Umthombo: Uthungelwano lwaBasebenzi loZinzo
Ikamva lezindululo zikaBiden zika- “Build Back Better”-kunye nabantu abasebenza nzima kwilizwe lonke-inokuxhomekeka kungekuphela nje kubaphathi beofisi eWashington kodwa kwisenzo sabantu abaqhelekileyo ukuphendula kwiingxaki ezininzi zanamhlanje. Amagqabantshintshi amahlanu adlulileyo kolu ngcelele avavanye indlela abantu abasebenzayo abasebenzise ngayo "amandla abantu" ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kuxinzelelo lweCoronavirus. Olu hlaziyo luphonononga isenzo sobuninzi ukusukela oko kwaqala ubhubhane kwaye luyithelekisa noxinzelelo olukhulu lweminyaka yoo-1930s. Inqaku elilandelayo elithi, “I Ikamva laBantu Amandla kuxinzelelo lweCoronavirus,” ijonga indima eyenziwa ngamanyathelo athandwayo kuqoqosho olukhulayo lwanamhlanje lwemeko yezopolitiko ize icebise ngemigaqo yexesha elizayo.
Kunyaka wokuqala we-Coronavirus Pandemic kunye noxinzelelo lwe-coronavirus olwalandelayo, "amandla abantu" adlale indima encinci eyaziwayo kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu-ebaliswa kumagqabantshintshi angaphambili kolu ngcelele- ekukhuseleni impilo kunye nempilo yezoqoqosho. [1] Ngaphandle kotshintsho kwimeko yezopolitiko yesizwe, bayaqhubeka ukuya kwixesha leBiden. Iintshukumo ezisebenzisa amandla abantu ngokuthe ngqo zinokubaluleke ngokufanayo kweli xesha. Ngokwenene, xa kujongwa iyantlukwano ebukhali phakathi kwenkqubo yamagunya amiselwe ngokwezopolitiko, isenzo esinjalo sinokudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi.
Ngelixa iziganeko ezimangalisayo eWashington zibambe ingqalelo kuzwelonke, kwiiveki ezilandela unyulo lukaJoe Biden nazo zabona uthotho lwezenzo “zamandla abantu” kwilizwe liphela. NgoMartin Luther King, Jr. Day, abasebenzi kwizixeko ezingaphezu kwe-15 babetha eMcDonald's, Taco Bell, Burger King kunye nezinye iivenkile zokutya ezikhawulezayo njengenxalenye ye-Fight for $ 15 kunye neManyano. Ootitshala baseChicago badelela ibhodi yesikolo yesixeko baza bala ukubuyela emsebenzini phantsi kweemeko ababezigqala njengezingakhuselekanga.[2] Abongikazi babambe "usuku lokuthatha amanyathelo" ngoqhanqalazo kumazwe angaphezu kweshumi elinambini befuna izixhobo zokuzikhusela, uvavanyo lwe-COVID, abasebenzi aboneleyo, kunye nekhefu lokugula.[3] E-Olympia, eWash., baxhasa abantu abangenazindlu, besithi “Kubanda kakhulu ukuba abantu bangalala ezitratweni, ngakumbi ngexesha lobhubhani,” kuthengwe amagumbi ali-4 kumbindi wedolophu iRed Lion Hotel; xa abantu abangenamakhaya abasuka kwiinkampu ezikufuphi babezama ukungena kumagumbi, amapolisa abakhupha.[17] Abasebenzi baseHunts Point Terminal Produce Market kwisiXeko saseNew York babetha iveki, bavalelwa ukubanjwa ngamapolisa ngelixa bechola ngoxolo, kwaye ekugqibeleni baphumelela i-$5 yokunyuswa kweyure kunye ne-$.1.85 yeesenti ngeyure igalelo lomqeshi kukhathalelo lwempilo.[40]
Abantu Banamandla kuxinzelelo lweCoronavirus
Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka ubhubhani we-coronavirus ekuqaleni kuka-2020, kuye kwakho okuninzi okungaqhelekanga kodwa okubalulekileyo kokuzihlanganisa kunye nesenzo "samandla abantu". Umbutho ongaqeshwanga udibanise amawakawaka abantu kuthungelwano lwe-intanethi nasezitalatweni ukuze bafune ukulungiswa kweenkqubo ezingasebenziyo zentswela-ngqesho karhulumente. Uqhanqalazo lwe-Wildcat- ekuxelwe ukuba lungaphezulu kwe-1000 okoko kwaqala ubhubhane-lufuna iZixhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu, iindawo zokusebenzela ezikhuselekileyo kwi-COVID, kunye nentlawulo eyongezelelweyo yabasebenzi abayimfuneko.