Umthombo: Amanqaku oMsebenzi
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Eli lixesha lokungaqiniseki okunzulu. I-coronavirus yeyona nto iphambili yokufa e-United States ukusukela nge-7 ka-Epreli, kodwa isazinzulu kunye noogqirha basaqala ukuyiqonda. Kuyavela ukuba i-COVID-19 ingaphezulu nje kokuba sisifo sokuphefumla; ikwahlasela nengqondo, izintso, intliziyo nemithambo yegazi. inzululwazi, enye yeejenali zezemfundo eziphezulu kwihlabathi, wathi ukuba "intsholongwane isebenza ngokungathi akukho pathogen yakha yabonwa luluntu."
Ukuba indyikitya yokufa yelizwe jikelele ibinganelanga, abasebenzi baxinzelelwa phantsi kwi-vice grip ehlala iqina phakathi kwentswela-ngqesho enkulu kunye nonxunguphalo lwezoqoqosho kwelinye icala kwaye babuyela emsebenzini ngaphandle kokhuseleko olwaneleyo kwelinye.
Amazwe amaninzi ngoku abaleka ukuvula uqoqosho lwawo, nangona inani lemihla ngemihla lamatyala amatsha aqinisekisiweyo libambekile kuzwelonke. Ukungabikho kwesicwangciso esibanzi selizwe lonke, ukuba abasebenzi babuyela emisebenzini yabo ngoku siyakubona ezinye iziphako kwinani lamatyala, kunye nokufa okungakumbi.
Ukubona ukuba kutheni, kuluncedo ukuqala ngokuqonda ukuba izinto zaba mbi kangakanani na kwasekuqaleni kwaye kutheni inyathelo lokuvula uqoqosho ngoku liyingozi.
UKUQONDA IIMPENDULO ZIKARHULUMENTE, KWIIGRAFU EZINTATHU
I-US kunye noMzantsi Korea babenamatyala abo okuqala aqinisekisiweyo e-coronavirus kwangolo suku olunye, nge-20 kaJanuwari.
Kwisithuba esingangeveki, urhulumente waseMzantsi Korea wabhengeza imeko kaxakeka yelizwe kwaye wadibanisa zonke izixhobo zakhe ukuze enze umzamo olungelelanisiweyo wokuvelisa izixhobo zovavanyo kwaye emva koko ulandelele abantu abosulelekileyo ababuyela emva kwiiveki ezimbini, ukuze abafowunelwa bavalelwe bodwa.
Ekupheleni kuka-Matshi, uMzantsi Korea uqhube ngaphezulu kwe-300,000 yovavanyo, ngesantya somntu ngamnye esiphindwe ngama-40 e-United States. Nje ngeziphumo ze uvavanyo, uvavanyo, uvavanyo, kunye nokulandela umkhondo, UMzantsi Korea usuke kwi-1,000 lamatyala amatsha aqinisekisiweyo ngosuku ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari nasekuqaleni kukaMatshi ukuya kumyinge omalunga ne-10 ngosuku, njengoko ubona kwigrafu yokuqala. NgoLwesine amaziko aseKorea oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo umemezele ukuba ilizwe alinamatyala amatsha asekhaya, ngaphandle kwabavoti abazizigidi ezingama-29 bethathe inxaxheba kunyulo lukazwelonke kwiiveki nje ezimbini ezidlulileyo.
E-US, ngaphandle kokuqhayisa kukaMongameli uTrump ngokungayeki, sisajongene nokunqongophala kovavanyo kwaye akukho mkhondo omncinci wokunxibelelana. Amazwe ashiywe ukuba azingele izixhobo zovavanyo kwaye afumane umgaqo-nkqubo ngokwawo. Kwigrafu yesibini ubona umphumo: i-US ayiwunciphisanga kakhulu umyinge wemihla ngemihla wamatyala amatsha aqinisekisiweyo. Silenze nje inani lamatyala amatsha kunye nokufa phantse kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Nangona kunjalo i-US ibheka ekuvuleni kwakhona uqoqosho- oko kuthetha ukuba, okona kulungileyo, siya kuqhubeka nokubona inani eliphezulu lamatyala amatsha yonke imihla kwaye, okona kubi, iimeko kunye nokufa kuya kunyuka.
