ngokwalo malunga nombuzo wokuzimela, uColau noBenComรบ bazifumana bekwixesha elibalulekileyo. Ngenxa yobunzima bamandla abasebenza kuwo, baye bafumana inzuzo encomekayo. Uvoto lokuqala lukwabanika isikhokelo esimxinwa ngaphezulu kweentshaba zabo ezikufutshane, iCiudadanos kunye ne-Esquerra Republicana. Kodwa umbuzo ngoku ngowokuba ingaba bangakwazi na ukumilisela iingcambu zentlalo ezinzulu kwaye basebenzise amandla okwenene njengoko becwangcisa indlela engaphaya kwexesha labo lokuqala e-ofisini.
IWager kaMasipala
Kukule meko ukuba Izixeko ezingoyikiyo: IsiKhokelo kwiGlobal Municipalist Movement, ipapashwe ngeSpanishi kunye nesiCatalan kunye noshicilelo lwesiNgesi oluvela kwi-Verso ekuqaleni kwe-2019.
Ukuza kwizithende zendibano yokuqala yehlabathi yemibutho kamasipala e-Barcelona ngo-2017, Izixeko Ezingoyikiyo ifundeka ngokuyinxenye โnjengesibhengezo sikawonke-wonkeโ esivela kwintlangano ekholelwa ukuba ixesha layo lifikile. Njengoko u-Iago Martรญnez evela kwiqonga iLa Marea Atlantica, elawula ibhunga laseLa Coruรฑa, ibeka:
Ukuba i-19th Inkulungwane yayiyi-Empire kunye ne-20th leyo yesizwe-karhulumente, i-21st yinkulungwane yesixekoโฆ. Izixeko lelona themba lethu ledemokhrasi. Ngelixa amaziko ezopolitiko emveli elahlekelwa yindawo kunye namandla kwinkqubo ethe yagqitha imida yesizwe, ulawulo olutsha lwasekhaya luvela njengabalinganiswa bokwenyani beli xesha ngoku ngamandla abo okuphendulaโฆ. kwimingeni engundoqo yexesha lethu.
E-Spain imvelaphi ekhawulezileyo yolu bheja kwidemokhrasi entsha yasezidolophini yayiyimisebenzi yama-Indignados kwizikwere zedolophu ngo-2011. Le mvukelo yabemi ngokuchasene nenkqubo yezopolitiko engahlonelwayo yaba lithuba lezopolitiko zaseSpain: uluntu. umsasazi RTVE kuqikelelwa phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-8.5 yezigidi zabantu abathatha inxaxheba kwiindibano kunye noqhanqalazo. Emva koko kwafika umjikelo ozinzileyo wokuhlanganiswa kwentlalo owabona ukusasazeka kweentshukumo ezinkulu ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nephulo le-La PAH elichasene nokukhutshwa kwezindlu - apho uColau wayesisithethi sesizwe - kunye Amaza (okanye amaTides) aququzelela ukuchasana nokunqunyulwa kweenkonzo zoluntu.
Kodwa ngo-2014, xa uthethathethwano loluntu lusanda kwaye luncinci ukubonakalisa ngokweenzuzo ezibambekayo zezopolitiko, amatsha ntliziyo aqulunqa imbono yokuma kunyulo oluzayo lwamabhunga kumaqonga abanzi omanyano oludumileyo aziwa ngokuba ukuhlangana. Ukuzibophelela kwimfuno ye-Indignados "yedemokhrasi yokwenyani," aba bagqatswa batsha bajolise kubo. enye into kunokuphumelela urhulumente wasekhaya kwi-ajenda eqhubekayo.
Endaweni yoko, baye bazama ukwenza umfuniselo kwizenzo ezitsha zeziko, nalapho baye baqwalasela inqanaba likamasipala elikwinqanaba elincinane njengelinokuchaphazeleka ngakumbi kwiindlela ezithe tyaba zombutho. Injongo ibikukuqhawula amaqonga emibutho eqala phezulu kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuvulwe oorhulumente basekhaya kuthotho lwamajelo enxaxheba. Ngaphezu koko, bajonge ukusebenzisa izikhundla zabo kwiholo yesixeko ukuze baqhubeleke nokwakha enye ibloko yezentlalo ekwaziyo ukucela umngeni kumaziko oluntu kunye nesixeko ngokubanzi. Ukuqinisekisa ulongamo lukamasipala ngokuchasene ne-oligarchy yaseSpain kuya kufuna "unyawo olunye kumaziko kunye newaka esitratweni": oko kukuthi, ukuze kunyanzeliswe ngohlaziyo lwabo amabhunga abukhali kuya kufuneka ukuba akhe uthethwano loluntu kunye namandla achaseneyo ngaphaya kwamaziko ngokwawo.
