NgoJulayi 22, 2006, i-Cuban-American National Foundation (CANF) ibhiyozele iminyaka engama-25 kwi-Hotel Biltmore eCoral Gables. Nangona kunjalo, owona mbutho unamandla we-US-based based rightist waseCuba, ushukunyiswe sisigculelo esitsha, awukwazanga ukonwabela elo qela ngokufanelekileyo.
Enyanisweni, inyanga ngaphambili, ngo-Juni 22, i-2006, u-Jose Antonio Llama, owayengumlawuli we-CANF, wabonisa esidlangalaleni oko wonke umntu wayesazi ixesha elide: i-CANF yintlangano yamaphekula. ULlama uvumile ukuba yena, kunye namalungu olawulo lombutho, baseke iqela lamajoni ukuba liqhube uhlaselo eCuba kwaye libulale umongameli walo, uFidel Castro [1].
Ngokuka-'Toñin', njengoko abahlobo bakhe bembiza njalo, i-CANF yayinenqwelo-ntaka ethwala impahla, iinqwelo-moya ezilishumi ezilawulwa kude, izikhephe ezisixhenxe, isikhephe esikhawulezayo saseMidnight Express kunye neziqhushumbisi ezininzi. 'Sasingenamonde ngokusinda kolawulo lukaCastro emva kokubhanga kweSoviet Union kunye nenkqubo yobusoshiyali. Besifuna ukukhawulezisa idemokhrasi eCuba sisebenzisa naziphi na iindlela zokuyifezekisa,' utshilo [2].
Umphathi wangaphambili oneminyaka engama-75 ubudala wachaza, ngaphandle kokushiya iinkcukacha, umsebenzi wakhe wobunqolobi. Ngokomzekelo, wagxininisa ukuba iyelenqe lokubulala uFidel Castro, elacetywa ngowe-1997 kunye namaqabane akhe amane, ebudeni beNgqungquthela yaseIbero-American eIsla Margarita, eVenezuela, laphazamiseka ngenxa yokungenelela kwabasemagunyeni basePuerto Rica xa babekwiphenyane lakhe. La Esperanza. Yena namahlakani akhe baxoxwa bakhululwa ngoDisemba 1999 ngenxa'¦ yokungabikho kobungqina [3].
Emva kwetyala, uLlama wazikhwebula kwi-CANF, nanjengoko lo mbutho wala ukuhlawula iindleko zomthetho ezibangelwe lityala lakhe namahlakani akhe. Izityhilelo zalo mntu zavela ngenxa yengxabano yezemali kunye nombutho we-Florida-extremist. Ngapha koko, uLlama utyhola iinkokeli ze-CANF ngokurhwaphiliza i-1.4 yezigidi zeedola ukuba yena ngokwakhe wayenegalelo ekusekweni kwephiko le-paramilitary. 'Ziphi izikhephe neenqwelo-moya ebendizixhasa ngemali yam? Baye phi? Ngubani onezibizo zokuqala?’, wakhalaza [4].
ULlama uthi iprojekthi yokuququzelela uhlaselo lwabanqolobi eCuba yaqhutywa kwinkongolo yonyaka ye-CANF ngoJuni 1992. Usomashishini uMiguel Angel Martinez wanikela le ngcamango, esithi 'kukhulu kunokuphembelela eWashington' kwafuneka kwenziwe ukuze kubhukuqe urhulumente waseCuba. . Oomongameli ababini balo mbutho, uJose 'Pepe' Hernandez kunye noJorge Mas Canosa, baqeshwe ngamanye amalungu ukuba baseke iqela labanqolobi. 'Saqala ukudibana kwaye sicinge ngayo yonke into esiyifunayo ukuthenga', wakhumbula [5].
NgokukaLlama, abanye abantu baseCuba baselubhacweni bazibandakanya neqela lamajoni, kuquka u-Elpidio Nuñez, uHoracio Garcia noLuis Zuñga, abashiya i-CANF ngo-2001 ukuze baseke iBhunga leNkululeko yaseCuba (CLC), u-Erelio Peña, URaul Martinez, uFernando Ojeda, uDomingo Sadurni, uArnaldo Monzon Plasencia kunye no-Angel Alfonso Aleman [6].
Ezi ziqhushumbisi zafunyanwa ngosomashishini uRaul Lopez, owayethathe inxaxheba kwizenzo zobunqolobi ngokuchasene neCuba ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Wayenenkampani egunyazisiweyo yokuthenga iziqhushumbisi ukuvula imijelo yamanzi kushishino lweswekile eMzantsi Florida, ukuze akwazi ukubonelela nge-dynamite kwiqela lolwaphulo-mthetho [7].
UJose 'Pepin' Pujol, oneminyaka engama-76, umhlobo osenyongweni womnqolobi odumileyo uLuis Posada Carriles', wayephethe ukuthenga izikhephe ukusukela ngo-1993. 'Isihloko [sephenyane] iPelican sasisegameni lam. Inkqubo yayikukuba ndikhangele izikhephe, uToñin wenza intlawulo ephantsi kwaye u-Elpidio Nuñez wayengumqinisekisi,' walatha [8].
U-Pujol okwangoku utyholwa ngokuququzelela ukungena kwe-Posada Carriles' e-United States ekhwele isikhephe i-Santrina, ngo-Matshi 18, 2005. Wayeyonwabela ukuhambelana kuka-Ernesto Abreu, uSantiago Alvarez, uGilberto Abascal kunye noRuben Lopez Castro [9].
U-Luis Posada Carriles wayeyi-arhente ye-CIA yangaphambili njengoko ityhilwe ngamaxwebhu achazwe yi-Arhente. Wasebenza ngokusemthethweni kule nkonzo ukususela ngoMatshi 26, 1965 ukuya Julayi 11, 1967. Yena unoxanduva, phakathi kwezinye uhlaselo, uqhushumbo inqwelo moya yaseCuba, kwabulawa 73 abantu ngo-Oktobha 6, 1976 [10].
NgoJulayi 12, 1998, waxelela iThe New York Times ukuba uququzelele uhlaselo oluninzi lwabanqolobi, kubandakanywa nezantyalantyala zegazi ezabetha ishishini labakhenkethi eCuba ngo-1997. Waphawula ukuba owayesakuba nguMongameli we-CANF uJorge Mas Canosa wayexhasa ngemali imisebenzi yakhe yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuthe ngqo: ' UJorge wayelawula yonke into. Nanini na ndifuna imali, ndandicela ama-5,000 eedola, i-10,000, i-15,000'¦' Lilonke, i-CANF yabonelela ngeedola ezingaphezu kwama-200,000 koyena waphuli mthetho umbi kwilizwekazi laseMelika [11].
Kwelinye icala, uPosada Carriles, osentolongweni e-El Paso, eTexas, wathi iWashington, kubandakanywa namagosa aphezulu, njengangoko uSekela Mongameli uGeorge HW Bush, wayesazi ngayo yonke imisebenzi yakhe yobugrogrisi. Wazithethelela izenzo zakhe kuba wazenza ekhusela ukhuseleko lwelizwe lase-US. Igqwetha lakhe, uEduardo Soto, uxelele iintatheli ukuba umxhasi wakhe ubonise 'ukunyaniseka ngokupheleleyo eUnited States kwaye akanakuze azame ukulonakalisa elo lizwe okanye abantu balo' [12].
Iinkonzo zokufudukela e-US azihambisani nolu luvo kwaye zathi iPosada Carriles 'yayisisongelo kukhuseleko lwelizwe'. 'Ngenxa yembali yakhe ende yezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho nobundlobongela obuthetha abantu abamsulwa, ukukhululwa kwakhe kuya kumela ingozi kukhuseleko loluntu kunye nesizwe,' litsho uxwebhu olusemthethweni. Urhulumente wase-US uyala, nangona kunjalo, ukumvavanya ngezityholo zobunqolobi okanye ukumbuyisela eVenezuela okanye eCuba [13].
Ukusukela oko uLlama enze iziteyitimenti zakhe zombulelo, abaphathi bezomthetho baseMelika abakhange benze zimvo. Akukho FBI okanye amapolisa aseMiami avule uphando malunga nobukho belo qela le-paramilitary, elijolise ekuqhubeni ukuhlaselwa kwabantu baseCuba. Ukungohlwaywa kwabanqolobi abazalelwe eCuba kuchazwa ikakhulu bubudlelwane babo namanqanaba aphezulu olawulo.
Umzekelo, uLuis Zuñga Rey, omnye wabantu abatyholwa nguLlama ngobunqolobi, ngumhlobo osenyongweni kaMongameli wase-US uGeorge W. Bush's. Ngo-Okthobha we-10, 2003, wamenywa kwi-White House, apho uBush wamnika i-hug efudumeleyo eyasasazwa kumabonakude. Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambili, ngo-Okthobha we-10, 2001, uMel Martinez, osengu-senator okwangoku kodwa wayeligosa eliphezulu likarhulumente wase-US ngelo xesha, wathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kweBhunga leNkululeko yaseCuba ngexesha lentlanganiso kwi-Hotel Biltmore, kwiiCoral Gables. Ngoko ke, kwinyanga nje enye emva kohlaselo lwe-11 kaSeptemba, ulawulo lwase-US lunika inkxaso kubanqolobi [14].
Ngomhla we-17 kaFebruwari 2006, amaqela angamalungelo agqithisileyo anemvelaphi yaseCuba ekhuthaza ubundlobongela obujoliswe eCuba anike inkomfa noonondaba. Kwisibhengezo esifanayo, babhengeze ukusekwa kwekomiti yokuxhasa 'uvukelo lwaseCuba'. 'Siqinisekile ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokugqiba ngobuzwilakhe kukulwa kwaye abantu abaninzi baseCuba kwesi siqithi siza kusebenza nabo ngokufihlakeleyo nangengqiqo bayayiqonda,' satsho isibhengezo, sisayinwe yimibutho esibhozo esele ibandakanyeka. kubugrogrisi nxamnye neCuba – Movimiento de Recuperación Revolucionaria (MRR), Congreso Nacional Cubano, Comandos F-4, Comando Nazario Sargen, Fundacion Caribe, Junta Militar, Municipio Bayamo, Cubanos Combatietes No Afiliados [15].
URodolfo Frometa, inkosi ye-Comandos F-4, ubonise ngokucacileyo indlela emayilandelwe: 'UFidel Castro ngoyena mgrogrisi umbi kweli lizwekazi kwaye kufuneka abhukuqwe ngeziqhushumbisi. Zeziphi iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngokuchasene noFidel Castro ngaphandle kwezixhobo?' Akukho namnye kubathathi-nxaxheba oye wabizwa ngobulungisa, nangona isibhengezo esiqhelekileyo siphula ngokuphandle i-US Neutralality Act [16].
Ngomhla wama-20 ku-Epreli 2006, uRoberto Ferro, owayeselubhacweni lwaseCuba oneminyaka engama-61 ubudala, wabanjwa yiFBI eSan Bernardino, eCalifornia, waza watyholwa ngokuba nesixhobo esikhulu esingekho mthethweni semipu engaphezu kwe-1,000 66 neziqhushumbisi ezifihlwe endlwini yakhe. UFerro uxelele abasemagunyeni ukuba ulilungu lombutho wabanqolobi oseMiami, iAlpha 4, nowaxhasa ngemali ukuthengwa kwezixhobo. Wavavanywa kuphela ngenxa yokuba nezixhobo ezingekho mthethweni yaye kungekhona ukuthobela imithetho emitsha yokulwa nabanqolobi. Noko ke, elubhacweni eCuba kwakhona, njengoko wayegwetywe iminyaka emibini entolongweni ngokuba neekhilogram ezintlanu C-17, isiqhushumbisi enamandla kakhulu [XNUMX].
Ngokuphathelele i-Alpha 66, ayizange ibuzwe, kuba umlawuli wayo, u-Ernesto Diaz Rodriguez, ngumhlobo osondeleyo kaMongameli Bush. Enyanisweni, wamenywa kwi-White House ngoMeyi 20, 2003, kunye nabanye abameli abalishumi bephiko lasekunene laseFlorida-based Cuban. NgoJuni 2, 2005, uGeorge W. Bush wada wathumela ileta yombulelo kuAlpha 66 ngenkxaso yakhe. Kwelinye icala, umbutho unenkampu yomkhosi eFlorida enyanyezelwa ngabasemagunyeni [18].
Baphantse babe ngama-3,478 abantu baseCuba ababuleweyo ngenxa yobunqolobi obuququzelelwe liphiko lasekunene elisekwe eFlorida, ngokuhambelana ne-United States. Amaxhoba obunqolobi anexabiso elincinci eWashington ukuba avela kwizenzo ezenziwa ngabadibaniselwano - igosa okanye hayi - lolawulo lukaBush. Yayiluluvo lukaJohn Bolton, unozakuzaku waseMelika kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo, xa wayebhekisa kuhlaselo lukaSirayeli eLebhanon.
Ebuzwa ngamaxhoba angabahlali, uBolton ugxininise ukuba abo bajongene nelahleko yoluntu abanakugwetywa ngendlela efanayo ukuba bangamaSirayeli. 'Ndicinga ukuba kuya kuba yimpazamo ukunika ukulingana kokuziphatha kubemi abafa njengesiphumo esithe ngqo sezenzo zobunqolobi kunye nokufa kwabantu okusisiphumo esibi kunye nesibuhlungu sezenzo zomkhosi ezichazwe kukuzikhusela. Kwinkqubo yethu yokuziphatha nezomthetho, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezenzo ezahlukeneyo ngokweenjongo ezizikhuthazayo kwaye akukho luthelekiso phakathi kwesenzo sokuthatha izinto ekujoliswe kuzo ngabom ['¦] isiphumo esibi kakhulu sokuzikhusela,' ithe [19].
Abadumileyo kakhulu baseCuba 'abachasene', kuquka u-Oswaldo Paya, u-Vladimiro Roca kunye noMarta Beatriz Roque, banobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye ne-CANF, esemthethweni ngokusemthethweni umbutho we-mafia odityaniswe nombutho wamaphekula. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubulungisa baseCuba bubonise umonde ongapheliyo kunye nabo, banikwa ubudlelwane babo obusisigxina kunye namaqela olwaphulo-mthetho aseFlorida, kuba naliphi na elinye ilizwe emhlabeni liza kwenza ngamandla kwaye ngokuqatha [20].
amaNqaku
[1] Wilfredo Cancio Isla, 'Revelan un plan para atentar contra Castro', El Nuevo Herald, June 22, 2006.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Ibid.
[8] Ibid.
[9] U-Oscar Corral, 'Umhlobo Wala Ukuthetha Indlela I-Posada Efike Ngayo eMiami', I-Miami Herald, Julayi 13, 2006.
[10] Alfonso Cardy & Oscar Corral, 'Posada's CIA amaqhina atyhilwa ngamaPhepha', The Miami Herald, Juni 26, 2006.
[11] U-Ann Louise Bardach kunye noLarry Rohter, 'Utshaba lwaseCuba oluPhambili luBanga uBango lokuXhaswa', iNew York Times, ngoJulayi 12, 1998.
[12] Wilfredo Cancio Isla, 'Posada afirma que Washington conocÃa sus labores clandestinas', El Nuevo Herald, Juni 24, 2006.
[13] Wilfredo Cancio Isla, 'Washington califica a Posada de peligro para la seguridad', El Nuevo Herald, Matshi 30, 2006.
[14] UJean-Guy Allard, 'Escandalo entrerroras en Miami', Granma, Juni 23, 2006.
[15] Wilfredo Cancio Isla, 'Buscan ayudar a la insurrección contra Castro', El Nuevo Herald, February 18, 2006.
[16] Ibid.
[17] Wilfredo Cancio Isla, 'Hallan arsenal en casa de exiliado cubano', El Nuevo Herald, April 20, 2006; Wilfredo Cancio Isla, 'Alpha 66 rechaza vÃnculos con el preso en California', El Nuevo Herald, April 21, 2006.
[18] Ibid.
[19] Agence France Presse, 'Bolton: pas d'equivalence morale dans les pertes civiles', Julayi 17, 2006.
[20] Cuban-American National Foundation, 'Umyalezo ovela Vladimiro Roca', 'Umyalezo ovela Raul Rivero', 'Umyalezo ovela Oswaldo Paya Sardiñas', 'Umyalezo ovela kuMarta Beatriz Roque Cabello', www.canfnet.org (iwebhusayithi iboniswe ngoMatshi 10, 2005).
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