Ehlabathini jikelele, abantu bacula 'Abasetyhini, Ubomi, Inkululeko' ngokubambisana noqhankqalazo lwabasetyhini e-Iran - belubiza 'lwenguqu yokuqala yobufazi ehlabathini'. Akunjalo, uyaphikisana URahila Gupta, njengoko ehlola i-precursor yayo: i-Kurdish feminist revolution eRojava.
Ukubulawa kukaJina Mahsa Amini, umfazi waseKurdish wase-Iranian owavumela i-wisp yeenwele ukuba ibaleke kwi-hijab yakhe, ngamapolisa okuziphatha nge-16 Septemba 2022, kutshise izitrato zase-Iran ngoxinzelelo olusongela ukuhla. ulawulo lwamaSilamsi.
Abasetyhini kwihlabathi jikelele bebesenza uqhanqalazo lomanyano kunye nezithethe zokucheba iinwele. Ndinqumle iqhaga leenwele zam kwiPiccadilly Circus yaseLondon kumsitho owawuququzelelwa nguMaryam Namazie, itshantliziyo laseIran, osuka. Iphulo lomthetho omnye kubo bonke.
Umdla wemidiya ukwinqanaba eliphezulu. Inkxaso yaseNtshona yokuvukela e-Iran ichazwe ngu Jacobin magazine 'njengohlobo "lwe-impiriyali enqamlezileyo" efuna ukuthethelela ukunyuka komkhosi nozakuzo kunye ne-Iran egameni lenkululeko yabasetyhini “kububharbhari” bamaSilamsi. Abaphembeleli baseIran, nangona kunjalo, bathi akwanelanga ukuba kwenziwe kwahlulwa urhulumente wase-Iran.
Kwihlombe eliphakamileyo lemvukelo yaseIran, ezinye iinyaniso ezibalulekileyo ziyalahleka. Kudliwanondlebe kwi Umgcini, Umbhali waseIran uShiva Akhavan Rad, ubhekisa kwisilogeni Zan, Zindagi, Azadi (uMfazi, uBomi, iNkululeko) ngaphandle kokukhankanya ukuba oku ngokwenene kuthatyathwe kwimvelaphi Jin, Jiyan, Azadi: isilogeni saseKurd esichasa ukufa komfazi ongumKurdish, uJina Amini.
Esi ayisosenzo sokubeka amanqaku ehlelo, kodwa kukuvuma ukuba amaKurds aliqaqobana elicinezelwe ngokwembali eIran nangaphaya komda waseSyria, eIraq naseTurkey, kwaye imizabalazo yawo mayingaqhubeki ingabonakali.
Ukuba esi sizathu siye samkelwa ngabantu base-Irani komeleza inkcaso kurhulumente wengcinezelo yeli lizwe. Kodwa yimimandla yaseKurdish yaseIran, eyaziwa ngokuba yiRojhelat ngesiKurdish, ethwele ubunzima bobundlavini bolawulo.
Oku kundizisa kwi-trope yesibini: ukuba intshukumo yoqhanqalazo e-Iran 'yinguqulelo yokuqala yobufazi emhlabeni'. Eneneni, hayi. I revolution yokuqala yobufazi ehlabathini iyaqhubeka e Rojava, enyakatho-mpuma yeSiriya, ekhokelwa ngabafazi baseKurdish (kunye namadoda) ukususela ngo-2012. Kulapha ukuba isilogeni, Jin, Jiyan, Azadi yaqala ukwenziwa yaduma.
Uguqulo lwabasetyhini baseRojava aluzange lugqunywe kumajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo, mhlawumbi ngokuhlonela iTurkey, ihlakani le-NATO, elibona intshukumo yokuzimisela kweKurdish 'njengobunqolobi' - kwaye iqhubhisa iRojava ngexesha lokubhala. Okwangoku, intshukumo yoqhanqalazo enokuthi ihlise ulawulo lwamaSilamsi e-Iran ifumana ukhuselo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili: kuba i-Iran lutshaba olungenakonakala lwaseNtshona.
