Umthombo: IRiphabhlikhi eNtsha
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Kuninzi okuthandayo kwiKomiti eKhethekileyo yeNdlu kwiNgxaki yeMozulu Isicwangciso semozulu esinamaphepha angama-538. Idityaniswe ngamalungu alithoba eDemokhrasi ekomiti ngeengxoxo kunye nothethwano, uxwebhu olukhutshwe ngoLwesibini lunebhongo ngakumbi kunayo nantoni na ebinokuthi iphume eCapitol Hill nakwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo-enkosi kakhulu kuxinzelelo oluvela ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweeholo amandla.
Isicwangciso, nangona kunjalo, sikwacinga ukuba i-United States ilwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu iyodwa, urhulumente ozimeleyo onoqoqosho olufana nolo wayenalo kwisiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo. Lithuba elingaqhelekanga eliphosiweyo leeDemokhrasi ukuba zifake ngaphakathi oko abakhankasi bemozulu, ngakumbi abo basemazantsi ehlabathi, bebejongile amashumi eminyaka: Ikhabhoni ayiyeki emideni ngenxa yokuba umgaqo-nkqubo uyenza.
Ihlabathi elibanzi apho-ihlabathi apho i-US isanomdla amazwe Amafutha efosili-ayikhankanywanga kakhulu kwingxelo, njengoko injalo into yokuba abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo apha babambe amandla amakhulu kumaziko ezizwe ngezizwe anamandla okubumba ukuhamba korhwebo lwehlabathi ukuya kwiziphelo ezinekhabhoni ephantsi. Isicwangciso sichaphazela iSivumelwano saseParis kunye neNgxowa-mali yeMozulu yoHlaza esekwe phantsi kwenkxaso yayo. Kodwa ingxoxo yayo ngemiba yamazwe ngamazwe yokutshintsha kwemozulu ubukhulu becala ayihoyi imibuzo ecinezelayo yolawulo lwehlabathi kwaye yenza imifanekiso yaseMelika ephantsi kohlaselo, ikhusela inkitha yeembacu zemozulu ngomkhosi othenga amatanki aluhlaza.
Le ngxelo ithi: “Imeko yemozulu yandisa isoyikiso ngokwemeko yelizwe njengoko ukunqongophala kwezixhobo kunye neentlekele eziphembelela ungquzulwano, ukufuduka kwabantu abaninzi, ukruthakruthwano lwezentlalo nezopolitiko. Zimbalwa iingcali ezinokuphikisa le ngxelo. Ukanti umyalelo wengxelo wokuhlangabezana nemiceli mngeni enjalo uxhomekeke kwiindlela zokulwa endaweni yentsebenziswano: “Ubunkokeli boburhulumente bufuna ulungelelwaniso kuyo yonke inzululwazi, ukhuseleko, kunye namashishini okhuselo ukuze ajongane nezoyikiso kwiziseko zomkhosi kunye nokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwehlabathi.” Ngelixa isicwangciso sikhuthaza ukufuduka kwezilwanyana zasendle ukunqumla imida kunye nemozulu efanelekileyo ngakumbi, siphatha ukufuduka kwabantu njengomngcipheko, siyalela iSebe loKhuseleko lweLizwe ukuba lizibandakanye nezinye ii-arhente ukulungiselela “ukufuduka okuqhutywa yimozulu nokuwela imida.” Ngokuncomekayo, ababhali bengxelo bayacebisa ukuba yamkelwe kwaye ibonelele ngokhuseleko olusemthethweni kubantu abangama-50,000 “abafuduswa yimozulu ngonyaka.” Kodwa ngenxa yokuba abantu abazizigidi ezili-16.1 baye bafuduswa kulo nyaka uphelileyo ziintlekele ezinxulumene nemozulu, ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba i-quota elinganiselweyo inokoyiswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuqulunqa inkalo yamazwe ngamazwe yomngeni wemozulu njengesoyikiso sokhuseleko lwesizwe yinto eqhelekileyo, naphakathi kwenkqubela phambili. Ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwi- xenophobia, le lensi imxinwa iza ngexabiso lezisombululo ezibanzi. Ngokukodwa, olu yilo luthande ukujongela phantsi imfuno yomgaqo-nkqubo onovelwano ngakumbi wokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe njengoko abantu befuna ikhusi kwiingxaki zemozulu iU.S. idlale indima enkulu ekudaleni.
Isicwangciso sekomiti sithatha umbono odanyazayo wokuba impendulo egcweleyo yase-US kule ngxaki inokubonakala njani. “Kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo nabuthathaka, ezi zothuso ziqhutywa yimozulu zinokuqhuba ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye nemibutho yeembacu. Umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle wase-US kunye noncedo lunokunceda ukulungisa izoyikiso zobuntu kwihlabathi liphela zokutshintsha kwemozulu ngaphambi kokuba zibe zizoyikiso zokhuseleko lwelizwe, ”itshilo ikomiti. Ngaphandle kokudwelisa nawaphi na amanani athile, iphakamisa ngakumbi ukuba iCongress "ifake imali efunekayo ukuze ihlangabezane nokuzibophelela kwethu kwezemali kwiNgxowa-mali yeMozulu yeMozulu," iqumrhu elenza isibonelelo limiselwe njengenxalenye yeNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu ukubonelela ngezibonelelo. ukuthomalalisa nokuziqhelanisa, kunye nokudibanisa imozulu kumsebenzi we-Arhente yaseMelika yoPhuhliso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe.
Enyanisweni, kuninzi okunokwenziwa yi-U.S. ukuncedisa ngemali indlela eya kwikamva elinekhabhoni ephantsi, kunye neendawo ezininzi apho uthintelo lwayo luphazamisana neenzame zehlabathi zokufika apho. Njengoko amazwe asemazantsi ehlabathi ejongene nokubhabha okukhulu kwenkunzi, ukunyuka kwamanani afayo avela kwi-Covid-19, kunye nokudandatheka okunzulu, unobhala kaNondyebo wase-US uSteven Mnuchin uhlala evala i-International Monetary Fund Amalungelo aKhethekileyo okuzoba, imali ebotshelelwa kwiimali zelizwe ezintlanu ezahlukahlukeneyo—ukuba ibinokukhutshwa—enokunikela isiqabu ebesifuneka ngamandla kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi atsala nzima. Ukuvuma ukwenza ezo nkxaso-mali zifumaneke akusayi kuba kukungakhathali, mhlawumbi: Amazwe atyebileyo, ahlwempuzekileyo ngokwemali anokugrumba kwaye atshise amafutha efosili njengendlela yokwenza imali ngokukhawuleza—iindaba ezimbi kuye wonke umntu olapha emhlabeni. La mazwe aswele imali yokulungiselela ngokwaneleyo ukonakaliswa kwemozulu, incinci kakhulu i-leapfrog phezu kophuhliso lwefosili oluye lwanceda ukwakha ubutyebi bamazwe aseMantla kunye nokutshintshela kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa. IKomishoni yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoRhwebo noPhuhliso iyenzile umsebenzi oneenkcukacha ukuphelisa ukuba idemokhrasi yamazwe amaninzi, ukunyukela kwimingeni yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye eshushu nemanzi, inokukhangeleka njani. Iidemokhrasi ezinomdla kuguquko lwamandla ehlabathi ngokupheleleyo-ewe, ekuphela kohlobo olukwaziyo ukuphelisa intlekele-kungenza kakuhle ukuyiqwalasela.
Phakathi kwezona zinto zingcono i-US inokuzenzela kwimozulu kukukhupha ikhabhoni ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Isicwangciso sekomiti siwela kufutshane nakweli cala, nalo. Akukho mhla uqinisekileyo unikiweyo wokuba iU.S. iyeke ukwandisa inkqubo yayo yefosili. Endaweni yoko, ibonelela ngeepaeans zamaxesha athile kwiitekhnoloji zovavanyo lokubanjwa kwekhabhoni akukabikho bungqina banokufunxa izixa ezinentsingiselo zekhabhoni kwimveliso yamafutha efosili kwaye banokwandisa ubomi bamalahle, i-oyile kunye nerhasi ngokungeyomfuneko. Ngaphandle kobungqina obuninzi obubonisa ukuba i-US inokwenza i-decarbonize ngokukhawuleza ngobuchwephesha obusele bukhona, isicwangciso sibeka injongo yokuphumla yokwenza zonke iimoto zikhuphe i-zero-zero ngo-2035, icandelo lamandla net-zero-emission ngo-2040, kwaye yonke enye into icotha kunoko.
Oku kukude lee kubunkokeli obunobubele bemozulu yehlabathi ikomiti ethi iyazilwela. Ubutyebi obuninzi obubukhileyo yi-U.S. buyenza ukuba ikwazi ukujika ngokukhawuleza isuse amafutha efosili ukuba iyafuneka. Njengoko amazwe asemazantsi ehlabathi kudala echaza, usukelo olukude olufana nethagethi yekomiti ye- net-zero-by-2050 ishiya amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ukuba athwale umthwalo wokuphelisa ikhabhoni apho amazwe azizityebi akulungeleyo ukuwuthwala.
Isicwangciso sikwavumela ungcoliseko ukuba lube lula. Endaweni yokubeka nayiphi na imida ekuthunyelweni kwamafutha efosili, iyalela iFederal Energy Regulatory Commission ukuba ithathele ingqalelo iindleko zemozulu zokukhanyisa iziseko ezitsha. Kunokuba isebenzisane namazwe afana neTshayina-echithe iminyaka iphuhlisa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zemizi-mveliso yeetekhnoloji ezicocekileyo-isicwangciso sitshintsha imbono kaTrump yolawulo lwamandla kumhlaba oluhlaza kodwa ongekalingani ngokungqongqo: I-U.S., igcina ipropathi yobukrelekrele ngokwalo mbono, iya kulawula iimarike zokuthunyelwa kwamandla acocekileyo kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo ukuya kwinto ebizwa ngokuba ngamalahle acocekileyo.
Okuqaphelekayo, lo mbono ukwasilela ukubala nangayiphi na indlela neenyaniso zangoku zoqoqosho. Iindidi zemveliso yemveliso yenkulungwane yaphakathi ecingelwayo kwisicwangciso ziifolksy anachronisms okwangoku. Iifektri zetekhnoloji ezigqwesileyo kwihlabathi, umzekelo, ziqeshe abantu abambalwa kwimigangatho yeevenkile zabo, ezilawulwa ziinkqubo ezizenzekelayo. I-Decarbonization ngaphandle kokuphosa izigidi kwiimeko zokuhlala ezingazinzanga kuya kufuna abasebenzi abaguqukayo ngoku kumacandelo aphumayo-anzima ukuya kumsebenzi oluhlaza, bangathembi ithemba lobuxoki. uqoqosho lwemveliso oko kudala kuphelile. Mininzi imisebenzi ehlawulwa kakuhle kunye nedityanisiweyo ekufuneka yenziwe kutshintsho lwamandla-ekugqumeni, ukugcinwa, kunye nokwakha igridi ehlakaniphile, umzekelo-kodwa nomsebenzi omninzi ofuneka ngamandla sele isezantsi-carbon, uninzi lwayo namhlanje lwenziwa ngamabhinqa amaninzi ahlawulwa kancinane kwimisebenzi efana nokufundisa nowonga. Le misebenzi iluhlaza-enyanisweni, ukwandisa amacandelo asele ekho-isenokunganelisi iminqweno yakudala yemfazwe yokuba umanyano olupheleleyo lwezoqoqosho luya kujongeka njani. Kodwa ukwandisa i-decarbonization, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokwakha uluntu oluzinzileyo ngokubanzi kuya kufuna uhlengahlengiso olunjalo. Oku kuya kuthetha ukusebenzisana namaqabane angamazwe endaweni yokuqhudelana ukubagqitha.
Umzekelo, kwanomgaqo-nkqubo wezoshishino ophantsi okhuthazwa yikomiti (o.k.t., “Thenga iCoca” imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente) banokuxhamla kwintsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ukuphinda bacinge ukuba amaziko ehlabathi asenzela ntoni. Ngaphandle koko, isicwangciso esinjalo sinokuphambana lula ulawulo lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe yenzelwe ukugcina i-capital iselula kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nokuba zithini iindleko kwiplanethi. Njengakwi-IMF okanye iBhanki yeHlabathi, i-US inokuthi isebenzise amandla ayo amakhulu kwimibutho efana noMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi ukuze iphinde ibhale le mithetho yakudala ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zeplanethi. Kodwa ikomiti inikezela ngengxoxo encinci malunga nokuba ungayitshintsha njani imithetho yomdlalo ngoku iqhekezwe ngokuchasene i-decarbonization.
Njengoko amaqela aluhlaza aqaphele kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokugqibela, isicwangciso semozulu yekomiti yeNdlu ephakamileyo linyathelo elichanekileyo. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, iiDemokhrasi zisabambelele ngokuqinileyo kuGeorge H.W. Ubulumko bukaBush, obakhutshwa kwiNgqungquthela yoMhlaba yaseRio ngowe-1992: “Indlela yokuphila yaseMelika ayilungele uthethathethwano.”
UKate Aronoff ngumbhali wabasebenzi kwiRiphabhlikhi eNtsha. Ungumbhali osebenzisanayo we Iplanethi Ezokuphumelela: Kutheni Sifuna Isivumelwano Esitsha Sohlaza (Verso) kunye nomhleli we-We Own The Future: Democratic Socialism, American Style (The New Press).Unokufikelelwa @KateAronoff.
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