Igrafu yesithathu ivela kwiSebe Lezempilo leSixeko saseNew York, eyona ndawo iphambili yesi sifo eUnited States. Abahlali besixeko babulawa yintsholongwane ngomntu ngamnye ziye zagqitha nakwi-Itali, elona lizwe lithwaxwa nzima eYurophu. Ngoku inani lamatyala amatsha aqinisekisiweyo liyehla, kodwa isixeko sikude nesicwangciso esiqatha njengaseSouth Korea. Iyaqhubeka nokusokola ukufumana izixhobo zovavanyo ezifunekayo kwaye urhulumente akakayiqalisi inkqubo yokulandela umkhondo. Njengawo onke amanye amazwe, iNew York inyanzelisiwe ukuba imelane nayo ngaphandle kwemizamo yomanyano yokumisela impendulo.
Nokuba isiXeko saseNew York siyakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusasazeka apho, intsholongwane isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwezinye iindawo zelizwe. Kwaye ukungabikho kwesicwangciso sikazwelonke sokwandisa ngokumangalisayo uvavanyo kunye nokulandela umthamo jikelele, inani lamatyala amatsha aqinisekisiweyo kunye nokufa akunakwenzeka ukuba lehle ukuba amazwe angxamele ukuvula uqoqosho lwawo kwaye abaqeshi bafuna ukuba abasebenzi babuyele emisebenzini yabo.
OKUFUTHELWE IKAMVA
Mhlawumbi ubuncinci i-85-90 ipesenti yabemi base-US basesesichengeni. Oko kuthetha ukuba intsholongwane isenebala elikhulu ekufuneka idlale kuyo.
Indibaniselwano yokuyeka ukulawulwa, ukungabikho kolungelelwaniso, uvavanyo olubi, kunye neendlela ezimbi zesampulu kuthetha ukuba uphononongo lwezinga lilonke losulelo eneziphene ezinzulu, kodwa isivumelwano sesokuba uninzi lwabemi kusafuneka luvezwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba asikho ndawo sisondele kuyo "ukungakhuseleki komhlambi", inqanaba apho uninzi lwabemi luye lwaphuhlisa umgangatho othile wokungakhuseleki. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi upakishe ipesenti yosulelo lwabantu behlabathi malunga I-2 ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini.
I-White House ithe gqolo ukuba isitofu sokugonya sikwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18, kodwa izazinzulu ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba isitofu sokugonya sinokuthatha iminyaka ukuphuhla, ukuba ubani ukhe weza kwaphela.
Kukho umzamo omkhulu, ongenamlinganiso wehlabathi jikelele wezazinzulu wokufumana kunye nokwenza isitofu sokugonya ngesantya esirekhodiweyo, kodwa umngeni ophambi kwabo uyoyikisa.
Akukho zitofu zokugonya eziphumeleleyo kuyo nayiphi na i-coronavirus ezisixhenxe ezosulela abantu kwaye zikhona amathandabuzo anzulu phakathi kwezinye izazinzulu ukuba kunokwenzeka ukugonya ii-coronavirus. Esona sitofu sikhawulezayo sakha saveliswa leloqwilikanaโyaye kwathabatha iminyaka emine ukuveliswa. Ukusilela ekuphuhliseni isitofu sokugonya esichasene ne-HIV ngaphandle kwamashumi eminyaka yophando lubonisa indlela enokuba ngumceli mngeni ngayo inkqubo.
Ukuba isitofu sokugonya bekunjalo idalwe kwiinyanga ze-18 (kunokwenzeka ukusika iikona zokuziphatha kwinkqubo), iyakuba yinto engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. UJames Hildreth, ugqirha ophambili wokugonya wamazwe ngamazwe, xelele Wall Street Journal, โNdilumke kakhulu ekuxeleleni abantu ukuba siza kuba nesitofu sokugonya i-Covid-19โฆ. Onke amayeza aphambili esinawoโemasisi, i-Ebolaโathabathe ubuncinane iminyaka esixhenxe, yaye amanye athabathe iminyaka engama-40.โ Iingcali zempilo ezininzi zithi isitofu sokugonya asinakwenzeka nanini na kungekudala. Ukuvelisa iyeza lokugonya ngo-2022 "lithemba kakhulu kwaye lincinci kakhulu," uRobert van Exan, isazi ngebhayoloji esinamashumi eminyaka yamava kule ndawo, uxelele ENew York Times.
Ukuba isitofu sokugonya asizukufumaneka nangaliphi na ixesha kwakamsinya, oko kuthetha ukuba elona themba lethu kukufumana amachiza acothisa ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane emzimbeni-ukuze abantu abayibambileyo bangafi-kwaye nokuhambela kude ekuhlaleni kucothise. ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane kubemi.
Okwangoku akukho machiza avunyiweyo alwa intsholongwane ngokwayo, kodwa asenokubakho kwixesha elizayo.
Ngama-90 kuphela amachiza alwa nentsholongwane egazini avunyiweyo ukuba asetyenziswe e-US ukususela 1963.
Oosonzululwazi bebefunda ukuba ngaba nawaphi na amayeza achasene nentsholongwane egazini anokusetyenziswa nabaguli be-COVID-19. Uphononongo lokuqala lwe-hydroxychloroquine lubonise ukuba ichiza linjalo ngumthi, kodwa i-remdesivir ibonise uncedo olusezantsi kwezona zigulana ziqatha.
Amanye amachiza amaninzi ngoku aphantsi kofundo kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zimbalwa kangakanani ii-anti-virals ezake zaboniswa zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza, kungathatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba sibe nonyango oluqinisekisiweyo olunokuthi lunciphise ngempumelelo amandla e-coronavirus. umzimba.
Esi sifo asiyi kufa kakhulu kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo.
Nangona izifundo zokuqala zingagqibekanga, i Amaziko eSizwe eNzululwazi bathi intsholongwane inokusasaza kancinci ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokufuma, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba oku kunganciphisa ukusasazeka kwayo kakhulu. Intsholongwane sele isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kumazwe ashushu, kwaye i-Australia kunye ne-Iran yabona ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo.
Kukho isizathu esilungileyo sokuthandabuza ukuba ukhuselo lomzimba lusisigxina kwaye iimvavanyo ze-antibody zizalathi ezilungileyo zokugonywa.
Ukungakhuseleki kwiikoronavirus zamaxesha onyaka (ezibangela ukubanda okuqhelekileyo) kuqalisa ukwehla iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokosuleleka. Ukungakhuseleki kuzo zombini i-SARS endala ukusuka ngo-2002 kunye ne-MERS, abazala kwi-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), sele iboniswe ukuba yeyokwexeshana, malunga nonyaka omnye okanye emithathu.
Imvumelwano ekhulayo phakathi kwezazinzulu kukuba ukuvezwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kubonelela ukungakhuseleki kangangexesha elithile elingaziwayo, kodwa i-WHO iye yalumkisa ukuba akukho bungqina bokuba umntu ovavanya ukuba une-antibodies akakhuselekanga. Obunye ubungqina bukwacebisa ukuba abantu abosulelekileyo abangenazo iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezithambileyo banokungavelisi izilwa-buhlungu ezaneleyo zokuphuhlisa ukhuselo lomzimba.
IHAMMERA KUNYE NOMDANISO
Ilizwe lethu lijongene nokhetho phakathi kokhetho: ukunciphisa kunye nokunciphisa.
Ukunciphisa kuthetha ukucotha kodwa ukungawunqandi ubhubhane. Ngonciphiso, uninzi lwabantu lubuyela emsebenzini, izikolo kunye neeyunivesithi zivulwa kwakhona, kodwa sizama ukucothisa ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane ngovavanyo lobuninzi kunye nokulandela umkhondo wonxibelelwano, ukuhlala bodwa ekhaya kumatyala arhanelwayo, ukuvalelwa bodwa amakhaya abo bahlala kwikhaya elinye, kwaye ukuqhubeka kokungena ekuhlaleni kwabantu abadala kunye namaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu.
Ngoku ka uphando olwenziwa yi-Imperial College yaseLondon yeQela leeMpendulo ze-COVID-19, ukuqala kwakhona ubomi njengesiqhelo ngezi ndlela zokunciphisa zikhoyo kusaza kukhokelela kuqhambuko kwiindawo zokusebenza, kumakhaya abantu abalupheleyo, kunye noluntu. Ii-ICU ziya kuphinda zoyiswe, amawaka aza kufa-kwaye kuya kufuneka sitshixe kwakhona.
Ukucinywa kuthetha ukusebenzisa izitshixo ixesha elide njengoko kuyimfuneko ukugcina inani lamatyala amatsha lisondele ku-zero kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukucinezelwa kuthetha ukugxothwa eluntwini lonke ngokuvala amashishini angabalulekanga, izikolo, kunye neeyunivesithi-into eninzi yelizwe ebijongene nayo ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli.
Ukubuyela umva naphambili phakathi kokunciphisa kunye nokucinezelwa yindlela ngoku ethandwa ngoorhulumente abaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele kunye nabalawuli abaninzi base-US. (UMzantsi Korea akunyanzelekanga ukuba ubhenele kukuvalwa kwelizwe liphela njengoko yenzayo i-United States ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yovavanyo kunye nokulandela umkhondo icokisekile.)
Le ndlela yeesaw ibizwa ngokuba "isando kunye nomdaniso," apho "isando" simisa yonke into ngokuvalwa kwendlela kwaye "umdaniso" wamkela inani elikhulu lokufa ngelixa uqoqosho luqhubeka luhamba. Umbono kukuqhubeka ngokutshintshanisa ihamile kunye nomdaniso de isitofu sokugonya siphuhliswe ekugqibeleni.
Ukuba siphinda sivule ngoku, ngaphandle kovavanyo olwaneleyo kwaye akukho mkhondo wonxibelelwano, kuya kufuneka sivale kwakhona emva kokuba igagasi elilandelayo lobhubhani libethe. Sinokujongana neenyanga ezininzi, mhlawumbi neminyaka, yokubona izixeko kunye namazwe evula uqoqosho lwazo, kulandele olunye ugqabhuko-dubulo lwamatyala, kulandele okunye ukuvalwa.
KUTHENI KUFUNEKA UKUVULA KWAKHONA?
Yintoni ephembelela ukungxama kwamagosa karhulumente ukuvula kwakhona? Esinye isizathu kukuba uTrump ukholelwa ukuba intswela-ngqesho eyandayo kwaye intengiso yemasheya ehlayo ayilunganga kumathuba akhe onyulo kwakhona. Enye into kukuba abaqeshi banqwenela ukuba umgangatho othile wokusetyenziswa ulawuleke ukuze baphinde baqalise ukwenza ingeniso. Ekugqibeleni, ubukhulu becala buxhomekeke kushishino olukhulu olubekwe phambili ngaphezu kwempilo yoluntu.
Ihamile kunye nomdaniso zazinokuhlala ixesha elingakanani? Izazinzulu zaseHarvard ziye zaqikelela ukuba, ukungabikho kogonyo okanye unyango olusebenzayo, kuyakuthatha iminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine yokutshintshana phakathi koxinzelelo kunye nonciphiso phambi kokuba sifezekise ukugonywa komhlambi. Sinokujongana neenyanga ezininzi, mhlawumbi iminyaka, yokubona izixeko kunye namazwe evula uqoqosho lwazo, kulandele ugqabhuko-dubulo kumatyala aqinisekisiweyo, kulandele okunye ukuvalwa.
Nantsi indlela JP Morgan yazekelisa le ngcamango. Iprothokholi kukulinda de usulelo lube sezantsi kakhulu ngaphambi kokuphumla kude noluntu.
Kodwa i-US ayikhange izise usulelo olutsha kufutshane ne-zero njengoko uJP Morgan "ecebisa." Silengeze nje inani lamatyala amatsha kunye nokufa, njengoko kubonwe ngasentla kwigrafu yesibini. Ngokufanelekileyo, endaweni yokuvula uqoqosho ezantsi kwegophe, ngamatyala aphantsi, sivula kwakhona ngelixa sibambe ngokuthe nkqi kufutshane neyona ndawo iphakamileyo yamatyala amatsha emihla ngemihla.
Ke sisebenzisa elona zinga liphezulu lamatyala aqinisekisiweyo kunye nokufa njengesiseko esitsha-isiqhelo esitsha-ukuqhubela phambili "nomdaniso" wokuvula uqoqosho kwakhona.
Kuba isigqibo sokuvula kunye nokuvala sishiywe kumazwe, uninzi lwawo lusasokola ukufumana izixhobo zovavanyo kunye nokuqala umkhondo wonxibelelwano, akukho kuqonda kuqhelekileyo phakathi kwamagosa karhulumente okanye eluntwini malunga nokuba ilizwe kufuneka liphakame nini okanye qalisa kwakhona amanyathelo okuvalwa. Kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni lungakanani na uxinzelelo olubekwa kumagosa xa ixesha lifika.
Kuvoto lwe-15-20 ka-Aprili, ama-80 ekhulwini abo babuzwayo kuxhaswe utshixo oluqhubekayo. Kwi-poll ye-7-12 ka-Epreli, isibini esithathwini sathi sinexhala ngakumbi malunga norhulumente wabo wokususa izithintelo kwimisebenzi yoluntu ngokukhawuleza, ngokuchasene nesinye kwisithathu sixhalabile "ngokungakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo."
Kodwa ngubani onelizwi elikhulu ezindlebeni zezopolitiko, ebantwini okanye kumaqumrhu? Ukuba besidinga obunye ubungqina bokuba imidla yenkampani ilawula oorhulumente, yiyo le.
Abasebenzi abarhola imivuzo ephantsi bazakuqhuba bethwele ubunzima. Kwiindawo zokuxhela apho uninzi lwabasebenzi ingabantu abaMnyama okanye abafudukela eLatino, abasebenzi abakaze bavalwe ukuvalwa okanye nawaphi na amanyathelo okucothisa ukusasazeka. Njengoko bekuya kulindeleka, iindawo zabo zokusebenza ziindawo ezishushu zentsholongwane.
Abasebenzi bezothutho, abasebenzi begrosari, abasebenzi beposi, kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo kuye kwafuneka balwe izinyo kunye nezikhonkwane ngezixhobo zokukhusela. Okukhona abantu besebenzisa indlela yokuhamba kwaye besiya kwiivenkile ezithengisayo, kokukhona intsholongwane iya kusasazeka. Okukhona intsholongwane isasazeka, kokukhona izibhedlele zethu ziya kugcwala.
ABAQESHI BEKONA ABAGQIBA
Umfanekiso awuqaqambi nakubaqeshi. Ukungaqeshwa kwabantu abaninzi kuthetha ukuba inkcitho yabathengi iya kuba phantsi ixesha elide. Iinkampani ezinengeniso enciphayo ziya kusabela ngokunyanzeliswa kwemvume engakumbi ngenzondelelo, ukuqhatha imibutho yabasebenzi, ukucinezela abasebenzi ukuba basebenze nzima ukuze banciphise amandla โokugqithiseleโ, nokucinezela oorhulumente ukuba banciphise iirhafu zabo baze bahluthe imiqathango yokusingqongileyo neyendawo yokusebenza. Kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo sibone iimeko ezininzi zeenkampani zokwala ukwazisa abasebenzi bazo ngeemeko ze-COVID emsebenzini kwaye zibanyanzele ukuba basebenze ngaphandle kwePPE.
Ngokunjalo, oorhulumente bamazwe abajongene nokusilela okukhulu baya kufuna ukuqhawula izivumelwano zemanyano okanye bafune imvume, bazame ukukhupha izibophelelo zabo zomhlalaphantsi (njengoko kucetyisiwe nguMitch McConnell), kunye neenkonzo zoluntu.
Iimanyano kufuneka zilungiselele into ezayo: iphulo lokufumana iimvume eziqatha kunokuba sikhe sakubona, phakathi kwentswela-ngqesho enkulu. Kwaye bonke abasebenzi, nokuba banomanyano okanye akunjalo, kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo adibeneyo ukuze bazikhusele. Cofa Apha kwimizekelo emininzi kunye nobuchule.
LANDELA OKUSEBENZEYO
Nanga amanyathelo amane urhulumente wase-US anokuthi awathathe ukuba ufuna ukulandela iimodeli eziyimpumelelo zokulwa le ntsholongwane esetyenziswa eMzantsi Korea naseJamani:
- Sebenzisa uMthetho weMveliso yoKhuselo ukuqondisa ngokutsha amandla ethu okwenziwa kwemveliso yasekhaya ekuvelisweni ngobuninzi bezixhobo zovavanyo ze-COVID-19 kunye nePPE.
- Qala inkqubo kazwelonke yokukhangela abafowunelwa ngokucwangcisiweyo. Ukuze usebenze, le nkqubo iya kufuna ukuqeshwa kwe amakhulu amawaka abasebenzi, eza kuba nebhonasi eyongezelelekileyo yokunceda ukwehlisa intswela-ngqesho.
- Ngokusekwe kulwazi olufunyenwe kuvavanyo lobuninzi kunye nokulandela umkhondo, i-CDC kufuneka ivelise iimodeli zokuxela kwangaphambili ezibonisa ukuba ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke, kubambe ngokuthe nkqi, okanye kunciphe kwiiveki ezizayo, kunokuba ithi 'imisele ikhondo labo lesenzo. kwiimodeli ezikhuphisanayo nezahlukeneyo.
- Hlala kukuvalwa kwelizwe de sibe sehlise amatyala amatsha kufutshane neqanda kwaye sinesicwangciso selizwe esikhoyo esisebenzisa uvavanyo kunye nokulandela umkhondo. Oko ke kunokuthi kusenze sikwazi ukuvula uqoqosho ngononophelo ngelixa sinciphisa ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela