Intetho kwisemina ethi โILungelo leZindlu, amaLungelo kaMasipala eYurophu: imizabalazo, uhlahlelo kunye nokukhuthazaโ
I-European Social Forum II
13 Novemba 2003
Ndifuna ukwenza ingxabano yobuchule, ndifuna ukuxoxa ngokubaluleka kwemizabalazo kunye namaqhinga kwindawo. Ndikwacinga ukuba uxinzelelo olukhulu kwindawo yendawo, ngexesha elifanayo njengoko siqinisa amanethiwekhi ethu ngamazwe ngamazwe, kubalulekile ekuphuhlisweni kwexesha elizayo kunye nokusasazeka kweForam yeNtlalo yaseYurophu.
Ukugxininisa ingxabano ndifuna ukwenza uthelekiso kunye noloyiso oluyinxenye olwaphunyelelwa eCancun ekumiseni umjikelo olandelayo wokurhoxisa ummiselo weWTO; Ndifuna kwakhona ukwenza uthelekiso kunye nentshukumo yokulwa nemfazwe.
Impumelelo e-Cancun ibonisa ukuba kwinqanaba lehlabathi intshukumo yobulungisa bentlalontle iya isanda ngempumelelo ekuthinteleni ukukhukuliseka kwedemokhrasi ngomanyano lwehlabathi jikelele. Kwinqanaba lehlabathi sisebenza ngempumelelo ekuthini `hayi' kwaye sigxininisa ukuqala kohlobo olutsha, olomeleleyo lwedemokhrasi. Kodwa okwangoku kwinqanaba lengingqi idemokhrasi itsalwa ngokufihlakeleyo phantsi kweenyawo zethu ngoshishino lwabucala, ukudodobala korhulumente wasekhaya kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamalungelo oluntu. Oyena nobangela wale nkqubo ubuyela ekudityanisweni kwehlabathi jikelele kodwa isenzo kwinqanaba lehlabathi alanelanga. Ukuba asiqini kwaye sandise ulungiselelo lwethu lwasekhaya kwaye silola amacebo ethu engingqi isiseko sethu sokusebenza ngempumelelo kwihlabathi siya kutshatyalaliswa. Iingxoxo zam zitsalwa ikakhulu kumava aseBritane kodwa okwenzekileyo eBritane kufanele kubangele ukuba kukhala iintsimbi ze-alam ezidolophini nakwizixeko kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngaphandle kokuqhayisa, intshukumo yabasebenzi baseBritani yayiyeyona inamandla kwaye sekunjalo jonga indlela amandla ayo okukhusela nokwandisa iinkonzo zoluntu aye athatyathelwa ngayo.
Kukwinqanaba lengingqi apho impumelelo yombutho wabasebenzi bedemokhrasi yemveli: izibonelelo zentlalo kunye neenkonzo zoluntu ezifana nemfundo yasimahla, impilo kunye nezindlu, zibe nentsingiselo enkulu kubomi babantu abasebenzayo. Nangona abantu benqongophele ulawulo lokwenyani kwezi zibonelelo kunye neenkonzo, babonelele ngemithombo ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko ngokuchasene nemvelo engafanelekanga yemarike. Ukhukuliseko lozinzo kunye nedemokhrasi (nangona isesikweni) yezi nkonzo ishiya abantu bengenamandla kwaye bengakhuselekanga kwaye basesichengeni kwisibongozo selungelo elikude okanye i-reaction fundamentalism.
Ukuba asiphuhlisi amacebo asebenzayo ekuhlaleni ngexesha elinye njengoko siququzelela kwihlabathi liphela, ukuba asifumani iindlela zokufikelela kubantu abangachaphazelekanga kodwa bengahambi ngokuzenzekelayo ngasekhohlo, sinokufumanisa ukuba siphulukana nesiseko esidumileyo leyo ukuzinza kwezenzo zethu zehlabathi kuxhomekeke.
Amava entshukumo echasene nemfazwe abonisa ukuba sinokufikelela kwaye sikhule, sinokufikelela kwinkxaso ethandwayo, asithethi nje thina. Ndifuna ukuxoxa ukuba isigaba esilandelayo sophuhliso lwethu kufuneka sibeke phantsi iingcambu ezidumileyo ezihlala zihleli ngokwakha unxibelelwano oluluqilima kunye neemfuno zemihla ngemihla kunye nomzabalazo wabantu apho bahlala kunye nabasebenza khona.
Ngokuqinisekileyo kuye kwakho iimeko ezibalulekileyo zokuchaswa kwendawo. Njengoko sithetha, abantu baseDublin balwa ngamandla nxamnye nokumiselwa kwerhafu yomgqomo, intlawulo yokuchitha inkunkuma; emva koko kukho uloyiso oludumileyo ngokuchasene nokuthengiswa kwamanzi abucala eCochabumba. Ukusuka eBritani sinokuxela uloyiso oluthile oluncinci kodwa olubalulekileyo, njengakwisixeko esisemantla saseNewcastle apho imibutho yabasebenzi kunye nabemi bengingqi baxhathisa ngempumelelo ukuthengiswa kweenkonzo zeqhinga zebhunga lendawo kwaye ngoku baye bayeka ukuthengiswa kweenkonzo zokuzonwabisa, kodwa ezi zingaphandle. , yaye kungenxa yoko le nto sibakhumbulayo.
Ndifuna ukujonga izizathu ezithathu zokuba kutheni oorhulumente kunye namashishini bephuma kule nkqubo yokuthengiswa kwamashishini abucala kwaye bajike oorhulumente boomasipala babe ngamaqabane abo (adla ngokuthandabuza). Emva koko ndiya kucebisa izifundo ezintathu zobuchule kumaphulo asebenzayo okukhusela nokuphucula iinkonzo zoluntu.
Ukufuduswa kweenkonzo kude nolawulo lwedemokhrasi, nangona olu lawulo belusesikweni kwaye lubuthathaka, lwenzeka phantsi kwezinto ezininzi zokuzifihla: intsebenziswano apho iqabane labucala linesabelo esikhulu (iinkampani zabucala aziyi kufane zibandakanyeke ukuba azikho kuloo nto. isikhundla); amalungiselelo ezezimali abucala akhokelela ekubeni inkampani yabucala ifumane ulawulo lokusebenza; ikontraka encinci enciphisa ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kwikhontrakthi. Ububi bokuba eBritani bonke ngaphandle kokunyanzelisa abasemagunyeni basekhaya kula malungiselelo sisithintelo esiqatha ekubolekeni kwabasemagunyeni. Ngokwembali le ibiyindlela kaNksk. Thatcher yokugcina ulawulo olungundoqo kubonelelo lwemali; ngoku yindlela kaGordon Brown yokugcina ngaphakathi kwemilinganiselo yeMaastricht. Nokuba uyazi na okanye hayi urhulumente oMtsha waBasebenzi uye wayisebenzisa ukukhuthaza indlela echanekileyo yepragmatic kwimali yabucala, apho imiba yolawulo lwedemokhrasi ingeyiyo eyona nto iphambili.
Uphawu oluchasene nedemokhrasi lwala manyathelo lufihlwe ngentetho ethi `uluntu' kunye nokunikezelwa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokumelwa koluntu kwintsebenziswano neebhodi. Luhlobo lokumelwa olunyanzeliswa kakhulu - oluhlala luba bubuqhophololo obupheleleyo - ngezibophelelo zorhwebo zokuba lilungu lebhodi.
Ezi zifihlayo ziye zasebenza kaninzi, ngenxa yezizathu ezithathu. Izizathu zokuqala zichaphazela ubuthathaka bembali bolawulo lwedemokhrasi kwiinkonzo zoluntu. Amaqela edemokhrasi yezentlalo awaseka iinkonzo zoluntu akwenze oko ngokulula ngokwandisa ulawulo olukhoyo lwelizwe kwiindawo ezintsha zobomi, kungekhona ngokuguqula umbutho karhulumente ukuze ufeze iinjongo ezintsha. Idemokhrasi yomelo ibonelele ngoxanduva lokugqibela. Abemi bangakhalaza kooceba babo kwaye bonyule abatsha ukuba abanelisekanga ngamandla ngumgangatho weenkonzo. Kodwa ngosuku nosuku uninzi lweenkonzo zikawonke-wonke, beziqhutywa ngokwemigangatho emandla. Uninzi lweendlela zolawulo zazifunyenwe emkhosini. Ndakhe ndasebenzela urhulumente waseLondon, ndaye ndabizwa `ligosa', njengegosa lomkhosi, kodwa eneneni ndiligosa likarhulumente wasekhaya. Ebekwe `ngaphezu' kwabantu, la 'magosa' ayesoloko - ayengasoloko - ebadelela kakhulu abantu ebekufanele ukuba babasebenzele, ecingela ukuba ziingcali kwaye abantu babengazi nto malunga nento emayenziwe, kodwa babenokukhalaza nje. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba amava abantu bemihla ngemihla ngeenkonzo zoluntu ayesoloko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Thatha izindlu zikawonke-wonke umzekelo, abantu babemthiyile igosa lezindlu kunye nomqokeleli werenti kwaye babekhathazeke kakhulu ngexesha elide elithathiweyo ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa. Ingcinga yolawulo lwedemokhrasi yeenkonzo zoluntu yayingeyonyani inamandla kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Ngoko ke abantu abanayo ingqiqo ecacileyo yobunini bezi nkonzo apho bavakalelwa kukuba ulawulo lwabucala luthatha into ekude neyona nto izuzwayo ngeenkonzo zoluntu ezinikezelwa esidlangalaleni kunokuba zibonelelwe ngemarike. Kwaye ekuqaleni ukunikezelwa kwabameli boluntu ebhodini kunokuziva ngathi luphuculo olubambekayo kwinkqubo endala apho amatshantliziyo oluntu ayengenalo okanye elincinane kakhulu ilizwi elithe ngqo.
Umba wesibini kukuhlanjululwa okunzulu kwenkcubeko yexabiso likawonke-wonke, yengcamango yedemokhrasi, kunokuba ulawulo lwemarike phezu kweenkonzo zoluntu, kunye nengcamango epheleleyo yeenkonzo zoluntu eziqhutywa ngokwemigaqo eyahluke ngokupheleleyo yombutho, kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunoko. ezo zemarike yabucala. Emva kwesizukulwana sokuqala sasemva kwemfazwe ababeyimpucuko ebonakalayo kumgangatho wobomi, inkonzo yoluntu iye yathathwa njengento eqhelekileyo. Imibutho yedemokhrasi yezentlalo ayifane ifundise abantu kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana malunga nempumelelo epheleleyo yokunikezelwa kweenkonzo kuluntu. Ngendlela abaphatha ngayo iinkonzo zoluntu ngendlela engathathi hlangothi, ngolawulo. Okungafaniyo okungqina umgaqo yi-NHS apho kukho ukuziphatha okuqinileyo kwinkonzo yoluntu. Akumangalisi ukuba le nkonzo ibonakalisile, kwaye isabonisa eyona nto inzima ukuyithengisa. Thelekisa oku kunye nendlela izizukulwana eziphumelelayo zabantwana besikolo base-US abafundiswa ngayo kwaye mihla le bakhunjuzwa iinqobo ezisemgangathweni zoMgaqo-siseko wase-US, hayi ukuba ndincoma umgaqo-siseko ngokwawo. Khawufane ucinge ukuba kwizikolo zamazwe aseYurophu isikhumbuzo esihlala sihleli sokuziphatha kwentlalontle kunye nemigaqo yamalungelo oluntu.
Oku kungazicingeli malunga nemithetho-siseko yomanyano kunye nobulungisa kwezentlalo kwenze ukuba kube lula kuNksk. Thatcher ngokuthe chu ukurhweba icandelo likarhulumente, ngoko ke icandelo likarhulumente liye laqhutywa ngakumbi nangakumbi njengeshishini labucala. Amaxabiso orhwebo aqale kancinci kancinci ukuthatha indawo yexabiso lokuhlangabezana neemfuno zentlalo, kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali kunye nokusasazwa ngokutsha kwezibonelelo ukwenza oko. Kungoko xa kufika uluvo lwamashishini abucala ukuza kuqhuba, okanye ukulawula okanye ukuxhasa ngemali icandelo likarhulumente, ayisengomothuko. Ukunika nje umzekelo omncinci, ukuthathwa kwabucala kwamadama okuqubha, nto leyo eyenzeka hayi nje kwisixeko sam, iManchester, kodwa phantse sonke isixeko saseNgilani. Indlela eqala ngayo luhlobo lokudala umoya ongqongileyo โkubiza kakhulu kwezi ntsuku ukubaleka amadama okuqubha amaninzi, yimisebenzi emikhulu, ixabisa kakhulu รขโฌยฆ' Abantu baqala ukudimazeka baze bacinge โoh, ewe unyanisile. , kunzima kakhulu ukuxhasa ngemali ichibi lokuqubhaโ. Kwaye zonke iingxabano, malunga nempilo yabantu abadala, abantu abanesifo samathambo, imfundo kunye nophuhliso lomzimba lwabantu abatsha, zonke iingxabano ezahlukeneyo zentlalo ezikhomba ukugcinwa kwemali kwinkonzo yezempilo, ukuphuculwa kwemfundo yethu, ukudalwa kwenzuzo ethile yentlalontle kuluntu lonke, zonke ezo ngxabano ziyalahleka kwaye zilityalwe ngazo. Ngoko ke indawo yokuqubha iphantse ivalwe, kwaye kunokuba ibhunga lendawo litsho, "heyi, inkampani yabucala ilungele ukuqhuba idama lokuqubha okanye ingene kwintsebenziswano nathi". Ngoko abantu bacinga, "oh, kulungile, yinto", kwaye kunokuba uphelele kwi-swimming pool apho abantu abadala kufuneka bahlawule, abantwana kufuneka baqokelele imali yokusebenzisa i-swimming pool, njalo njalo. Oko kumonakaliswa kwemilinganiselo yoluntu kunye nombono wonke wenkonzo yoluntu yingxaki yesibini ebalulekileyo ekufuneka yoyiswe.
Umba wesithathu yimvakalelo yokwenyani yokungabi namandla kunye nokunqongophala kokuzithemba, endicinga ukuba ivele ekutshatyalalisweni ngakumbi kwaloo maziko omelele ngokudibeneyo, intshukumo yabasebenzi bemveli, imizi-mveliso nezopolitiko. Oku kujongele phantsi amandla oorhulumente boomasipala baseBritane kangangokuba baye baba ngabaceli, uhlobo lwabangqibi koorhulumente belizwe. Ngoko xa urhulumente kazwelonke esithi โawunakuboleka emarikeni, okanye awukwazi ukuboleka emarikeni, kufuneka ufumane imali yabucalaโ, umasipala, ibhunga lendawo lithi, โkulungile ukuba utsho njalo.โ Kukho ukuzithemba okuncinci ukuthi hayi, sinelungelo lokufumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente, nangona kukho iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba oku kuyatshintsha.
Ngoku, ingcinga nje ezintathu ukuba singayoyisa njani le nto.
Okokuqala, luhlobo luni lwezicwangciso kunye neendlela zokulungelelanisa eziya kwenza umba wolawulo lwentando yesininzi weenkonzo ube ngamava aphilayo, yintoni eya kwakha kwakhona ukuzibophelela kwimilinganiselo yoluntu kwaye yintoni eya kubuyisela ukuzithemba kwiimeko ezintsha, ezitshintshileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokuzithemba ilungelo lokufumana inkxaso-mali yoluntu. kwimfuno yoluntu.
Isifundo esibalulekileyo kwiinzame ezisanda kuphumelela ukukhusela iinkonzo zoluntu nokuba eCochabamba okanye eNewcastle, ukubaluleka kokuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela kunye nokwenza oko ngamandla onke kunye nenxaxheba ethandwayo yokuchasana. Xa oorhulumente namaqumrhu bezimisele kangaka kushishino lwabucala, ukuxhathisa akusayi kuzinza ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle kokuba kuvelisa umbono ongomnye wesikhundla, umbono wendlela `enye inkonzo enokwenzeka ngayo.' Indlela enjalo ibandakanya ingcamango yemibutho yabasebenzi, imibutho yasekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho yabaqeshi igxininisa ilungelo lokuthatha uxanduva lokuqhuba loo nkonzo, ukuyenza ibe yenene, yenkonzo yoluntu.
Kukho isifundo esihle apha kwiintshukumo zabangenamhlaba, apho bengazange baxhathise nje ubunini babucala bomhlaba eBrazil ngokomzekelo, kodwa bayawuhlala, bawuthathele umhlaba, kwaye bawuqhuba ngokwemigaqo yabo. yeendlela zentsebenziswano kwezolimo. Isifundo kwiinkonzo zoluntu sesokuba imibutho yabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzisi beenkonzo `bangene' kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, izibonelelo zoncedo zoluntu ezibonelele ngeenkonzo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zibonisa ukuba zingaqhuba njani na ezo zibonelelo zoluntu ngokwedemokhrasi nokusabela kwiimfuno zabantu. Ngale ndlela badala kubomi bemihla ngemihla nakumzabalazo wokukhusela nokuphucula ezi nkonzo, imizekelo yendlela yokuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi eyomeleza idemokhrasi yabameli. Oku kwenza ukuba abantu babone ngohlobo lobuqhophololo olusoloko lunyanzeliswa kubo ngentetho โngobandakanyo loluntuโ, nokuba bakwale okanye bafune ukuba intetho ethethwayo ityhalele ukuzinikela ngaphaya kwemida ekujoliswe kuyo ukuze ibe yimpembelelo yokwenene yedemokhrasi.
Isifundo esongezelelweyo kumabali okuphumelela asekhaya kukubaluleka kokuqhawula kwingcinga endala yolawulo yohlobo lolwazi olukhethekileyo lwengcali kunye nokuqaphela ukunyaniseka kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi kuphuhliso lwezinye iindlela, ngakumbi ulwazi olusebenzayo lwabasebenzi abaphambili, uluntu. abasebenzi benkonzo kunye nabasebenzisi. Oku kufuna ubudlelwane obutsha phakathi kwabaphandi bezemfundo kunye nemibutho ekhankaselayo, apho umphandi engumsebenzi woluntu wokwenene, umbutho woluntu - isibonelelo somzabalazo woluntu.
Ukuqondwa kokubaluleka kolwazi olusebenzayo kukhokelela ngokusengqiqweni ekuqondeni ukuba olo lwazi lungenakwenziwa luya kukhokelela kuzo zonke iintlobo zamanyathelo abonakalayo okusombulula iingxaki zemihla ngemihla ngokudibeneyo. Oku kuya kuthetha zonke iintlobo zamanyathelo angaphantsi kwe-radar yezopolitiko, i-radar yekhohlo kunye ne-radar yezopolitiko eziqhelekileyo apho abagqugquzeli bobulungisa boluntu kufuneka badibanise ukuba ukunyakaza kwethu kukuphuhlisa iingcambu ezidumileyo. Kuninzi apha ekufuneka kufundwe kwintshukumo yabasetyhini. Kweyona mpumelelo yayo iye yaphuma kwiindlela zayo zokukhangela kwaye yadibana neentlobo `zezopolitiko zangaphambili' zovukelo lwabasetyhini.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni kukho ukubaluleka komanyano. Andithethi umanyano lohlobo lwakudala: isixhobo kunye nexesha elifutshane, elidla ngokuba phakathi kwamaqela ezopolitiko. Ndithetha umanyano ikakhulu phakathi kweentshukumo ezahlukeneyo ezifuna ukugcina ukuzimela kodwa zinomdla ofanayo onzulu, umzekelo phakathi kwabasebenzi ababonelela ngeenkonzo kunye nabantu abazisebenzisayo, phakathi kwemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yasekuhlaleni. Oku kuya kuthetha iintshukumo ezihamba ngaphaya kokuzixakekisa kwabo ngokwesiko kumxinwa. Kwimihla yakudala imibutho yabasebenzi ibinokushiya imiba yobonelelo loluntu kumaqela abo ezopolitiko. Ngoku ukuba amaqela anjalo ayinxalenye yeengxaki iintlobo ezintsha ze-arhente yezopolitiko kufuneka ziphuhliswe ngokusekelwe kwabo banomdla ofanayo kwiinkonzo zoluntu ezilawulwa ngedemokhrasi. Kwaye oku kuthetha umanyano nemibutho okanye uthungelwano olungekho sikweni olunezithethe ezahlukeneyo zombutho nenkcubeko. Umanyano lokwenyani ziinkqubo ezimoshakeleyo ezibandakanya omabini amacala ukutshintsha iindlela zabo zokucinga ezithatyathwe lula.
Iimanyano phakathi kweentshukumo zamazwe ngamazwe zibalulekile nazo. Umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe oluphakathi kwabantu abatsala nzima ekuhlaleni lunokuba lukhuthazo olungenakulinganiswa nanto kuba ngalo abantu baye bavakalelwe kukuba ababodwa kwaye iingxaki abajamelana nazo ziyabiwa. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokungalingani kobukapitali kunye nemizabalazo yethu sinokufumana ingqiqo ebonakalayo yokuba yeyiphi enye indlela enokwenzeka. Ukuva ngokuthe ngqo kubantu baseParis okanye abakwaBerlin malunga nokuba eParis okanye eBerlin abasemagunyeni basekhaya banokuboleka njani imali ngokukhululekileyo kukhulisa iingxoxo zaseBritane ngokuchasene nokuba `akukho ndlela yimbi' iingxoxo zikaGordon Brown. Okanye ukuva ngemizabalazo yokuthatha inxaxheba ngokunyanisekileyo kwizigqibo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali eLatin America, ukufunda ngemigibe kunye nempumelelo ngumthombo omkhulu wenkuthazo ekuphuhliseni ezinye iindlela eYurophu. Kwaye ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi malunga namanzi, inkunkuma, `impilo' kunye `nemfundo' yamazwe ngamazwe ajongana neYurophu efuna iikhontrakthi ezinengeniso ngoku yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yaso nasiphi na isicwangciso esisebenzayo sasekhaya.
Ngoko ndifuna nje ukugqiba ngokugxininisa indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukuba iforum yeNtlalo yeNtlalo yaseYurophu elandelayo yenza ugxininiso olukhethekileyo kwimizabalazo kunye nezicwangciso zendawo, kumxholo wehlabathi jikelele. Oko kuthetha ukuba sonke ngenene silungiselela iforamu elandelayo kwiindawo esihlala kuzo, hayi nje phakathi kwamatsha ntliziyo, kodwa phakathi kohlobo lwabantu abaziva bephelelwe lithemba, abavakalelwa kukuba akukho ndlela yimbi. Kufuneka sibatsalele kwiforam yentlalontle. Ke kwiforum elandelayo yentlalontle asifumani nje amava kunye nokwabelana ngeempumelelo, ngethemba, zomzabalazo wamva nje ngokuchasene ne-WTO, kodwa sabelane ngamava okuchasa ukuthengiswa kwamashishini abucala kunye nokuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela kwizixeko zethu, iindawo zethu.
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