Jin, Jiyan, Azadi
Isilogeni esasingaziwa kangako phambi kokubhubha kukaJina Amini, kwaye sasiculwa ngochulumanco kwiindibano zezopolitiko zamaKurd, ngoku siphindaphinda kwiiholo zeentlanganiso kunye noqhanqalazo kwihlabathi liphela. Ithuba lokuxoxa ngemvelaphi yalo lithuba lokuphakamisa ulwazi ngeRojava kwaye ngoko ukwamkelwa kwendawo yonke kwesi silogeni luphuhliso oluhle.
Ukanti amabhinqa angamaKurd alumkisa ngengozi yokuba amazwi angento yanto. Njengoko uDilar Dirik, isifundiswa saseKurdish kunye netshantliziyo, waphawula kwinkomfa eyayiququzelelwe ngabafazi baseKurdish eBerlin ngoNovemba ka-2022: 'Izilogeni ezinoguquko kunye neempawu ziya zisanda kuthengiswa, ziveliswe ngobuninzi, zingabi nantsingiselo yazo, kwaye zithengiswe ngeplastiki kwa aba bantu banikele ngobomi babo bedala ezi nqobo zisemgangathweni.'
Jin, Jiyan, Azadi yaqala ukuculwa nge-8 Matshi 2006 ngo Imiboniso yoSuku lwaManina lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ngabafazi baseKurdish kwizixeko kulo lonke elaseTurkey. Ngaphakathi kwi-Kurdish inkululeko yenkululeko, amagama athiwa ngu-Abdullah Öcalan, inkokeli evalelweyo ye-Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) oye wahlala yedwa entolongweni yaseTurkey ukususela ngo-1999. Wasebenzisa kwi-1993, kungekhona njengesilogeni, kodwa njengentshukumo ebuhlungu yeenjongo zombutho.
Jin ligama lesiKurdish lomfazi kunye nengcambu ye Jineolojî (okanye 'inzululwazi yabasetyhini') ecetywe ngu-Öcalan. Imbali yakhe yenguqu yaqala ngeMarxism-Leninism kunye nemfuno yelizwe elizimeleyo-ilizwe laseKurdistan kwi-1978, xa wamisa i-PKK eTurkey. Noko ke, indlela ocinga ngayo uÖcalan yavela entolongweni. Ephenjelelwe ngokuyinxenye ziimbono zika-Murray Bookchin kumasipala ongqongqo, uÖcalan wayeka urhulumente njengeziko lemveli elinobuhedeni, elinobundlobongela nelichasene nedemokhrasi, ekhetha umfuziselo wokuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu abazilawulayo awawubiza ngokuba 'yimanyano yedemokhrasi'.
Kunye nokuchaswa kwamanani, uÖcalan wakholelwa ukuba abafazi ngabona bahamba phambili kuhlaziyo. Uluhlu lokufunda luka-Öcalan entolongweni lwaluquka imisebenzi yobufazi kaJudith Butler noMaria Mies leyo, kunye neengxoxo zakhe ezinde kunye nabaguquli be-feminist baseKurdish njengoSakine Cansiz, bakholelwa ukuba baphembelela iinkolelo zakhe zobufazi.
Ngaphandle kokufuna ukunciphisa igalelo kunobangela wobufazi ka-Öcalan kunye namaqabane akhe angamaKurdish, kubalulekile ukubonakalisa ukuba indaleko ye-Öcalan yayinokwenzeka na ngaphandle kokuphuma kwethiyori kunye nentshukumo ebanzi yobufazi-amaza esibini. Kukudityaniswa kwemibono okuyolisayo. Imbono yamazwe ngamazwe yamaKurdish feminists ibonakaliswe kulwazi lwabo loluhlu lweengcinga zaseNtshona, ukuncoma okungabuyiswanga - okuqhelekileyo kwe-orientalism yaseNtshona enqabileyo ephikisana neengcamango kunye neengcamango ezivela kwi-Global South.
Ku-Öcalan, 'Inkululeko yabasetyhini ixabiseke ngakumbi kunenkululeko yelizwe'.
Ukholelwa ekubeni emva kweenguqu zabasebenzi nemizabalazo yenkululeko yesizwe yenkulungwane ye-19 neye-20, inkulungwane yama-21 yimvukelo yamanina. Ukugqwesa kwabasetyhini, ukugxininiswa kwenkululeko yethu njengommiselo wenkululeko yoluntu lonke, ingcamango eqhuba i-revolution eRojava kwaye ivuselela intshukumo yeKurdish yokuzikhethela.
Olu hlahlelo lwemihla yokugqibela lukaNelson Mandela malunga nolawulo lobuhlanga lumi ngokulingana nalo naluphi na uhlobo lobufazi, kwaye isikhundla sakhe asizange sibekho ngaphambili phakathi kweenkokeli ezingamadoda zomzabalazo wenkululeko.
'Umahluko webhayoloji yowasetyhini usetyenziswa njengesizathu sokukhotyokiswa kwakhe,' ubhala esitsho. 'Wonke umsebenzi awenzayo uthathwa njengento nje kwaye ubizwa ngokuba "umsebenzi womfazi" ongafanelanga.
'Ubukho bakhe kuluntu kuthiwa abuvunyelwa lunqulo, buziintloni ngokuziphatha; ngokuthe ngcembe, uzimele geqe kuzo zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo zentlalo… Ngoko ke, uluvo “lwesini esibuthathaka” luba yinkolelo ekwabelwana ngayo. Enyanisweni, uluntu aluyithathi nje ibhinqa njengesini esahlukileyo ngokwebhayoloji kodwa phantse njengohlanga, isizwe okanye udidi olwahlukileyo - esona sizwe sicinezelweyo, isizwe okanye udidi: akukho hlanga, didi okanye isizwe siphantsi kobukhoboka obucwangcisiweyo njengokungakhathali.'
U-Öcalan wafumana igama elithi feminism linciphisa: lijolise kwingcinezelo yabasetyhini ngamadoda, ngaloo ndlela isilela ukuthabatha onke amagalelo enziwe ngabasetyhini kwimbali, uluntu kunye nobomi.
'Icebisa intsingiselo yokuba ungumfazi nje ocinezelweyo wendoda eyongamileyo. Nangona kunjalo inyaniso yabasetyhini ibanzi ngakumbi kunoko kwaye ibandakanya ezinye iintsingiselo ezingaphaya kwesini kunye nemilinganiselo yezoqoqosho, intlalo kunye nezopolitiko.'
Kwiintlanganiso namatshantliziyo ezopolitiko amaKurd entolongweni ngo-2014, uye wacacisa: 'Ubufazi kufuneka bube yintshukumo echasene nenkqubo kwaye izihlambulule kwiziphumo zenkululeko. UJineolojî uya kuba negalelo koku.'
Wawunyusela kwiwonga lenzululwazi, isifundo esifanelwe kukufundwa njengazo naziphi na ezinye, ezifana nesosiyoloji okanye i-pedagogy, 'iology'. Ekuphela kwesizathu, wathi, le nzululwazi ayizange ibekho kungenxa yokuba ukuveliswa kolwazi kuye kwaphambuka kulawulo lwamadoda.
Imbono ka-Öcalan ye-feminism njengemvukelo yekholoni endala i-turbocharges Jineolojî njengesixhobo sokususa ubukholoni kwikharityhulam ngokwembono yesini, kungekhona imbono eqhelekileyo eBritani apho ukuchithwa kwekoloni ikakhulu malunga nobuhlanga.
Ngelixa i-Öcalan iza kuzukiswa ngokuqulunqa imigaqo yokuqala ye-Jineolojî, ngabafazi baseKurdish abaye baqhubeka bephuhlisa kwaye bongeza i-nuance kuyo, ngokuyinxenye kulwazi olusebenzayo olufunyenwe kwi-activism yabo kunye namava okuseka i-revolution yabasetyhini e-Rojava e. 2012. Iingxoxo zaqala phakathi kwabavukeli ababhinqileyo kwiintaba zaseKurdistan phambi kokuba zisasazeke kulo lonke uluntu.
Kukho iikomiti zeJineolojî kuzo zonke iindawo ezine zaseKurdistan, eYurophu naseRashiya. Kukwakho neenkomfa ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphuhlisa ithiyori zabo. UDilar Dirik unike amaphepha ambalwa kuphela kuJineolojî kwincwadi yakhe yamva nje engeKurdish Women's Movement kuba 'yinkqubo ehlala ivelela kwaye ukuyichaza kakhulu kunokunciphisa indalo yayo'.
Ukuzimela kunye nomzabalazo wezixhobo
Ekuqaleni kwengqungquthela yesithathu ye-PKK kwi-1986, kwaziswa ukuba intlangano yabasetyhini abazimeleyo iya kusekwa. Ngo-1987, kwasekwa iKurdistan Patriotic Women Union (YJWK). Eli qela labamba iingxoxo zokuqala zethiyori malunga nokuxhaphazwa koosolusapho, inkululeko yabasetyhini kunye nokwakhiwa kwentlalo yabasetyhini kunye nendima yabo kusapho.
Ezi ngcamango zamiselwa nguÖcalan kwincwadi yakhe, Owasetyhini kunye noMba woSapho eKurdistan (ayifumaneki ngesiNgesi).
Ukusekwa kwephiko labasetyhini elixhobileyo ngo-1993, kwiinzame zombutho ozimeleyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zemisebenzi yezopolitiko, kwavelisa ukuqonda kunye nolwazi olutsha.
Abafazi babesilwela nje kuphela ukuzimisela kwamaKurd kumzabalazo wezigalo ezintabeni, bakwaxhathisa isimo sengqondo soosolusapho bamaqabane abo angamadoda kumbutho wabanqolobi.
Oku kubenze bakuqonda ukubaluleka kokulwela inkululeko yabasetyhini kunye nedabi lenkululeko yodidi nolwesizwe.
Ngenxa yogxininiso olwabekwa nguÖcalan kwinkululeko yabasetyhini, oku kwakungengomcimbi wokuhlehliswa de kube semva kwesisombululo sombuzo wamaKurd. Esi yayisisifundo esibalulekileyo esithathwe kwimizabalazo yangaphambili yenkululeko yesizwe ngokuchasene namagunya obukoloniyali, ngakumbi e-Asiya naseAfrika, apho abafazi bacelwa ukuba bahlehlise imizabalazo yabo de ibe emva kokuba inkululeko yafunyanwa. Abasetyhini baqala ukuququzelela ezixekweni, apho baye baqonda ubume be-solusapho yobungxowankulu bale mihla.
'Ingcamango “yoqhawulo-mtshato olungunaphakade”, ejolise ekwenzeni umba wenkululeko ubonakale kumfazi nakwindoda, yaba linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokwenza ukuba zombini izini ziqonde ubunyani bazo,' njengoko incwadana engoJineolojî icacisa. Ithiyori ka-Öcalan 'Yokubulala Indoda Elawulayo' - ejongene nobudoda obuyityhefu - isekelwe kwimizabalazo yabasetyhini yokuzikhulula kwingcinezelo yamadoda.
Itheko lokuqala labasetyhini (PJKK) lasekwa ngoMatshi 1999, kamsinya nje emva kokubanjwa kuka-Öcalan, ukuze kulungiswe indlela awayezisola ngayo ngokungazange ayilethe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Iqela liye lalahla ireferensi eKurdistan kunyaka olandelayo kwaye baziqamba ngokutsha ngokuba yi-PJA (Iqela laMafama laMahala), ukubonakalisa ukuba bonke abafazi bazo zonke izizwe kunye nemvelaphi bamkelekile ukuba bajoyine, ukubandakanywa okudlula ubuzwe obumxinwa obusekwe kwisazisi sobuhlanga.
I-dynamism yentshukumo ibonakaliswe kwinani lemibutho eyahlukeneyo ethe yasekwa kwiminyaka eyi-20 edlulileyo, kunye nenani lokuguqulwa kwamagama ukubonisa ama-nuances ezikhundla zezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, yisuphu yealfabhethi yokwenyani ekufuneka ihlaziywe kuphela ngabaphengululi abazimiseleyo bentshukumo.