[7] Uqhankqalazo kunye nezoyikiso zogwayimbo lootitshala kwilizwe lonke zinyanzelise ukuba kubanjwe iiklasi kuphela kwizikolo ezikhuselekileyo kwi-COVID. Amawakawaka athathe inxaxheba kugwayimbo lokurenta nezinye izenzo zezindlu. Abantu abazizigidi ezilishumi elinesihlanu bathathe inxaxheba kuqhanqalazo lweBlack Lives Matter-olona qhanqalazo lukhulu kwimbali yaseMelika-kunye noqhanqalazo lweBlack Lives Matter luxhaswe zezinye zeemanyano ezinkulu zaseMelika. NgoDisemba, imanyano yaseLos Angeles yadibanisa ezempilo, imibutho yabasebenzi kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni emele amashumi amawaka abasebenzi baseLos Angeles, kubandakanywa nabasebenzi bezempilo abaphambili, abafundisi-ntsapho bebanga le-12 ukuya kwele-XNUMX kunye nabafundisi baseyunivesithi, abasebenzi bevenkile yokutya, abasebenzi abanobubele, abafundisayo, abameli bezindlu kunye nobulungisa bobuhlanga ukuba bafune ukuvalwa kweeveki ezine "zokwaphula isekethe" kunye nenetha zokhuseleko kumashishini, abasebenzi kunye neentsapho ukuze bahlale ekhaya ngokukhuselekileyo. Amakhulu amawaka asinda kubunzima boxinzelelo lwe-coronavirus ngokuzilungelelanisa ukuncedana.
Umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu uye wachatshazelwa ngamandla sisenzo samandla abantu abanjalo. Amawaka eenkampani kunye noorhulumente basekhaya baye banyanzeleka ukuba babonelele ngeZixhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu kwaye bazise imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuselayo yempilo yoluntu. Amabango ootitshala, ugwayimbo, kunye namaqhinga oxinzelelo adlale indima enkulu ekuqulunqweni komgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo nowezemfundo, ukuvalwa kwezikolo nokumisela iimeko ezinokuphinda zivulwe phantsi kwazo. Ukulwela ugwayimbo lweedola ezili-15 kukhuthaze amazwe amaninzi ukuba apasise i-15 ye-dollar ephantsi yomthetho womvuzo kwaye incede ukukhokela uLawulo lwe-Biden ukuba luquke umvuzo ophantsi we-15 yeedola njengenxalenye yebhili ye-American Rescue.
Ezi ntshukumo zibonelela ngemvelaphi ebalulekileyo yokuqonda isiqalo esimangalisayo sobongameli bukaJoe Biden. Lo mbutho wezopolitiko uzimiseleyo, owaziwa ngokuchasa ukhathalelo lwempilo kubo bonke uchazwe-ngokubaxwa okuthobekileyo-njengokuthatha inyathelo eliqhubela phambili kwiintsuku zakhe ezisibhozo zokuqala e-ofisini kunokuba uBarack Obama wenzayo kwiminyaka yakhe esibhozo yonke. Uchonge iingxaki ezinkulu zeli xesha lethu: imozulu, ubhubhane, ubunzima bezoqoqosho, ukongama kwabamhlophe, kwaye ngoku nengxaki yedemokhrasi. Uye wathembisa ukuba inkqubo yakhe "Build Back Better" iya kubaphendula. Mhlawumbi wayenombono kwindlela eya eDamasko - kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba usabela kuxinzelelo oluvela ngezantsi olubonakaliswe kungekuphela nje kwisenzo sonyulo kodwa kumaphulo okhuseleko lwe-COVID, ugwayimbo kunye nezisongelo zogwayimbo, uqhanqalazo lweBlack Lives Matter, kunye noqhanqalazo lootitshala noluntu. kukhuseleko lwesikolo. Ikamva lakhe ngokufanayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba liphenjelelwa ngamandla eengcinezelo ezinjalo ezisuka ngaphantsi.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, njengoko amandla ezopolitiko abonakala emile phakathi kukaDkt. Akukho baRiphabhlikhi kunye neeDemokhrasi ezahlulahlulwe malunga nokuba ziqhube utshintsho okanye zibuyele "kwisiqhelo," amandla abantu angenza umehluko omkhulu kwindlela esilungisa ngayo iingxaki ezininzi zemozulu, ubhubhane, ukudakumba kwezoqoqosho, ukongama kwabamhlophe, kunye nedemokhrasi. Ngaphaya koko, kunokunceda ukubeka isiseko sohlaziyo olunzulu kunye nokufikelela kude kuDili mtsha oLuhlaza.
Imbali yeSivumelwano esitsha sokuqala sinikezela ngeengcebiso malunga nokuba oku kunokwenzeka njani.
Abantu Banamandla Kunxunguphalo Olukhulu
Ngeentsuku zokuqala zokuDodobala okuKhulu kweyee-1930s, amakhulu amawaka abantu athabatha inxaxheba kwimingcelele yendlala, imibutho engaqeshwanga, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzinceda, uqhanqalazo lwasezitalatweni, izenzo zokuchasa ukugxothwa, ukuvalwa “kweeholide zasefama,” ugwayimbo, kunye nemisebenzi yeeholo zedolophu kunye namakomkhulu karhulumente. Injongo yabo yayikukunyanzela oorhulumente basekhaya, bakarhulumente, kunye nabaphezulu ukuba bajongane neemfuno zabo bathwaxwe yintlekele yezoqoqosho. Indima yabo yayibaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi nangemva konyulo lwe-1932 olwakhokelela kulawulo lwezopolitiko lweDemokhrasi kunye nokubhengezwa kweNtsha entsha. Incede ukubeka isiseko selona xesha likhulu lohlaziyo lwentlalo ukusukela kwiMfazwe yombango kunye nelona xesha likhulu lombutho wabasebenzi.
UFranklin D. Roosevelt wangena kwi-ofisi yobongameli njenge-fiscal conservative ethembise ukulinganisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngaphandle kwesicwangciso esicacileyo sokulwa noxinzelelo olukhulu. Isivumelwano sakhe esitsha saqala njengenkqubo yohlaziyo ejolise ngakumbi ekusindiseni ishishini laseMelika kunokuhlangula abantu balo. Phakathi kwezenzo zakhe zokuqala yayikukucutha imivuzo karhulumente kunye nezibonelelo zamagqala. Kodwa iintshukumo ezingaphangeliyo kunye nabasebenzi ziqhubekile nokunyanzela oorhulumente basekhaya, belizwe, kunye nelizwe ukuba bajongane nobunzima kwaye bandise isiqabu. Uxinzelelo olusuka ngezantsi-ukusuka kwizinto ezithandwa ngabantu abangaphangeliyo, abasebenzi, kunye namafama-yayisele ijike imeko yonxunguphalo ethe cwaka yaba sisoyikiso kwisimo esikhoyo. Roosevelt uphendule ngothotho lwamanyathelo oncedo olungxamisekileyo eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ubunzima, uqhanqalazo, kunye nokuhla kokudakumba.
Ixesha leDeal Deal limele ulungelelwaniso lwembali kwezopolitiko zaseMelika njengamaqela eentlanga zasezidolophini, abantu basemaphandleni, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika, abasebenzi, kunye nabanye ababethwaxwa luxinzelelo olukhulu olukhukulisekileyo kwiDemocratic Party, beyila into eyaziwa ngokuba yiNew Deal Coalition. Kodwa inyathelo elithe ngqo elisuka ngezantsi laliyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kumanyathelo aphambili eSivumelwano esitsha sokuqala. Isongelo sezenzo zabangasebenziyo sabeka isiseko seenkqubo ezingxamisekileyo ezifana ne-Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), i-Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), kunye ne-Works Progress Administration (WPA). Umbutho weHolide yaseFama uncede ukubiza uMthetho woLungiso lwezoLimo (AAA).
Kodwa umphumo woxinzelelo ovela ngaphantsi awuzange uphelele apho. Ukungaphangeli, umbutho wombutho, ugwayimbo, kunye nentshukumo yomhlalaphantsi-idityaniswe neentshukumo ezininzi ezikhokelwa ziinkokeli ezikhohlakeleyo ezifana nerhuluneli yaseLouisiana uHuey Long kunye nomfundisi kanomathotholo uBawo uCharles Coughlin-wakhokela uRoosevelt ngo-1935-6 ukuba akhethe ukwenza i-cascade yezinye. iinkqubo ezibukhali ezihlala zibizwa ngababhali-mbali ngokuthi "yiSivumelwano esitsha seSibini." Umbutho wabantu abadala wenkamnkam ekhokelwa nguGqr. Francis Townsend kunye nephulo lezabasebenzi kunye nelokungaphangeli kuMthetho oyilwayo we-Inshurensi yokungaphangeli kwabasebenzi (i-Lundeen bill) yabeka isiseko soKhuseleko lweNtlalo. Uqhankqalazo luka-1934 kunye noqhanqalazo jikelele lwadala uxinzelelo olwakhokelela kuMthetho kaWagner kunye nokukhula komanyano lwamashishini. Roosevelt uxhase ngempumelelo ukudlula koMthetho weRhafu yoBuTyebi ka-1935 ukuze ebe indudumo yentshukumo yerhafu eqhubekayo yeSabelo soButyebi bethu exhaswa nguHuey Long. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu abaninzi ngabasebenzi kunye nabangasebenziyo kwanceda ukusindisa uKhuseleko lweNtlalo ekutshisweni ngamaRiphabhlikhi kwiCongress. Kwakhona kwanceda ukunciphisa amandla kunye nesibongozo semibutho yabamhlophe, i-right-wing, kunye ne-fascist eyayisongela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukugqabhuka kwesizwe.
Ixesha lohlaziyo olumangalisayo lweSivumelwano esitsha lahlala ixesha elifutshane. Ngowe-1936 iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaqalisa ukubhengeza iinkqubo ezinkulu zeSivumelwano Esitsha ukuba azikho kumgaqo-siseko. Ukuqala ngo-1937 umfelandawonye obambeleyo kwiNkongolo phakathi kwamaRiphabhlikhi kunye neDemokhrasi yaseMazantsi "Dixiecrats" yaphelisa uwiso lomthetho weDeal Deal. Ngelixa uninzi lweemfuno zabo zahlangatyezwa okanye zajikwa, iintshukumo zesininzi-ngaphezu kwayo yonke intshukumo yabasebenzi ekhulayo-yaqhubeka isebenzisa amandla abantu ukujongana neemfuno zabo basezantsi.
Kumabali endaweva ebutsheni bam kubathengisi abaNtsha abadala bekuhlala kukho iiseti ezimbini zeentshaba. Omnye yayingabadlali abalungileyo-uninzi lweqela leRiphabhlikhi, iiLeaguers zeNkululeko, imibutho echasene nabasebenzi, i-HUAC, i-FBI, kunye nobuhlanga kunye nabachasene namaSemite eentlobo ezininzi. Kodwa kwakukho enye isethi yeentshaba- "iintshaba ezingaphakathi" zomdibaniso omtsha. Baquka i-Herbert Hoover-initiated Reconstruction Finance Corporation, i-Roosevelt-backed J. Edgar Hoover, kunye ne-Southern white supremacists kwi-Democratic Party. Kwi-argot yosuku babedla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yinkohliso" Abathengisi abatsha-ngokuzimela ngokungenathuba phantsi kwengubo edumileyo yoLawulo lweRoosevelt ngelixa bezama ukujongela phantsi eyona migaqo-nkqubo kunye nabaxhasi bayo. URoosevelt wayengumlamli kwaye kwangaxeshanye ekujoliswe kuko kule mizabalazo ngaphakathi komanyano lweNew Deal. Wayekwayinxalenye yeyona migaqo-nkqubo yokuphendula yabhengezwa egameni leSivumelwano eNtsha, ngakumbi ezo zinyuswe ngobuhlanga bobuzwe baseMazantsi kunye neengqungquthela.
Ngexesha lohlaziyo kusenokubakho amaqumrhu kunye namanye amandla anamandla afuna ukuxhasa imiba ethile yenkqubo yohlaziyo. Basenokwenza oko ngenxa yokoyika iingxaki ezingakumbi okanye isiphithiphithi ekuhlaleni; ukusuka ekuqapheliseni iingxaki ezinkulu zentlalo ezisongela uluntu lonke; okanye kwiinzuzo ezithile ezinokuthi zenziwe yinkampani okanye icandelo elithile. Ngeminyaka yee-1930 abanye abantu abakumgangatho ophezulu baxhasa iinkqubo zoncedo zomanyano kuba babesoyika uqhushululu kunye nemvukelo. Abaninzi baxhasa iNational Recovery Administration (NRA) kuba babevakalelwa kukuba kukho into efunekayo ukuze kuliwe nokuDodobala Okukhulu. Ezinye iinkampani-umzekelo uGeneral Electric-zixhase amalungelo awondisiweyo omsebenzi ngenxa yokuba ziza kunika iinkampani zazo ezinkulu, ezihambele phambili kwezobuchwepheshe inzuzo ngaphezulu kokhuphiswano lwazo oluncinci, olusemva kwetekhnoloji. (Ngokunjalo, namhlanje amanye amacandelo oshishino axhasa ezinye iindawo zenkqubo yohlaziyo lweBiden. I-Chamber of Commerce yase-US yaqhwabela izandla isicwangciso se-Biden Rescue-kodwa yathi akufuneki ihlale ixesha elide.) Inkqubo ye-New Deal yayingenakuze iphunyezwe kwaye iphunyezwe inkxaso enjalo. Kodwa ukuxhomekeka kumandla anjalo kukwabeka umda kwindlela iinguqu ezinokuhamba ngayo. Kunokuba nzima ukwazi ixesha lokusebenzisana nemikhosi enjalo kunye nexesha lokulwa nayo, kodwa zombini ziyimfuneko.
isiphelo
Kwibala lomzabalazo elinzima ngolo hlobo, izenzo zabo bachaphazeleka bubunzima babonisa uluntu, abeendaba, kunye nabezopolitiko ukuba impendulo yoluntu ibalulekile kwaye ingxamisekile. Kulula ukungabahoyi abantu abasisigidi abalambileyo, kodwa akulula ukungabahoyi abantu abasisigidi abalambileyo abacinezela iimfuno zabo kwiiofisi zikarhulumente nasezitratweni.
Isenzo esinjalo sibonisa abezopolitiko ukuba kukho iindawo zovoto ezisweleyo ekunokubhenelwa kuzo-kwaye ukuba omnye wezopolitiko okanye umkhosi wezopolitiko awubheneli kubo, abo bakhuphisana nabo banokukwenza oko. Njengoko omnye uMthengisi oMtsha wakudala wandixelela malunga neSivumelwano esitsha sesibini, uRoosevelt kwafuneka aqhubeke ephambili kumlo wenkqubela yentlalontle okanye abantu baya kukhangela ezinye iinkokeli-ezinjengoHuey Long kunye noBawo uCoughlin. Kwalaa mandla aguqukayo anokusebenza kwixesha loxinzelelo lwe-coronavirus.
Amagqabantshintshi alandelayo kolu ngcelele, "Ikamva laBantu Amandla kuxinzelelo lweCoronavirus," liza kujonga nzulu ngakumbi kwimicimbi yobuchule ejongene nezenzo zamandla abantu kwixesha leBiden.
[1] Uqhankqalazo! Amagqabantshintshi ngeSolidarity kunye nokusinda
[2] Chauncey Alcorn, "Abasebenzi bokutya okukhawulezayo bagwayimba ukuhlonipha uMartin Luther King Jr.," CNN Business, KCTV 5, January 15, 2021.
[3] USophia Tareen, "Ootitshala baseChicago bavotela ukufundisa ekhaya, bedelela isithili," I-Associated Press, KuJanuwari 24, 2021.
[4] U-Ian Prasad uPhilbrick kunye noReed Abelson, "Imibutho yoNonophelo lwezeMpilo ifumana ilizwi kubhubhane," The New York Times, ihlaziywe nge-29 kaJanuwari 2021.
[5] Alta Spell, "I-Olympia, amapolisa aseWashington akhupha ihotele emva kokuba 'ihlala' liqela labaphembeleli abangenamakhaya, isixeko sithi," CNN US, ngoFebruwari 1, 2021.
[6] Edward Ongweso Omnci, "Amapolisa abambe abasebenzi ababalulekileyo beManyano ababetha i-1 yeedola," Vice, KuJanuwari 19, 2021.
kwaye "Ukuphela koqhankqalazo oluthathe iveki yonke: ENew York: Abasebenzi bemarike yaseHunts Point bayavumelana nothethathethwano," Hortidaily, Februwari 4, 2021.
[7] Uqikelelo luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwingcaciso yogwayimbo. Jonga uChris Brooks, "Jonga iNyaniso: Ngaba kukho ugwayimbo lwama-wildcat angama-500 ngoJuni?" Ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi, Juni 23, 2020 kunye neembekiselo apho.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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