Izixeko Ezingoyikiyo yeyona nto iphambili kulo mbuzo wokuqala wokulingwa kombutho, njengoko uhlalutya imingeni yokuqala ekusekweni kweqonga lothatho-nxaxheba, uhlobo lwezixhobo ezifunekayo ukuqhuba iphulo lonyulo elingekho ngokwemveli, kunye nendlela yokuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha zokuphendula kwezopolitiko kunye nokuxoxisana ukubophelela amanani kumaziko kwiprojekthi ehlangeneyo ebanzi.
Okuvelayo kwisicatshulwa kukutsaleleka okukufutshane phakathi kwabo bakhokela ezi ziseko zoomasipala: ezizezi, uloyiko lokudityaniswa nodidi lwezopolitiko okanye ukuphulukana nonxibelelwano nenyaniso yentlalo abaphuma kuyo. Ngokubhekiselele koku, isahluko esinye esibalaseleyo sijongana nokuzoba iikhowudi ezintsha zokuziphatha kunye nesidingo sokuphelisa amalungelo akhethekileyo anxulumene nokuba ngusopolitiki oqeqeshiweyo. Iinqayiti zemivuzo, imithetho engqingqwa kwiindleko, imiqathango yamaxesha, kunye nokucaciswa kwee-ajenda zamagosa zizinto eziyimfuneko ekuvuseleleni ukuzithemba kubameli boluntu.
Amacandelo amalunga nokunyanzeliswa kobufazi, okanye ukuphelisa oosolusapho, kwezopolitiko, nawo enza ukuba kufundwe okubalulekileyo. Amaqonga afana ne-BenComรบ azibophelele ekubekeni imbono yabasetyhini kumbindi we-ajenda yabo yezopolitiko kunye nesakhiwo sombutho. KuLaura Pรฉrez, intloko yeFeminism y LGTBI kwibhunga laseBarcelona, โโukulingana ngokwesini akufuneki kuqondwe ngokulula njengombuzo wokulingana kwizikhundla zezinto eziphilayo kunye noluhlu lonyulo, nangona oko kubalulekile, kodwa kunoko kufuneka kubandakanye uthotho lweendlela ezityhutyhayo. yonke inkqubo yedemokhrasi, efana nexesha elilinganayo lokuthetha kumadoda nabasetyhini kwiintlanganiso kunye nesidingo sokubandakanya imilinganiselo yesini kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo.
Iinyawo eziliwaka kwisitalato
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuthatha ipolitiki kamasipala njengeyilungele inkqubo yedemokhrasi engafihlisiyo, oomasipala nabo basibeke isixeko njengendawo ebaluleke ngobuchule yokwakhiwa kwendawo echasene nomthetho. Kwaye kulapha apho amava aseSpain athe aqhuba ngokuchasene nemida.
Ukujongana nebloc yamandla awomeleleyo, i inkqubo yedemokhrasi eyiyo ayifuni kuphela amajelo okuthatha inxaxheba kodwa kwanezihlunu zentlalo zesiseko sobunzima esilungelelanisiweyo. NjengoKate Shea Beard, omnye wabahleli be Izixeko Ezingoyikiyo, uyibeke kutsha nje nqaku:
Umasipala โฆ uyaqonda ukuba igunya alihlali kumaziko anyuliweyo kuphela; ikwasetyenziswa kumacandelo ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nenkcubeko. Koomasipala, ke ngoko, inguqu yezopolitiko โฆ kufuneka ibandakanye nokwakhiwa kwenkqubo yendalo yemibutho yezentlalo, amaphulo ezoqoqosho kunye namaziko oluntu anokuxhasa ezi ajenda zabagqatswa ngaphandle kweholo yesixeko, kwaye zibabeke uxanduva xa kuyimfuneko.
Ngapha koko, impumelelo yolonyulo ekhawulezileyo yale ntshukumo yaseSpain kunokuthiwa yantsonkotha isicwangciso esinjalo. Amaqonga afana no-BenComรบ abheje ekubeni akwazi ukuqhubeka ekhwele iliza le-Indignados e-ofisini kodwa emva kweminyaka emithathu โeshushuโ yokuhlanganisa, baqikelele kakhulu ukubakho kongquzulwano olukhulu lwentlalo. Inene, inxalenye yokubaluleka koqhankqalazo lweeteksi lwakutsha nje ibiyeyokuba ibingomnye wemizekelo embalwa kule minyaka mithathu inesiqingatha idlulileyo apho enye yee-ajenda zala mabhunga yavelisa intshukumo ebonakalayo ngaphandle kwamaziko.
Le yayiyinto eyayixutyushwa ngokuphandle ngokwenene kuphehlelelo lweencwadi lwakutshanje kuba Izixeko Ezingoyikiyo eMadrid. Njengoko usekela-sodolophu weBarcelona uGerardo Pisarello esitsho:
Kum kubonakala ngathi ingxoxo-mpikiswano ingaphezu kwayo yonke into enokwenziwa xa ukuhlanganisa ngaphandle kungamandla ngokwaneleyo. Asikhange sibe nako [ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo]. Siye saba namaxesha okuqina kwaye abanye ngaphandle [kodwa] khange sibenayo intshukumo enkulu ye โlungelo lesixekoโ ebesinethemba lokuba. Kutheni le nto le ntshukumo yentlaninge echasene nentelekelelo ingekaveliswa? Ewe, into eqinisekileyo kukuba ayikabikho kwinqanaba esinokulifuna ukumisa iinkqubo ezinjalo.
UPisarello ukhankanye enye ingcaciso enokwenzeka โyobuthathaka besitratoโ: eyile, imbono yokuba ngelixa inani elikhulu lamatsha ntliziyo kunye nabaququzeleli baye bangena kwiindima zamaziko, iintshukumo azibanga nawo amandla anzulu okuthatha indawo yazo. Abanye abafana no-Alberto Garzรณn ka-Izquierda Unida, baye balatha utshintsho oluthile lolondolozo kwimbono phakathi koluhlu olubanzi lwabemi abaye barhoxa ngakumbi kwimigangatho yokuphila ye-postcrisis.
Oku kuqukunjelwa kokuhlanganiswa kukwavelise umsantsa ocacileyo phakathi kokufikelela ngokubanzi kolunyulo lwamaqonga oomasipala kunye nokungabikho kobunzulu boluntu kwimibutho yabo yangaphakathi. Umbhida kukuba ngelixa bevelisa izinto ezintsha kakhulu malunga nemibutho ethatha inxaxheba kunye nezenzo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku basilele ukuphuhlisa njengemibutho emininzi. I-BenComรบ inokuthembela kumatsha-ntliziyo angama-1,500 kwisixeko se-1.7 yezigidi ngelixa, njengoko i-ecologist u-Yayo Herrero ebeka Izixeko Ezingoyikiyo ukuqaliswa, kwezinye izixeko โakukho mbutho [owongezelelweyo wamaziko]โ konke konke.
Njengoko uPisarello wavuma, oku kungabikho kokufikelela ekuhlaleni kunye neengcambu kuye kwashiya i-BenComรบ izama ukukhupha umyalezo wayo phakathi kohlaselo olungapheliyo lweendaba: "Ngo-2015 sasineevoti kodwa akukho mbutho. Besinabantu abavotileyo [bezichongela] uAda Colau kodwa aba bantu bebengalungelelaniswanga kwindawo abahlala kuyo.โ
Ngaphandle kwenkxaso ezinzileyo evela ezantsi, izixeko ezingoyikiyo zaseSpain ziye zasokola ukuqhubela phambili ezona zinto ziphambili zeenkqubo zazo. Imigaqo-nkqubo yamabhongo ejolise ekubuyiseleni umva ukuthengiswa kweenkonzo zikawonke-wonke, ukuqhubela phambili enye indlela yophuhliso oluqikelelwayo lolwakhiwo lwezindlu, kunye nokwaphulwa nolawulo lwe-austerity yaseSpain lwalucingela ukuba kukho amandla athile akhubekisayo anokuthi avumele ezi zixeko ukuba zikhuphisane nemida yezopolitiko nesemthethweni ebekwe kurhulumente wasekhaya. Endaweni yoko, phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu oluvela kwizikhululo zezoqoqosho kunye norhulumente ophakathi onobutshaba, kunye nokuchaswa kwezobuchwepheshe kumagosa edolophu, amabhunga abukhali ashiywe enomda omncinci wokuthatha amanyathelo.