Umbindi weprojekthi yeJineolojî yinzame yokufezekisa inguqu kwinzululwazi yezentlalo, ezithi ziyimveliso ecwangcisiweyo yolwazi lwenyani ephilayo, injongo, ingqiqo, isifundo senzululwazi sokuziphatha kwabantu kunye nobudlelwane boluntu. 'I-Jineolojî yinzululwazi ezalwa ngenxa yokuchaswa kwenzululwazi eqhelekileyo,' itsho le ncwadana.
Ibala iindawo apho abafazi badlale indima engundoqo kodwa baye batyibilika ngezantsi kwembali, igxininisa ukuba 'abafazi abayontlenga eluntwini, kodwa bangundoqo'. Umsebenzi wayo kukubonelela ngeziseko zeengcamango zenkqubo egxile kubasetyhini kwaye isebenzisana nezifundo ezilithoba: imbali, imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nobuhle, idemografi, impilo, imfundo, ukuzikhusela, uqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye ne-ecology.
Okubalulekileyo, i-Jineolojî yitemplate yesenzo, indlela esekelwe kwizisombululo ebeka ukusekwa komanyano lwentando yesininzi, kunye nabasetyhini kwiziko, njengendlela yodwa yokulwa ingcinezelo yongxowankulu kunye ne-patriarchal.
Positivism kwidokhi
I-Positivism inikwa ixesha elinzima nguJineolojî. Ukuthembela kweNtshona kubungqina obusekwe kubungqina, iinyaniso ezinenjongo kunye nemigaqo yenzululwazi, kwinto enobungqina, kwaye ekhanyela ukufaneleka kwezinye iindlela zokufunda kunye nobulumko bemveli, igxekwa ngenxa yombono wayo omfutshane. UJineolojî uphonononga indlela inzululwazi, ekubonakala ukuba ayinazimvakalelo kwaye inengqondo, yonakaliswe ngamandla, ubuhlanga kunye nobuhlanga.
Ngelixa evuma imilinganiselo engafanelekanga yoosolusapho efakwe kwizifundo ezifana neentsomi, inkolo kunye nefilosofi, uJineolojî ukholelwa ukuba kukho iinyaniso eziqulethwe kuzo ekungafanelanga ukuba zilahlwe yi-positivism njengoko yaphuhliswa ngenkulungwane ye-17 yaseYurophu.
Kwangelo xesha linye, ubulumko besintu basetyhini njengamaxhwele babubonwa njengesisongelo eluntwini kwaye indlela yokuziphatha yabasetyhini yohlwaywa ngokutshiswa ngobuninzi 'kwamagqwirha', imbali ngoku efunyenweyo kwaye ichazwa ngokutsha ngababhali abafana noSilvia Federici Caliban kunye neGqwirha njengenxalenye yohambo ukusuka kwi-feudalism ukuya kwi-capitalism.
U-Jineolojî ubuza amabango amakhulu enzelwe ukuKhanya, egxeka imigaqo ye-positivism eyabunjwa ngayo. Ibuza ukuqhekeka kweenzululwazi zentlalo kunye nexabiso leengcali ezifana nezoqoqosho, i-sociology, imbali kunye nefilosofi, xa ulwazi kufuneka luphelele kwaye lungabonakali.
'Izinto eziphathekayo ezingqongqo' ze-positivism zibonwa njengento ehlehla ngakumbi kune-metaphysics kunye nenkolo. Ukanti kwithiyori ka-Öcalan 'yokugqabhuka okuthathu', indima edlalwa lunqulo ekukhuthazeni ukukhuthaza oosolusapho ifuna ukuhlalutywa ngokucokisekileyo. Kwincwadana yakhe ethetha ngenguquko yabasetyhini, Ukukhulula Ubomi, U-Öcalan uqhubela phambili ingcamango yakhe 'yokuqhambuka ngokwesondo kathathu' yokukhotyokiswa kwamabhinqa kunye nenkululeko ekugqibeleni.
Ukuqhekeka kokuqala, okanye ukuguquka, kwakukunyuka kwe-patriarchy xa amaxesha e-Neolithic aphela kwaye 'impucuko yamanani' yavela; ukugqabhuka okwesibini ngokwesini yayikukuqiniswa kosolusapho ngeengcamango zonqulo.
Kunjengokuba uÖcalan esithi: ‘Ukuphatha abafazi njengabaphantsi ngoku kwaba ngumyalelo ongcwele wothixo’. Uqhawulo lwesithathu luseza, ukuphela kobudoda okanye njengoko Öcalan ibeka 'ukubulala indoda elawulayo', emalunga nokulungisa ubudoda ukuze ingabi sazichaza ngokunxulumene namandla ayo phezu kwabasetyhini.
Amabango kwizinto ezikhethekileyo
Incwadana yeJineolojî inethemba lokucacisa indlela 'indlela kaJineolojî eyahluke ngayo kweminye imisinga yengcinga'.
Yilapho inkathazo iqala khona - ibeka phantsi i-gauntlet kwi-feminists ukuphendula, kunye nemizekelo ye-feminist theory egubungela umhlaba ofanayo noJineolojî. Abaninzi bethu, abangabambisene bentshukumo, baye basetyenziswa leli bango, ngokukodwa njengoko kukho imicu emininzi ye-feminism eNtshonalanga ukuba zonke iindlela zethiyori eJineolojî sele zichazwe ngabasetyhini ngexesha elithile.
Ekwenzeni ibango layo kwizinto ezikhethekileyo, iJineolojî ibonakala idibanisa ubufazi baseNtshona njengenkululeko enkulu ngaphandle kokuqaphela imicu engaphezulu.
UDilar Dirik ugxeka indlela yobufazi ekhululekileyo yokutshintsha komntu ngamnye kunye nemithetho esemthethweni yokutshintsha 'njengeendlela zokudityaniswa kweengcamango ezithi zixolise iintshukumo endaweni yokuguqula inkqubo'. Oku kugxekwa kwakhona kuchazwa ngabasetyhini ababhalisela iimbono ezibukhali, ezobusoshiyali okanye zikaMarxist.
Kodwa, njengoko i-feminists yamaKurd ibonisa ngokufanelekileyo, olu luhlu lweembono luye lwaqhuba ukuhlukana kwe-feminism yamazwe ngamazwe, ngelixa i-Jineolojî iye yakwazi ukudibanisa izinto zezi nkqubo zengcinga ezahlukeneyo kwisakhelo esinye emva kokuba abafazi baseKurdish behlangene. Isikhundla sabo esichasene norhulumente, umzekelo, siye sazisa abantu abaninzi be-anarchists bethontelana kunobangela.
Abanye baye batsalwa kugxininiso olulinganayo olubekwe ekutshintsheni inkqubo kunye nesiqu sakho, ngamnye emi kubudlelwane be-symbiotic kwenye, kunye nethiyori ye xwebûn, okanye ukuba kunye nokuba nguwe - ngokungafaniyo ne-Marxism yakudala eyayicebise ukuba umntu wakhiwe bubudlelwane beklasi kwaye xa inkqubo itshintshile iya kubumba umlingiswa womntu kubumba oluqhubela phambili.
Incwadana ethetha ngeRevolutionary Education ithi: 'Asinakusuka nje senze revolution yenzeke ngokutshintsha inkqubo size silindele ukuba inkqubo iya kubatshintsha abantu abakuyo. Siyabona ngokwembali ukuba oku akwanelanga.'
Inxalenye 'yenkululeko' ye Jin, Jiyan, Azadi Isilogeni sikwasingisele ekutshintsheni isimo sengqondo kumadoda nabasetyhini. UÖcalan uthi: 'Ukutshintsha indoda kubalulekile kubomi obukhululekileyo. UDilar Dirik usixelela ukuba ingcamango yenkululeko yabasetyhini ayisosikhokelo ebekelwe abafazi kuphela. Ikwafundiswa kumaqela angamadoda, amandla abo okulwa avavanywa ngendlela abajongana ngayo nenkululeko yabasetyhini kunye nokuzibandakanya kwabo 'nengxaki yenkululeko yamadoda'.
Kwi-imeyile, i-Academy yaseJineolojî yachaza ukuba enye yezihloko zabo eziphambili zophando ngoku kuhlalutyo 'lwe-co-life' (hevjiyana azad) nobudoda obubalaseleyo. Indlela yokwakha amandla enkululeko endaweni yokubakho ubukhoboka kubo bonke, kubandakanywa ubudlelwane bezesondo phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda.
Njengoko uHavin Guneser, umguquleli wemisebenzi ka-Öcalan eyisa kwisiNgesi, ebonisa kwincwadi yakhe, Ubugcisa Benkululeko: 'Into esiyibonayo kukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini buthathwa njengesizinda sangasese, kodwa, ngokwenene, yindawo yokuqala kunye neyona nto iphambili yenkqubo yekholoni.'
Ngelixa iifeminist zaseNtshona zihlalutye ubudoda obuyityhefu, umsebenzi wokutshintsha amadoda kunye neengqondo zabo zobudoda ubonwa njengomsebenzi wamadoda hayi uxanduva lwabasetyhini. Kukho imibutho yabasetyhini eseke iinkqubo zabenzi bobubi, ezifana nolawulo lomsindo, ezijoliswe kumadoda athe anobundlobongela ngakumaqabane awo.
Ukubaluleka kwenguqu yobuqu kumadoda nabasetyhini ngelixa kwangaxeshanye bebandakanyeka kumzabalazo wokutshintsha inkqubo kunye nokuchasana nongxowankulu, ukuchasana norhulumente kunye nokugxila kwi-ecological, sisithethe sezopolitiko esihambelanayo esingazange sisibone. ngaphambili. 'Iyala ukukhetha phakathi kwezinto eziphathekayo, ezithatha into njengento epheleleyo, okanye inkolelo, ethatha umxholo njengento epheleleyo.'
Ugxininiso kwiindlela zokuziphatha kunye nobuhle njengesiseko esisisiseko sembono kunye nezenzo zeJineolojî nazo aziqhelekanga kumzabalazo wenkululeko. Oku kubonwa ngabaxhasi bayo ukuba bahluke kakhulu okwahlula iJineolojî kwinzululwazi kunye nokuqonda okuphambili kweenzululwazi zentlalo. Ubuhle abukho malunga nokubonakala bunomtsalane emadodeni kodwa buphinda buqondwe njengento efanayo nenkululeko, inkcubeko kunye neenqobo ezisesikweni.
U-Öcalan uyichaza ngolu hlobo le nto: ‘Olwayo ukhululeka, lowo ukhululekileyo uba yinzwakazi, inzwakazi iyathandwa’. Ubuhle kufuneka buziswe ngokuzibophelela kubulungisa, ukuzimela, inyaniso kunye nenkululeko.
UZozan Sima, osuka kwi-Jineolojî Academy eRojava, uyanaba kwingxelo ka-Ocalan: 'Abafazi, abenza idemokhrasi kwezopolitiko, abafazi, ababeka ubomi babo esichengeni ukukhusela uluntu kunye nabanye abafazi, abafazi abazifundisayo kunye nabo babangqongileyo, abafazi abahlala ngokudibeneyo, abafazi. abagcina ulungelelwaniso lwendalo, abafazi abasokolayo ukukhulisa abantwana kumazwe akhululekileyo, kunye nezazisi zabo, kunye nabanye abaninzi ngabasetyhini ababa bahle ngomzabalazo.
'Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje lizele bububi, ukungabikho kokusesikweni nobubi, asilulo uhlobo lobuhle olubonakalayo, olongezelelekileyo olubumba ubuhle; abafazi kuphela abakhusela ubomi ngomzabalazo unokudala ubuhle. Ngale ndlela, ngaba kukho into entle ngakumbi kunabafazi abancinci abalwa ne-Daesh fascism?'
Kodwa la mabango ezinto ezikhethekileyo akakholisi uNadje Al-Ali no-Isabel Käser, izifundiswa zabasetyhini.
Kwisincoko sabo, 'Ngaphandle koBufazi? UJineolojî kunye neKurdish Women's Freedom Movement', babeka iJineolojî ngaphakathi kwethiyori yembono, imbono exhobisa amaqela ahlelelekileyo ngokuqinisekisa ulwazi oluveliswe kwizikhundla zabo.
Bakwalatha kwiifeminist zamazwe ngamazwe ezicela umngeni kubini phakathi kwe-secularism kunye nengokomoya elixhaphakileyo kwingcamango yaseNtshona kwaye babalise inani labasetyhini abaye bagxeka inzululwazi yezentlalo kwaye bazinikele ekuvumbululeni iimbali zabasetyhini.
Kwinqanaba elinye, oku kukufunda.
Ukuba i-Jineolojî ibonelela ngethempleyithi yenguquko yokuqala kunye nekuphela kwayo yabasetyhini emhlabeni, ibango layo lokuzikhethela lithetheleleka ngokupheleleyo. Kutheni le nto kufanelekile ukuba kukho ukudibana okanye akunjalo neminye imicu yengcinga yobufazi? Ngokuqinisekileyo yinzululwazi yoguqulo lwabasetyhini olungowona mahluko wayo uphambili kwezinye iithiyori zobufazi.
U-Al-Ali kunye no-Käser bazikhusele ngokungeyomfuneko xa bejongana nodliwano-ndlebe nabo baseKurdish ukuba ubufazi behlabathi buhlukene kwaye abanako ukuguqulela iimbono zabo ezibalulekileyo kwisenzo sezopolitiko, besalatha 'kwimbali ende yokuhlanganisana kwabasetyhini kwihlabathi jikelele, leyo, nangona kukho izithintelo ezininzi. kunye nokungalingani okungasonjululwanga, kube ngundoqo kumngeni wokungalingani kwesakhiwo kunye nokuphucula ubomi bemihla ngemihla babasetyhini kwiimeko ezininzi.
Ukuqhekeka kwemizabalazo yabasetyhini, imisonto eyahlukeneyo - i-radical feminism, i-anarcho-feminism, i-Marxist-feminism, i-ecofeminism - ngokungathandabuzekiyo isibuyisele umva. Incwadana ye-Jineolojî ichaza ubufazi baseNtshona 'njengeentshukumo zethemba' ezingenamandla enguquko.
In Ukukhulula Ubomi, uÖcalan uthi ubufazi abunakuze buphumelele ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yobukapitali, echulumancisayo ngokwahlulahlula; ukuba ukulingana ngokodidi nobuhlanga kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi yehlabathi yinxalenye yomzabalazo wenkululeko yabasetyhini. Uninzi lwabalandeli bobufazi, njengeCombahee River Collective of black feminists, bangavumelana nolu hlalutyo, kodwa abanako ukusebenzisa izimvo zokulingana kobuhlanga nomgangatho kwinkqubo yongxowankulu.
Ayimangalisi ke into yokuba ubufazi bezizwe ngezizwe buhlala bugculelwa njengomcimbi ophakathi ongabandakanyi abasebenzi kunye nabasetyhini abambalwa.
Impendulo yekomiti yeJineolojî, IYurophu, ukuya kwinqaku lika-Al-Ali kunye ne-Käser nayo yayikhusela ngokungeyomfuneko - ngokumangalisayo, ngenxa yexabiso elibekwe yi-Kurdish intshukumo yabasetyhini ekugxekeni nasekuzigxekeni.
Ikomiti yagxeka indlela yokusebenza yababhali, yavakalelwa kukuba abantu ebekusenziwa udliwano-ndlebe nabo bacatshulwe ngaphandle komxholo kwaye baphawula inyani yokuba abazange bafunde nawuphi na umsebenzi okhoyo ngesiKurdish okanye ngesiTurkey - isigxeko esinokwenziwa ngokulinganayo kweli nqaku.
Ukugxeka ababhali 'ngokuxhasa [ukwenza] kunye nokuthabatha [ukwenza] umsebenzi wethu,' kukugxekwa ngokungafanelekanga njengoko icwecwe lalizama ukusebenzelana nzulu noJineolojî kwaye liyixabisa ngokusuka kwisikhundla sokubambisana nabasetyhini baseKurdish.
Njengoko u-Al-Ali no-Käser bavumayo, 'amandla enguqu ka-Jineoloji ayikaphunyezwa nakweyiphi na enye ipolitiki yobufazi'.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela