Ngo-2003, izigidi zabantu zaqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nokuhlaselwa kwe-Iraq. Ukuba iBritani kunye ne-US zinedemokhrasi yokwenyani, apho izimvo zabantu abaqhelekileyo zibalulekile, ukuhlasela, ukubulawa kunye nokuthuthunjiswa e-Iraq bekungeke kwenzeke. Oorhulumente bethu abazange baluhoye olo qhanqalazo.
Amandla amaninzi kakhulu agxininiswe kwizandla zeSociopaths ezimbalwa
Sele isaziwa ngokubanzi iminyaka ukuba abantu bangonakaliswa ngamandla. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, idemokhrasi yokwenene ifuna inkqubo yokuhlola kunye nokulinganisa ukuze kungabikho mntu okanye iqela elinamandla amaninzi. Kwithiyori, zombini i-US neBritane zinenkqubo enjalo. Abaqulunqi bemithetho kwiNkongolo yase-US nakwiPalamente yase-Bhritane, kunye neejaji kwiinkundla zomthetho, bafanele ukuba bazimele geqe kubenzi-zigqibo abaphezulu (ababizwa ngokuba sisigqeba). Ngokwenza ezi nkqubo azisebenzi kakuhle kakhulu. Isigqeba sityumba abantu abaphezulu kwezobulungisa, amapolisa kunye nenkonzo yezotshutshiso, ngoko aba bantu abazimeleyo ngenene. Inkqubo yeqela kula mazwe omabini yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba abezopolitiko basebenze ngokuzimeleyo kulawulo.
Iinkokeli kuwo omabini la mazwe zizingqonge ngeqela elincinane labacebisi, zibashiya bebodwa kwiimbono zabemi abaqhelekileyo. E-UK le ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba liqamza laseWestminster. Kuphela linani elincinane labantu elifumana ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kulwazi malunga noko kubizwa ngokuba yimibandela 'yokhuseleko'. Kuzo zombini i-US ne-Bhritane sinamaqela amancinane abantu, abanjengoongameli, iinkulumbuso, izangqa zabo zangaphakathi, kunye nabaphathi abaphezulu kumasebe ohlukeneyo karhulumente, abanamandla amakhulu kunye neendlela ezilinganiselweyo zokuqinisa loo magunya. INkongolo yaseUnited States ngoku ifana nje nesitampu serabha, yaye iPalamente yaseBritani iye yachazwa โnjengesipho SikaThixo Sobuzwilakheโ.(2)
E-US, owayesakuba nguMongameli Bush wazisa i-Patriot kunye ne-Homeland Security Act. Le mithetho idale imithetho emitsha eyanika uMongameli amandla aphantse angenasiphelo ukuba unokubhengeza imeko kaxakeka. Ingxelo yokuqala ka-Obama yashwankathelwa ngo-3 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
"U-Obama waqhubeka nemfazwe e-Afghanistan, wakha iziseko zomkhosi apho, kwaye wandisa uhlaselo lwasePakistan ... Waxolela ukuthuthunjiswa ... Ubuncinci uye wagcina amabanjwa angama-17,000 kude nobulungisa. Amagqwetha akhe aphumelele isibheno esagweba ukuba amabanjwa aseGuantanamo Bay 'ayingabo abantu', ngoko ke ayengenalungelo lokungangcungcuthekiswaโฆ Uqoqosho lwesizwe lusaqhutywa ngaba barhwaphilizi balutshabalalisayo.โ(4)
Utshintsho oluthe chu e-UK lunike abaphathiswa amandla angakumbi (phakathi kwabona bathatha izigqibo abaphezulu) ngelixa bedlula iPalamente, kunye nemithetho emitsha ngo-2004 (5) kunye no-2006, omnye wabo wawubizwa ngokuba 'ngumthetho oyilwayo wokubhangiswa kwepalamente'. (6) Xa wayeyiNkulumbuso, uTony Blair wenza izigqibo ngokuhlasela i-Iraq, ukuthenga izixhobo zenyukliya ezingakumbi (i-Trident), kunye nokuthengisa izinto zabucala ngokufihlakeleyo iinxalenye zenkonzo yezempilo ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo izimvo zoluntu. Ubhubhani we-coronavirus wamva nje unike oorhulumente base-Bhritane nabase-US isizathu sokuzisa imithetho egqithisileyo, umbutho wamalungelo oluntu iLiberty ibachaza "njengomqobo omkhulu kwinkululeko yethu kwisizukulwana."(7)
Inkqubo yezoPolitiko ivuza abona bantu baphambeneyo
UTony Blair, uBoris Johnson, uDonald Trump kunye noHillary Clinton bonke baye bachazwa njengamaxoki e-pathological okanye amaqhinga okuzithemba. Kwakhona baye bachazwa ziingcali zengqondo njengezibonakaliso zokuphazamiseka kobuntu obugqithisileyo, njengengqondo kunye ne-narcissism. i-US, ngokoqobo, iphambene. Akunjalo ngengqiqo yokuba akukho ngqiqweni, kodwa ngengqiqo yokuba yi-sociopaths - ukwenza izigqibo ezikhokelela ekufeni kwamanani amakhulu abantu phesheya kweelwandle, ukuze bakwazi ukulawula izibonelelo kunye norhwebo. Oku asikokubaxa izinto. Ukuba iinkokeli zethu zisebenze kuwo nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi kwaye zifuna ukutshabalalisa amazwe amaninzi kwaye zibulale abantu, ziya kuthunyelwa kugqirha wengqondo. Ukuba ugqirha wengqondo wayekholelwa ukuba bangenza izinto kwiinkolelo zabo, baya kuvalelwa ukuze bakhusele abanye. Sinokuhlolwa ngokwasengqondweni kwimisebenzi ethile, njengamapolisa, kodwa akukho luhlolo olunjalo kwiinkokeli zehlabathi.
Ukunqongophala koXanduva
Oorhulumente bazenza ngathi bathatha uxanduva nzulu ngokubamba imibuzo ngamaxesha athile ekuziphatheni kukarhulumente, kodwa imibuzo ebalulekileyo eBritani nase-US kwiminyaka yakutshanje ibe zizikrini zokutshaya ukukhusela abantu ababalulekileyo. Ingxelo yekomishoni yase-US kuhlaselo lwabanqolobi ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, kunye nophando lweHutton eBritane malunga nezihloko ezinxulumene nemfazwe yaseIraq zombini azihoyanga ngabom imiba ephambili ebekufanele ukuba iphandwe.(9) Uphando luka-2019 kwikhawuntara. -iqhinga lobunqolobi elaziwa ngokuba 'luThintelo' libhalwe mhlophe emva kokuba indoda echongelwe ukulikhokela liyichaze โnjengengeyomfuneko kwaphelaโ.(10) Xa i-UK Serious Fraud Office izama ukuphanda urhwaphilizo ngexesha lokuthengiswa kwezixhobo kwiBritish Aerospace (BAe) ukuya I-Saudi Arabia, urhulumente wase-Bhritane walumisa uphando njengoko wayengafuni ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lwakhe lwangaphambili lubonakale. ukuchatshazelwa luphando ngeBAe.(11)
Imibutho ehambele phambili iye yenza iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokuhlangabezana nolona lwaphulo-mthetho lungenamsebenzi, ukanti ukuba oorhulumente babulala abantu abaninzi kwamanye amazwe, ngoku bayakwazi ukuwuphepha umthetho. Abona bantu baphezulu benza izigqibo phantse bangaphenduli. Kuyamkelwa ngokubanzi ukuba uMongameli Bush kunye neNkulumbuso uBlair baqhube imfazwe engekho mthethweni eyatshabalalisa i-Iraq, kodwa abazange babekwe ityala ngezi zenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Umongameli u-Obama kunye neNkulumbuso uDavid Cameron bayitshabalalisile iLibya,(13) kodwa abeendaba abathethi nokuyixoxa loo nto njengolwaphulo-mthetho. Amapolisa, abezomthetho nabatshutshisi abakhange benze nzame zokubamangalela aba bantu.
Imeko enzulu
Ngo-2014, owayesakuba ngurhulumente wase-US ogama linguMike Lofgren wabhala inqaku elinesihloko esithi 'Anatomy of the Deep State'.(14) Wachaza ukuba uninzi lwezigqibo zezopolitiko alwenzeki ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yezopolitiko ebonakalayo (ngokubonakalayo ndithetha iCongress e-US kunye nePalamente e-UK). Uthungelwano lwabalawuli abaphezulu kumasebe abalulekileyo karhulumente, kunye nabaxhasi, ii-arhente zezobuntlola, iitanki zokucinga, umkhosi, kunye neenkampani ezinkulu (ingakumbi iibhanki, i-IT, amandla, ukutya, kunye neeKontraktha zoMkhosi zaBucala) ziphembelela ngenkuthalo izigqibo zezopolitiko emva kombutho. imiboniso, ngaphandle kokuphonononga okanye ukubeka iliso. Siye saxoxa ngemiba yoku kwizithuba ezidlulileyo, kodwa iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo zale misebenzi zidala oko abanye abantu bakuchaza 'njengelizwe ngaphakathi kurhulumente'. Abezopolitiko beza behamba, kodwa amagosa aphezulu aqhuba amasebe akhona kuninzi lwemisebenzi yabo. Abantu abahlukeneyo abanamava kurhulumente waseBritane baye baphawula malunga ne-bureaucracy ekhoyo ethintela iinzame zohlaziyo.(15)
I-Lofgren ishwankathela iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zelizwe elinzulu njengokhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nolawulo lwenkampani. Abezopolitiko ngokuqinisekileyo bazi kancinci malunga nemiba emininzi (efana neshishini leoli okanye iimfazwe zangaphandle) kuneengcali kumasebe karhulumente, okanye abacebisi babo beshishini. Njengoko uLofgren esitsho, ukuba uthe igama elithi 'ubunqolobi', uninzi lwezopolitiko lukhawuleza luwele emgceni wokuxhasa nawuphi na umgaqo-nkqubo ofunwa ziiarhente zobuntlola okanye amapolisa. Oku kubonakala kuyinyani eBritani njengoko kunjalo e-US.(16)
Iimfihlo nobuxoki
I-US kunye nooRhulumente baseBritane banembali ende yokuba nemfihlo kakhulu. Bobabini oorhulumente banemithetho yeNkululeko yoLwazi (eyaziwa ngokuba yiFOIA) efanele yenze abantu abaqhelekileyo bakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba oorhulumente benza ntoni. Ngokwenyani, ukukhululwa kuvumela abezopolitiko abaphezulu kunye nabanye abenzi bezigqibo ukuba baqhubele phambili ukwenza izinto emfihlekweni. ; yayine-17 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olungazange luxoxwe yiCongress; kwaye yathatha isixa esikhulu sokuhlola phantsi kwemithetho ekucingelwa ukuba ichasene nobunqolobi eyaziwa ngokuba yiPatriot Act.(2001)
De kwakutshanje, iBritani ibinemithetho eyayivumela urhulumente ukuba agcine izinto ziyimfihlo kangangeminyaka engama-30. Oku kuye kuhla ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-20. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente wase-Bhritane ebesoloko ezama ukugcina ezinye izinto ziyimfihlo ixesha elide. Umzekelo omhle woku yayiyi-Operation Legacy, (19) apho urhulumente waye wazama ukufihla amaxwebhu achaza izenzo zabo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezimbi kakhulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali. Ingqokelela enkulu yeefayile ezivela kwiikholoni ezahlukeneyo zabuyiselwa e-UK ukuze zifihlwe ngokungenasiphelo. Kwanaxa inkcazelo yayifunwa ngokusemthethweni ebudeni bamatyala asenkundleni, abasemagunyeni bazama ngokungekho mthethweni ukubanga ukuba loo nkcazelo yayingekho. Ekugqibeleni xa amanye amaxwebhu afunyanwa, urhulumente kwanyanzeleka ukuba avume ukuba amanye akhona.
Siye sabona imizekelo emininzi kutshanje apho ubungqina bamva bubonisa ukuba abezopolitiko abaphezulu baxoke ngamabomu ngemfazwe kunye nokuhlushwa. Kukho imizekelo emininzi yooMongameli baseUnited States abathi โSifuna uxoloโ njengoko bayalela abaqhushumbisi babo ukuba bawise amawaka eetoni zeebhombu kwamanye amazwe. .
Iimfihlo ezisemthethweni kunye noKhuseleko lweSizwe zi (ininzi) i-propaganda
Ubuninzi bolwazi oluyimfihlo olupapashwe yiWikileaks lubonisa ukuba imisebenzi karhulumente emininzi kakhulu isafihliwe ukuba ingahlolisiswa. Olu lwazi, ludiza ulwaphulo-mthetho oluxhaphakileyo ngoorhulumente bethu, beluseza kuba yimfihlo ukuba belungavezwanga ngoonondaba. U-Edward Snowden ubonise ukuba i-US NSA (i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweSizwe) yayiqhuba inkqubo yokuhlola yehlabathi engekho mthethweni, apho bayakwazi ukugcina yonke inxibelelwano yombane kwiikhomputha ezininzi kunye neefowuni, naxa ifowuni icinyiwe. Oku kwenziwa ngentsebenziswano ne-arhente yezobuntlola yaseBritani iGCHQ. Ngoku yamkelwe into yokuba imisebenzi ye-GCHQ ayikho mthethweni, kodwa bayaqhubeka nokuhlola wonke umntu kunjalo.(21)
Ingcinga yokuba oorhulumente kufuneka babenakho ukugcina ulwazi oluninzi luyimfihlo phantse ngokungenasiphelo alunakuxhaswa kwidemokhrasi yokwenyani. Ukuhlolwa kweefayile ezingachazwanga ezinxulumene neemfazwe kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo yamazwe angaphandle kubonise ukuba 'iimfihlo ezisemthethweni' kunye 'nokhuseleko lwesizwe' zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukufihla izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nemisebenzi engafanelekanga yamagosa.(22) E-US, omnye wangaphakathi ophezulu wavuma ukuba:
โKukho ukuhlelwa okugqithisileyoโฆ eyona nkxalabo iphambili yabacalu-hlelo ayikho kukhuseleko lwesizwe, kodwa kukuhlazeka kukarhulumente kolunye uhloboโฆ kodwa ngaphandle kweenkcukacha zeenkqubo zezixhobo, kunqabile ukuba kubekho umngcipheko wokwenyani kukhuseleko lwesizwe lwangoku ukusuka kupapasho lweenyani ezinxulumene notshintshiselwano lwexesha elidlulileyo, nakwixesha elidlulileyo. โ(23)
Kwidemokhrasi yokwenene, isikhundla esisileleyo kufuneka sibe sesokwenza izinto elubala ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuphendula. Oorhulumente abafanele bagcine iimfihlo kuluntu, yaye abafanele babe naso nasiphi na isizathu sokufuna ukwenza njalo. (24) Oorhulumente bafanele babekho kuphela njengezixhobo zabantu. Yonke into kufuneka ifumaneke eluntwini ukuze iphicothwe, ibuzwe kwaye iphikiswe. Kuphela kwiimeko ezilinganiselweyo kufuneka nantoni na igcinwe iyimfihlo.
Amaphuzu aphambili
Oorhulumente baseBritane nabaseMelika banamandla amakhulu kwizandla ezimbalwa kakhulu
Iinkqubo ezikhoyo zokuhlola kunye neebhalansi azisebenzi
Zininzi kakhulu izigqibo ezenziwayo emva kweziganeko, ngaphandle kokucaca okanye ukongamela
Bobabini oorhulumente bawasebenzisa kakubi amagunya abo ukuze bafihle ulwaphulo-mthetho lwabo
Iiwebhusayithi eziluncedo
openthegovernment.org ngolwazi lwase-US malunga neemfihlo zikarhulumente
billmoyers.com/2014/02/21/anatomy-of-the-deep-state/
Ucaphulo
1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_15,_2003_anti-war_protest
2) USimon Jenkins, 'Le Ndlu yeMibutho sisipho sikaThixo sobuzwilakhe', uMkhuseli, Nov 1, 2006, www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/story/0,,1936287,00.html
3) UNaomi Wolf, 'uFascist waseMelika, ngamanyathelo ali-10 alula', uMgcini, oneminyaka engama-24th Epreli 2007, ngo
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/24/usa.comment
4) UJohn Pilger, 'Iintsuku ezili-100 zika-Obama: Amadoda aMad aqhube kakuhle', nge-30 ka-Epreli 2009, ngo.
http://johnpilger.com/articles/obama-s-100-days-the-mad-men-did-well
5) Nafeez Ahmed, 'Occupy Planet Earth', Counterpunch, 2 Dec 2011, uxoxa ngo-2004 Civil Contingencies Act, ngo.
https://www.counterpunch.org/2011/12/02/occupy-planet-earth/
6) UMgcini, 'uMthetho woHlengahlengiso lwezoMthetho ka-2006', nge-19 kaJan 2009, ngo.
7) Inkululeko, 'iCoronavirus: Umthetho omtsha ngowona Mqobo mkhulu kwiNkululeko yethu kwisizukulwana', 26 Mar 2020, ngo.
8) UClaudia Wallace, 'Yeengqondo kunye nabaviwa bakamongameli', iScientific American, 12 Aug 2016, e.
'https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/mind-guest-blog/of-psychopaths-and-presidential-candidates/
USteve Taylor, 'Amandla e-Pathological: iingozi koorhulumente abakhokelwa ngama-narcissists kunye nee-psychopaths', Incoko, nge-19 kaSep 2019, ngo.
9) USimon Jenkins, 'iBasra yiWaterloo yeNapoleon yaseDowning Street', The Times, Feb 25, 2007, ngo.
Benjamin DeMott, 'I-Whitewash njengeNkonzo kaRhulumente: indlela iKomishoni ye-9/11 iNgxelo ekhohlisa ngayo isizwe', imagazini yeHarpers, Oct 2004, (ababhalisi kuphela)
https://harpers.org/archive/2004/10/whitewash-as-public-service/
10) Lizzie Dearden, 'Umngeni wezomthetho usungulwe ngokuchasene norhulumente malunga 'nokucakwa' uphononongo lwenkqubo yokuchasana ne-extremism', Independent, 20 Oct 2019, ngo.
11) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Yamamah
12) UJamie Wilson, uMsebenzi ugcina izabelo zenkampani yezixhobo, 20 Mar 2002, The Guardian, e
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2002/mar/20/uk.armstrade1
13) UGeir UlfStein kunye noHege Fosund Christiansen, 'Ubusemthethweni be-NATO Bombing eLibya', UMthetho waMazwe ngaMazwe kunye nothelekiso ngekota, Vol.62, No.1, pp.159-171, Jan 2013, at
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43302692?seq=1
14) UMike Lofgren, 'Isincoko: I-Anatomy ye-Deep State, 21 Feb 2014, ngo
https://billmoyers.com/2014/02/21/anatomy-of-the-deep-state/
15) Anthony Barnett, 'Ngaba ikhona i-UK "imeko enzulu"?, 26 kaJulayi 2010, e-UK
https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/is-there-uk-deep-state/
Craig Murray, I-Deep State Breaks Surface ', 22 March 2018, e
https://www.craigmurray.org.uk/archives/2018/03/the-deep-state-breaks-surface/
UTony Greenstein, 'uKeir Starmer ngumgqatswa i-Deep State kunye ne-Bhritane eSekiweyo efuna ukuba umvotele', Feb 2020, ngo.
UChris Mullin, iNkohlakalo yaseBritane kakhulu, ngo-1982
16) Shami Chakrabarti, 'I-spycops bill ijongela phantsi umthetho kwaye inika ukukhanya okuluhlaza kulwaphulo-mthetho olunzima', The Guardian, 14 Oct 2020
17) URodney Austin, 'uMthetho weNkululeko yeNgcaciso ka-2000 - Igusha kwiMpatho yeWolf?', eJeffrey Jowell kunye noDawn Oliver (eds), UMgaqo-siseko oTshintshwayo, 26 Julayi 2007, p.2285, kwi
Ukukhululwa e-US kwi-FOIA: https://www.foia.gov/faq.html
Ukukhululwa e-UK kwi-FOIA: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/36/part/II
I-18) 'Ikhadi leNgxelo yoMfihlo 2006: Ingxelo ifumana urhulumente we-Federal useseMfihlo ngakumbi', kwi,
'I-OTG ikhupha iNgxelo yoNyaka', nge-25 Jun 2019, kwi
https://www.openthegovernment.org/open-the-government-releases-annual-report/
19) Ian Cobain, Amasela eMbali: Iimfihlo, ubuxoki kunye neMbali yeSizwe sanamhlanje, 2016
20) UNorman Solomon, Imfazwe Yenziwe Yalula: Indlela abaongameli kunye neePundits abasigcina ngayo besijongisa ekufeni, 2006
21) UTrevor Johnson, 'UK: GCHQ/MI5 ivuma ngokungekho mthethweni ukuhlola izigidi', iWorld Socialist Web Site, 2 July 2019,
https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/07/02/surv-j02.html
22) UMark Curtis, 'uDeclassified: UCwangciso lwaMaxwebhu', nge-19 kaJanuwari 2018, ngo.
http://markcurtis.info/2018/01/19/censorship-of-documents/
23) U-Erwin Griswold, owayesakuba ngummeli jikelele wase-US phantsi koMongameli uNixon, 'Iimfihlo ezingafanelekanga Ukugcinwa: Iinkundla kunye nolwazi olucaluliweyo', i-15 Feb 1989, iWashington Post, ecatshulwe
UVimba woKhuseleko lweSizwe, 'Amaphepha ePentagon: iiMfihlo, uBubuxoki kunye neekhasethi zomsindo', kwi
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB48/supreme.html
24) Caitlin Johnstone, 'Ukubhenca ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kufuneka kuhlale kusemthethweni. Ukuzibophelela nokuzifihla akufanelekanga', RT, 18 Sep 2020, at
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/501031-caitlin-johnstone-exposing-war-crimes/
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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