Kolu lungelelwaniso lunzima lwamandla, uninzi lwamanyathelo akhawulezayo oluntu azisweyo ukulwa le ngxaki, kunye nohlaziyo oluyilayo kwiindawo ezingaqhubi kakhulu kwezopolitiko ezifana nokuhamba ngeenyawo kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, kufuneka zibonwe njengempumelelo yokwenene kula mabhunga. Ngokukodwa, imimiselo malunga nezindlu ezifikelelekayo eziveliswe nguBenComu, ezizisa isixeko ngokuhambelana nolawulo lwasekhohlo eParis naseLondon, lumele uloyiso oluchukumisayo olunikwe amandla okwakha kunye neendawo zokuhlala eSpain.
Ibhunga likwafuna ukunqanda iibhanki ezihlala kumagumbi angenanto; ihlawulise amaziko emali amathathu ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-euro ekuqaleni kuka-Okthobha, kwaye ivaliwe Ama-2,300 angekho mthethweni Irente zika-Airbnb (kwii-18,000 zizonke esixekweni) phakathi kowama-2016โ17. Nangona kunjalo ubungakanani bengxaki yezindlu e-Barcelona kunye nokunqongophala kwebhunga lamagunya okwazisa imimiselo ebanzi kuthetha ukuba amanyathelo anjalo awazange abe nampembelelo enkulu kwindyikityha yesixeko yokukhutshwa kwezindlu. Ngo-2017, bekukho ngaphezu kwe-2,500. Ezi ubukhulu becala bezikwicandelo lerenti, elibone ukunyuka kwama-49 epesenti kumaxabiso aphakathi ukusukela ngo-2013 ngelixa imivuzo ihlala imile.
Inkqubela phambili iye yacotha ngakumbi kumhlaba wokwenza umasipala kwakhona, owawufuna ukukhuphisana ngokuthe ngqo amandla kunye nelungelo le-elites yaseSpain ngokuthatha izibonelelo zoluntu phantsi kolawulo lukamasipala. Inkqubo ye-BenComรบ ayiqulathanga kuphela ukuzinikela ngokubanzi kulo mgaqo-nkqubo kodwa izibhambathiso ezithe ngqo zokuthatha uncedo lwamanzi nolwasekhaya phantsi kolawulo njengeenkonzo eziqhutywa esidlangalaleni. Ukanti ngo-2017 ibhunga labhengeza kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza umasipala kwakhona le nkonzo yamva inikwe izithintelo ezisemthethweni zokubandakanya abasebenzi babucala abakhoyo njengabaqeshwa bakarhulumente. Endaweni yoko ibhunga ligxile ekuphuculeni iimeko ezimaxongo zaba bongi bangama-2,600.
Umba wamanzi ngoku kuza kufuneka ulinde de kube semva konyulo lonyaka ozayo, logama ibhunga nalo likubeke kwacaca ukuba musa ukufuna ukubuyisela ulawulo Ukucoca ezitalatweni kunye neenkonzo zokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, ezithi xa zidibene zenze i-10 lepesenti yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwebhunga. Kwikomkhulu, ithemba lokuba iqonga likaManuela Carmena i-Ahora Madrid liza kufuna ukubuyisela ezo nkonzo zinkulu, ikhokelele kwiphulo leendaba elithatha unyaka wonke elibonisa ucoceko esixekweni njengelikhululekileyo kunye nokuqaqambisa izoyikiso ezazikhokelelwa ngurhulumente ngelo xesha. yi-Partito Popular egcinayo, ingacela umngeni ukuba semthethweni kwezicwangciso zabo. Ukutyikitya izivumelwano ezintsha zeminyaka emine zizonke 700 million i-euro kunye nababoneleli bequmrhu, ibhunga ligxininise inkcitho yalo eyongeziweyo ngelixa ligudileyo kwinto yokuba isaza kuqhutywa ngokuthandwa ngusozigidigidi uFlorentino Perez wokwakha kunye neenkonzo conglomerate Grupo ACS.
Iinkonzo ezithile ezincinci ziye zenziwa oomaspala eBarcelona naseMadrid, ngakumbi iinkonzo zomngcwabo wezixeko. La mabhunga mabini nawo aqalise iinkqubo zokulinga into ayibiza ngokuba โluqoqosho lwentlalo,โ enikezela ngezivumelwano ezincinci (eMadrid zizonke ezisisi-4.8 sezigidi zeeyuro) kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zentsebenziswano yoluntu. E-Barcelona, โโโโi-Colau ithathe izicwangciso ishiyelwe ngaphambili iziko-ilungelo ulawulo ukwenza inkampani yamandla kamasipala esekelwe umatshini wokutshisa wesixeko kwaye yandise umda wayo ukuze iquke uthungelwano oluqhutywa luluntu lweepaneli zelanga. Ukwathembise ngokubhekisa ezi zibonelelo ekulweni indlala yamandla.
La ngamaphulo ahlukeneyo kodwa abalulekile. Nangona kunjalo umfanekiso obanzi ngowokuba emva kweminyaka emithathu enesiqingatha esesikhundleni la mabhunga abukhali aye asilela ubukhulu becala ukucela umngeni kwimodeli ekhoyo yeenkonzo zikamasipala ezisekelwe kurhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nokwenza ingeniso.
Uloyiso oluncinci
Le mida kumava Spanish azixoxwa kumbhalo we Izixeko Ezingoyikiyo. Ngokuyinxenye oku kunokuchazwa ngokuqulunqa umasipala njengombutho wehlabathi kunye nendlela yokuthelekisa le ncwadi. Nangona kunjalo uphuhliso loomasipala be-radical ngaphandle kwe-Spain ubukhulu becala luyi-inchoate kwaye i-Barcelona ithathwa njengomthwali osemgangathweni wezopolitiko ezisezidolophini kumazwe ngamazwe; ngolo hlobo, into yokuba akukho gumbi linikwayo kuvavanyo lwehlabathi jikelele malunga nokubandakanyeka kweziko le mibutho ngoko kubonakala njengento ephosiweyo lithuba. Oku kwenzeka ngokukodwa xa kujongwa inani elingafaniyo labanegalelo ngamalungu e-BenComรบ.
Endaweni yoko, isicatshulwa sahlulwe sangamacandelo amathathu: ukuvula okufutshane kwiikhonsepthi ezisisiseko zikamasipala kunye namacandelo amabini amade anikezela ngohlalutyo lwezixhobo zombutho kunye namanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo. Le yokugqibela ibonelela ngemizekelo engaphezulu kwamashumi amahlanu โyemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu eguquguqukayoโ ethathwe ikakhulu eSpain kodwa nakwizifundo zamazwe ngamazwe ukusuka ePortland, eOregon ukuya eRosario, eArgentina. Nangona sisalatha kwisakhono sala maphulo akhokelwa ngamatshantliziyo ekuphuhliseni iindlela zokuyila kuluhlu lwemiba, asibonelelwanga ngomxholo onokusivumela ukuba silinganise amandla okanye ubunzulu beentshukumo eziziphumezayo. Ngaba ezi zinto ziye zazuzwa nzima kodwa zilodwa, okanye ubungqina bezifundo zezopolitiko ezinokuthi zikwazi ukwenza inguqu ebanzi eluntwini?
Eyona ngxaki ngakumbi kukuba le ncwadi inika ingxoxo encinci kwinqanaba lesicwangciso sezopolitiko. Kunoko Izixeko Ezingoyikiyo yakha intsingiselo ebanzi yale migaqo-nkqubo ngokomfanekiso wayo. Enye yeengcamango ezingundoqo zale ncwadi yeyokuba, nangona amalinge acacileyo nangenamkhethe, okuphembelela uqoqosho lwentlalo okanye ukuwisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluthabatha inxaxheba โayikuphuculi nje ubomi babantu kuphelaโ kodwa ikwabonisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezizezinye ezinokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo eziphambili. Ngexesha lobumnyama kunye nokunyuka kwamalungelo agqithisileyo, "ukuqala ukwakha iiprojekthi ezibambekayo kunye nokuphumelela amadabi amancinci ... yindlela elungileyo yokubonisa ukusuka ngoku amandla esixeko sekamva."
Ukuqokelela ngokucacileyo uloyiso oluncinci, ngakumbi kumanqanaba okuqala, ngundoqo ekudaleni uluvo lokuba nokwenzeka kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi yezopolitiko. Kodwa ngokuqinisekisa amalinge kamasipala ngale ndlela, abanegalelo bathanda ukudlula kwingxaki yobuchule yokuba le ntshukumo, ukuya phambili, ingaba nethemba lokuloyisa njani igunya (kwaye ingeyiyo iofisi kuphela). Umnqweno wenguqu wale ntshukumo ucacile kodwa ngaziphi iindlela abanethemba lokusungula ikhefu eliphangaleleyo nesixeko seniyoliberal?
Amava aseSpain acebisa ukuba indlela yohlaselo olukhawulezileyo lonyulo idala ukuchasana okukhulu. Umceli mngeni wokudibanisa iofisi kunye nomsebenzi wesigulana โwokuququzelela isixekoโ ube mkhulu kakhulu kwizinto ezintsha nezingenamava. Ngokucacileyo ukurhoxa kukhuphiswano lonyulo kuyakuncama iLungelo kodwa ukuba oomasipala bajonge enye into engaphaya kokulawula โelona nqanaba lisezantsiโ kwinqanaba likarhulumente, kufuneka bagxile kwenye indawo.
Ngokwethiyori bayakuqonda oku kodwa njengoko uJosep Maria Antentas eyenzile kuphawulwe kwi Jacobin, ubunzima babo bonyulo kudala baba ngumthombo wabo oyintloko. Njengoko kuvela imizabalazo emitsha, efana nokunyuka koqhanqalazo lwakutsha nje phakathi kwabasebenzi ababuthathaka, la mabhunga kuya kufuneka akhangele iindlela zokuzibandakanya kunye nokwenza unxulumano olunzulu noluntu. Kwezinye izixeko, njengeMadrid, kunokuthatha ilahleko yeofisi ukwenza inkqubo enjalo yokuhlaziya isiseko sabo.
Nase-Barcelona, โโapho uthethathethwano lweziko lube nentlawulo ephezulu, indlela eya phambili ayicacanga. Oku kwashwankathelwa ngobuchule nguMarcelo Expรณsito, iLungu lePalamente le-En Comรบ-Podem, e. ukwaziswa of Izixeko Ezingoyikiyo:
Xa wabuzwa umbuzo othi, โKwenzeka ntoni kumaziko xa kubonakala ngathi akukho nto yenzekayo,โ [usekela-mongameli waseBolivia uรlvaro Garcรญa Linera] waphendula wathi: โSifumana ixesha elingakumbi ukuze sibone enoba ikho into eza kwenzeka.โ Siyaphikisana kakhulu malunga nokuba kungakanani esikwazile ukukwenza kodwa kufuneka sibale izinto esiye sazilungisa ukuze sizithintele kwaye sizivalele โฆ zininzi. Kanye ngalo mzuzu xa kumaziko ewodwa akunakwenzeka kwaye kukho into engekhoyo, amaxesha amaninzi indima karhulumente kukuvala ixesha lokuphumelela de sibone ukuba yintoni evelayo.
Ngethuba nje le "into engaphezulu" ihluleka ukwenzeka, i-BenComรบ iya kufuneka izinelise ngeempumelelo ezincinci ezishiya ubukhulu becala imodeli evelele yeso sixeko.
U-Eoghan Gilmartin ngumbhali, umguquleli kunye noJacobin onegalelo elisekelwe eMadrid. Ukwalilungu lePodemos.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela