Kwingxelo yayo yamva nje yonyaka malunga nokusebenza kwemithombo yeendaba, i-watchdog esekwe e-US uBulungisa kunye nokuChaneka kwiNgxelo (FAIR) iphawule ukuba:
"Uninzi lwabantu luyazi ukuba iindaba zeendaba zixhomekeke kwiidola zentengiso yenkampani - nangona inyani ingafane ixoxwe, kwaye xa kunjalo, abahleli kunye nabavelisi baya kugxininisa ukuba akukho nxibelelwano phakathi kweenkampani ezithenga iintengiso kunye nomxholo weendaba." (‘Uloyiko neNkoliseko – INgxelo yeSithandathu yoNyaka yeFAIR,’ Eyongezelelweyo!, Matshi/Aprili 2006; www.fair.org/index.php?page=2848)
Ke, apha eBritani, uGuy Keleny we-Independent uthi:
“Umshicileli wasimahla, oqhutywa ngokurhweba, kufuneka ubeke i-firewall phakathi kokubhalwa kwentatheli kunye neentengiso ezihlawula amatyala. […] Abacholacholi beendaba abavumeli ukuba ingxelo yabo iphazanyiswe yimidla yabathengisi, kwaye abakhangisi bakhululekile ukuba bathethe into abayithandayo kwindawo abayithengileyo (ngokuxhomekeke kumthetho kunye neekhowudi zeshishini) ngaphandle kokujonga inqaku lomhleli wephephandaba. izimvo.” (UGuy Keleny, ‘Iimpazamo kunye nokushiyeka,’ I-Independent, ngo-Oktobha 7, 2006)
Sibhalele uKeleny ngo-Okthobha 9, sicebisa ukuba umfanekiso awupeyintwe ngodonga lomlilo phakathi kokunika ingxelo kunye neentengiso awuhambelani nenyani:
Umzekelo, ngaba uyazi ukuba kulo nyaka uphelileyo iBP kunye noMorgan Stanley bobabini bakhuphe imiyalelo efuna ukuba iintengiso zabo zitsalwe kulo naluphi na uhlelo lopapasho oluquka umxholo ‘onokuchaswa’? I-BP iye yade yafuna isaziso sangaphambili sawo nawaphi na amabali akhankanya inkampani, umntu okhuphisana nenkampani okanye ishishini le-oyile kunye namandla ngokubanzi. [FAIR, op.cit.]”
Sabonisa ukuba izivumelwano ezinjalo azifani. Siphinde sacaphula i-FAIR:
“Nangona ezi mfuno zinokubonakala ngathi lungenelelo olunzima kwinkqubo yokuhlela, inyaniso ikukuba, njengoko omnye umhleli ongaziwa waxelela [ijenali yezorhwebo] Advertising Age (ngoMeyi 16, 2005), kukho 'uluhlu olude kakhulu lweenkampani ezinemiyalelo efana nale. .'”
Siye saqaphela ukuba kwikholamu yakhe ethi 'Iimpazamo kunye nokuPhuhliswa' uKeleny akakhange akhankanye ukuba umshicileli osemgangathweni, kubandakanya i-Independent, ixhomekeke kwintengiso malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zengeniso yayo. Kuya kuba kungenangqondo ukubanga ukuba oku akunampembelelo ekubumbeni umxholo wephephandaba lakhe. Njengoko umhleli wangaphambili kaKeleny uAndrew Marr ebhale ngomsebenzi wakhe:
"Owona mbuzo mkhulu kukuba ingaba intengiso iyayinciphisa kwaye iphinda imise i-ajenda yeendaba. Iyenza, kunjalo. Kunzima ukwenza izibalo zidibanise xa ukhaba abantu ababhala iitshekhi. " (Marr, ‘Urhwebo lwam,’ Macmillan, 2004, p.112)
Olu lungelelwaniso luvumelanayo luqondwa kakuhle kuyo yonke indawo. NgoAprili ka-2004, uNick Taylor, umhleli wephephancwadi iGuardian’s Spark, wasixelela ngokuphandle:
“Wakhe wasebenza ekusungulweni kwemagazini? Eyokuqala nekuphela kwemibuzo yokwenyani yile: ngubani oza kubhengeza [kwimveliso]? Ngaba iza kufundwa ngabantu abathengisi abafuna ukufikelela kubo?
“Abafundi/ababukeli/abaphulaphuli yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuye nawuphi na umpapashi okanye umsasazi. Kodwa, ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, [oku] ikakhulu kuba amanani aphezulu abafundi athetha ingeniso ephezulu yentengiso. Kwaye imidiya iphila kuphela ngeentengiso. Mna kunye nabo bonke ababhali / abahleli / abasasazo singathanda ukuba yahluke kodwa akukho ndlela yokukhetha - iindleko ezisisiseko zokuvelisa uMgcini wosuku ngalunye (ngokuqinisekileyo) zingaphezulu kwexabiso le-cover.
Sayiphelisa i-imeyile yethu kuKeleny ngokuthi “sinethemba lokuba uzimisele kwaye ukwazi ukuphendula kula manqaku angasentla, nceda. Le yimibandela ebalulekileyo, akunjalo?”
Ngosuku olulandelayo, uKeleny waphendula ngolu hlobo:
“Bendingayazi loo nto ngeBP kunye noMorgan Stanley. Kodwa izoyikiso zababhengezi ngokukwala upapasho olushicilela izinto abangazithandiyo aziyonto intsha. Iphephandaba lasekuhlaleni leveki nganye lizifumana kumaxesha ngamaxesha. Umbuzo ngowokuba ngaba umhleli uyanikezela na kubo. Ndicinga ukuba abanye bayakwenza kwaye abanye abakwenzi. " (I-imeyile evela kuGuy Keleny ukuya kuDavid Cromwell, ngo-Oktobha 10, 2006)
Esi sisandi sokukhala kwefirewall! Khumbula amazwi kaKeleny akhaliphileyo njengoko egqabaza kwinqaku lakhe: “Iintatheli azivumeli ukuba ingxelo yazo iphazanyiswe yimidla yabathengisi.â€
I-Spin Cycle – I-Greenwash eJikelezayo
Ingxelo yonyaka ye-FAIR ibonise ukuba kunye nokubhukuqa iingxelo zeendaba ezinokuthi zonakalisa, abathengisi abanamandla bathanda nokuqinisekisa ukuba badibene ne-positive spin. Ngaloo ndlela, i-31 ka-Oktobha i-2005 yephephancwadi i-Time yayinecandelo elithi "Ikamva laMandla". Oku kugxininise kwiinzame zokufumana ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa endaweni yeoli nokwenza ukuveliswa kweoli kusebenze ngakumbi. I-FAIR ishwankathele isiqwenga:
“Kulo lonke eli nqaku ibiziintengiso ezigcwele iphepha leBP, ezinetaglines ezifana ‘notyalo-mali kwikamva lethu lamandla,’ ecacisa indlela inkampani ezilandela ngayo ezinye iindlela kwioyile. I-BP ikwakhankanywa ngumthombo kwinqaku lexesha lenqaku njengenye yeenkampani zamandla ezintsha. Oko, ngokuqinisekileyo, bekusimahla. ” (FAIR, op. cit.)
Abafundi abaninzi beMedia Lens baya kuqaphela ukuba i-BP yentengiso ibonakala rhoqo kwi-Independent, kunye neentengiso zephepha elipheleleyo kushicilelo loshicilelo kunye neentengiso ze-BP 'Ithagethi engathathi hlangothi' ekujikelezweni rhoqo kuhlelo lwe-intanethi (njengoko zinjalo kwiwebhusayithi ye-Guardian) . Ezi ntengiso zijikelezayo zizixhobo ezingundoqo zokuhlaza, ezibonisa umfanekiso ongeyonyani wenkampani enkulu yeoli esebenza ngokungadinwayo ukusuka kumafutha efosili ukuya kwikamva eliluhlaza esekwe kumandla acocekileyo nahlaziyekayo.
Akumangalisi ukuba i-BP ichitha imali enkulu ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli ababonelelwe yiThe Independent kunye neThe Guardian - abafundi abanempembelelo kunye nabatyebileyo kunye (ngokuphindaphindiweyo) ukutyekela kwe-liberal-green. Ngokusungula ugwayimbo lwangaphambili kubantu abanokuthi bathandabuze izigebenga zamafutha efosili, iBP ijolise ekubeni babe “secaleni”. Umyalezo ocacileyo uthi: "Sifana nawe - sixhalabile malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Senza into malunga nayo ngokuya eluhlaza - ngokuya 'ngaphaya kwepetroleum'. Sonke siyinxalenye yentshukumo enye”.
Ngaba abahleli abakhulu abaZimeleyo, sizibuze, bazimisele ukuxoxa ngemibandela ebaluleke kangaka?
Ukwazi ukuba umhleli wephepha, uSimon Kelner, ngodumo akazange aphendule kubafundi, endaweni yoko sathumela i-imeyile kwisekela lakhe, u-Ian Birrell:
"Kuhle ukubona iphepha eliphambili le-Independent namhlanje (uMichael McCarthy, 'Inkulungwane yembalela,' i-Independent', ngo-Oktobha 4, 2006) - nangona inqaku le-intanethi lijikelezwe ngeentengiso ze-BP, ngokumangalisayo.
“Kutheni iqela lephephandaba lenu liqhubeka nokuthatha ingeniso yentengiso kwiBP, umbutho othi:
“(a) ubangela umonakalo ongathethekiyo kuzinzo lwemozulu; kwaye
“(b) izama ukugquma iingoma zayo ngokusebenzisa iintengiso ezinamaphepha apheleleyo kwiThe Independent yongeza iziqinisekiso zayo eziluhlaza?
"Njengoko iqela elisekelwe eOxford libonisa:
“Iqhinga leBP lokwamkela ulwimi lweengcali zokusingqongileyo nokuzimisa njengenkampani enoxanduva loluntu kumba wokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokuthenga inkampani yelanga (ngeqhezu lemali eyichitha ekufumaneni ioyile) ngumzekelo ocacileyo wenkampani. ukuzama ukuthabatha ubunkokeli obukrelekrele kumcimbi apho uzifumanisa ugxekwa, kwaye ubhalwe kakuhle kwenye indawo.’ (IsiHlomelo soShishino, 'Yintoni engalunganga ngoXanduva lweNtlalo?,' p.5, 2006; http://www.corporatewatch.org/?lid=2670)
"Njengomfundi omdala we-Independent, ndiyathemba ukuba uya kuziva ukwazi ukuphendula le imeyile nceda." (I-imeyile ku-Ian Birrell evela kuDavid Cromwell, ngo-Oktobha 4, 2006)
Ngaphandle kokuthotywa ngobunono nge-imeyile yokulandela, uBirrell uye wagcina ukuthula. Ii-imeyile eziya ku-Imogen Haddon, umhleli olawulayo we-Independent kunye ne-Independent ngeCawa, kunye noCharlie Burgess, umanduleli wakhe wamva nje ongumcebisi weendaba, ngokufanayo akaphendulwanga.
Ngeli xesha, iintengiso zeshishini ezinengeniso ziyaqhubeka ukujikeleza kumajelo eendaba, zahlulwe ngokupheleleyo - ke sixelelwa - ukusuka kumbono oqinileyo kunye nophando oluzimeleyo lwentatheli yeendaba eqeshwe yinkampani.
ISICWANGCISO ESICETYISWAYO
Injongo yeMedia Lens kukukhuthaza ukuba nengqiqo, uvelwano kunye nentlonipho kwabanye. Xa sibhalela iintatheli iileta, sibongoza kakhulu abafundi ukuba bagcine ithoni ehloniphekileyo, engenabundlongondlongo nengaxhatshaziyo.
Bhalela u-Imogen Haddon, umhleli olawulayo we-Independent:
email: [imeyile ikhuselwe]
Bhalela u-Ian Birrell, usekela-mhleli we-Independent:
email: [imeyile ikhuselwe]
Bhalela uGuy Keleny, umbhali wemihlathi ozimeleyo (kunye nomhleli wephepha oonobumba):
email: [imeyile ikhuselwe]
Nceda SUKUPHENDULA idilesi ye-imeyile esisuka kuyo esi silumkiso seendaba. Nceda usithumelele i-imeyile apha: [imeyile ikhuselwe].
Incwadi yeMedia Lens ethi 'Abagcini baMandla: Inkolelo yeMedia ye-Liberal' nguDavid Edwards kunye noDavid Cromwell (Iincwadi zePluto, eLondon) yapapashwa ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka. Ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, kubandakanywa uphononongo, udliwano-ndlebe kunye nezicatshulwa, nceda ucofe apha:
http://www.medialens.org/bookshop/guardians_of_power.php
Esi silumkiso semidiya siza kugcinwa apha kungekudala:
http://www.medialens.org/alerts/06/061010_the_fictitious_firewall.php
Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yeMedia Lens: http://www.medialens.org
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela