Ngaba uqhankqalazo lwakutsha nje eFerguson, eMissouri, luya kuba sisiqalo somzabalazo wokulwa nokungekho sikweni ngokobuhlanga, okanye kuya kuba ngumbhalo osemazantsi osemazantsi kwithisisi yomfundi wexesha elizayo kwiZixholoxholo zaBantu kwiNkulungwane yaMashumi amabini ananye?
Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngodubulo lwase-Kent State: ngoMeyi 4, 1970, i-Ohio National Guard yavula umlilo kubafundi abaqhankqalazi kwiYunivesithi yaseKent State. Ebudeni baloo mizuzwana ye-13 yokudubula, kwabulawa abafundi abane kwaza kwangxwelerheka abasithoba, omnye kubo engumlwelwe ngokusisigxina. Umothuko kunye nesikhalo kubangele ugwayimbo lwesizwe lwabafundi abazizigidi ezi-4 oluvale iikhampasi ezingaphezu kwama-450. Kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva kokudubula, abaqhankqalazi be-100,000 bahlanganisana eWashington, DC Kwaye ulutsha lwesizwe lwahlanganiswa ngamandla ukuphelisa iMfazwe yaseVietnam, ubuhlanga, ubuhlanga, kunye nokholo olungenangqondo kwezopolitiko.
Mhlawumbi awuzange uve malunga nokudubula kwe-Jackson State.
NgoMeyi 14th, Kwiintsuku ezili-10 emva kokuba i-Kent State ihlasele isizwe, kwiYunivesithi yaseJackson State e-Mississippi, amapolisa abulala abafundi ababini abamnyama (omnye wayengumfundi ophakamileyo wesikolo esiphakamileyo, omnye utata womntwana oneenyanga ezili-18 ubudala) ngompu kunye nokulimala abalishumi elinambini. abanye.
Kwakungekho sikhalo sikazwelonke. Isizwe sasingahlanganiswa ukuba senze nantoni na. Laa Leviathan engenantliziyo esiyibiza ngokuba yiMbali yasiginya sonke eso siganeko, yasisusa kwinkumbulo yesizwe.
Kwaye, ngaphandle kokuba sifuna ukuba inkohlakalo yaseFerguson iginywe kwaye ingabi yinto engaphezu kokucaphukisa amathumbu kwimbali, kufuneka sijongane nale meko kungekhona njengesinye isenzo sobuhlanga, kodwa njengokuba yintoni enye into: imfazwe yeklasi.
Ngokugxininisa kwinkalo yobuhlanga nje, ingxoxo iba malunga nokuba ukufa kukaMichael Brown-okanye enye yamadoda amathathu amnyama angenasiphako abulawa ngamapolisa e-US kuloo nyanga-ngokucalucalulo okanye malunga nokuthethelelwa kwamapolisa. Emva koko siyakuxoxa malunga nokuba akukho buhlanga bukhulu ngokuchasene nomhlophe e-US njengokuba kukho abamhlophe-nxamnye nomnyama. (Ewe, ikhona. Kodwa, ngokubanzi, umhlophe-kunxamnye nomnyama kunempembelelo yezoqoqosho kwikamva loluntu oluntsundu. I-Black-anti-white phantse ayinayo impembelelo enokulinganiswa kwezentlalo.)
Emva koko siza kuqala ukuxoxa ukuba ngaba amapolisa aseMelika wona ngokwawo aliqaqobana elisemngciphekweni elikwacalulwayo ngenxa yombala wabo—oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. (Ewe, zikho. Kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe phambi kokuba kugwetywe amapolisa, kubandakanywa uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko, uqeqesho olunganelanga, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-arcane.) Emva koko siya kubuza ukuba ngaba abantsundu badla ngokudutyulwa ngenxa yokuba bahlala besenza ubugebenga. (Enyanisweni, uphononongo lubonisa ukuba abantu abantsundu bajoliswa ngokufuthi kwizixeko ezithile, njengeSixeko saseNew York. Kunzima ukufumana umfanekiso omkhulu wesizwe kuba izifundo azanelanga ngendlela eyothusayo. Uphononongo lweSebe lezoBulungisa lubonisa ukuba e-US phakathi ko-2003 no-2009. phakathi kokusweleka okunxulumene nokubanjwa kukho umahluko omncinci kakhulu phakathi kwabantsundu, abamhlophe, okanye baseLatinos. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo alusixeleli ukuba bangaphi ababengaxhobanga.)
Oku kugungqiswa kwenqindi kwe-ajenda yobuhlanga yomntu wonke kuphazamisa iMelika kumbandela omkhulu wokuba iithagethi zokungaxhatshazwa ngamapolisa zisekwe kancinci kwibala lolusu kwaye ngakumbi kwinqanaba le-Ebola lentlungu: ukuba lihlwempu. Kakade ke, kwabaninzi eMerika, ukuba ngumntu webala kufana nqwa nokuba lihlwempu, yaye ukuba lihlwempu kufana nokuba sisikrelemnqa. Okumangalisayo kukuba, le ngcamango iphosakeleyo iyinyaniso kwanaphakathi kwamahlwempu.
Yiloo ndlela i-status quo ifuna ngayo.
Ingxelo yoBalo lwaseMelika ifumanisa ukuba izigidi ezingama-50 zaseMelika zihlwempuzekile. Abavoti abazizigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu yibhloko enamandla ukuba bakhe baququzelela kwiinzame zokulandela iinjongo zabo zoqoqosho ezifanayo. Ke, kubalulekile ukuba abo bakwezona pesenti zizizityebi bagcine abahluphekayo beqhekekile ngokubaphazamisa ngemicimbi yeemvakalelo efana nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, ukuqhomfa kunye nolawulo lwemipu ukuze bangayeki bazibuze ukuba badinwe njani ixesha elide kangaka.
Enye indlela yokugcina ezi zigidi ezingama-50 zaphukile kukusebenzisa ulwazi olungachananga. Ikhadi lamanqaku lamva nje lePunditFact kwiindaba zenethiwekhi ligqibe kwelokuba kwiFox kunye neFox News Channel, iipesenti ezingama-60 zamabango zibubuxoki. Kwi-NBC kunye ne-MSNBC, iipesenti ezingama-46 zamabango athathwa njengobuxoki. “Ziindaba” ezo, bantu! Ngexesha lezidubedube zaseFerguson, iFox News yaqhuba ifoto emnyama nemhlophe kaGqr Martin Luther King, Jr., enomxholo ongqindilili othi: “Ukulibala i-MLK’s Message/Protestors in Missouri Turn to Violence.” Ngaba babhala amazwi anjalo xa mhlawumbi ooMongameli Bush bahlasela iIraq: “Ukulibala Isigidimi SikaYesu Kristu/I-US Lilibale Ukujika Izidlele Lize Libulale Amawakawaka”?
Ababukeli banokwenza njani ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwidemokhrasi ukuba imithombo yabo yolwazi yonakele? Abanakukwazi, yindlela kanye iPhesenti enye elawula ngayo ikamva lepesenti ezingamashumi alithoba anesithoba.
Okubi nakakhulu, abezobupolitika abathile noosomashishini benza iyelenqe lokugcina amahlwempu kanye njengokuba enjalo. Kumboniso wakhe weendaba we-HBO comedic Kwiveki ephelileyo Tonight, uJohn Oliver uye wabhenca ishishini lemali-mboleko yomhla wokurhola kunye nabo baxhaphaza ngokungenalusini ukuphelelwa lithemba kwamahlwempu. Ishishini elitsala imali efikelela kwi-1,900 leepesenti kwimali-mboleko liphuncuka njani kulo? E-Texas, i-State Rep. Gary Elkins ivalwe i-bill elawulayo, nangona umninimzi weevenkile ze-payday loan. Kwaye usopolitiki owayesoloko egxeka u-Elkins malunga nokungqubana kwemidla yakhe, u-Rep. Vicki Truitt, waba lilungu le-ACE Cash Express kwiintsuku nje ezili-17 emva kokushiya i-ofisi. Enyanisweni, uOliver wabonisa indlela amahlwempu arhwelwa ngayo kuloo mboleko-mali, suke angakwazi ukuyibuyisela kwaye kufuneke afumane enye imali-mboleko. Umjikelo awusayi kuqhawuka.
Iincwadi zeDystopian kunye neemovie ezifana Snowpiercer, UMniki,I-Divergent, Mdlalo yokulamba, yaye Elysium ibingumsindo kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Akunjalo nje ngenxa yokuba bevakalisa ukuphoxeka kolutsha kumanani anegunya. Oko kuya kuchaza ukuthandwa phakathi kwabaphulaphuli abancinci, kodwa hayi phakathi kwamashumi amabini aneshumi kunye nabantu abadala. Esona sizathu sokuba sibe ngumhlambi ukuya kubona umzobo weporcelain kaDonald Sutherland Mdlalo yokulamba yobandayo, umongameli okhohlakeleyo wase-US ozinikele ekulondolozeni izityebi ngelixa egawula isithende sakhe ezintanyeni zamahlwempu kukuba kuyinyaniso kuluntu apho Ipesenti enye ityeba ngelixa udidi lwethu oluphakathi luwa.
Asiyo-baxo leyo; amanani angqina oku kuyinyaniso. Ngokutsho kwengxelo ye-2012 Pew Research Centre, isiqingatha nje semizi yase-US inomvuzo ophakathi, ukwehla kweepesenti ze-11 ukususela ngo-1970; ingeniso yodidi oluphakathi lwehle ngepesenti ezi-5 kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ubutyebi buphelele nge-28 ekhulwini. Abantu abambalwa (ngama-23 ekhulwini kuphela) bacinga ukuba baya kuba nemali eyaneleyo yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. Eyona nto ilusizi kubo bonke: bambalwa abantu baseMelika kunanini na bakholelwa kwiAmerican Dream mantra yokuba ukusebenza nzima kuya kubakhokelela phambili.
Kunokuba simanyane ukuze sijongane notshaba lokwenene-abangenzi nto bezopolitiko, abawisi-mthetho kunye nabanye abaphetheyo-siwela emgibeni wokujikelana omnye nomnye, sichitha amandla ethu ekulweni namahlakani ethu endaweni yeentshaba zethu. Oku akubandakanyi uhlanga namaqela ezopolitiko kuphela, kukwamalunga nesini. Kwincwadi yakhe Izinto ezingabonakaliyo: isondo, ubuxoki kunye ne-Revolution, ULaurie Penny ucebisa ukuba amathuba omsebenzi ancitshisiweyo kumadoda amancinci kuluntu abenza bazive bengabalulekanga kubasetyhini; ngenxa yoko bayayisusa ingqumbo yabo kwabo babangela ingxaki baye kwabo bathwaxwa yimiphumo: amabhinqa.
Ewe, ndiyazi ukuba akulunganga ukupeyinta abona bazizityebi ngemivumbo ebanzi ngolo hlobo. Kukho inani labantu abazizityebi kakhulu abakwaxhasa kakhulu uluntu lwabo. Bethotywe yimpumelelo yabo, bazabalazela ukunceda abanye. Kodwa akunjalo ngenyambalala yosozigidi kunye noosozigidi abaphembelela ukunciphisa iZitampu zokutya, banganiki siqabu kumthwalo wamatyala abafundi kulutsha lwethu, kwaye babulale ukwandiswa kwezibonelelo zokungaphangeli.
Nganye kwezi ziganeko zokudutyulwa/ukubulawa kwabantu ngenxa yenkohlakalo/ukuma kwakho, amapolisa kunye nenkqubo yenkundla zibonwa njengabanyanzelisi bemeko ekhoyo ngokungekho sikweni. Umsindo wethu uyanyuka, kwaye udushe lufuna ubulungisa. Amajelo eendaba adlan' indlebe wonke umntu kwaye iingcali zibeka ityala.
Kengoku ntoni?
Anditsho ukuba uqhanqalazo lwaseFerguson alunasihlahla—lukho. Enyanisweni, sifuna uqhanqalazo oluninzi kwilizwe liphela. Iphi iKent State yethu? Kuya kuthatha ntoni ukudibanisa abafundi abazizigidi ezi-4 kuqhanqalazo olunoxolo? Kuba oko kuya kuthatha ukuvuselela utshintsho lokwenyani. Abakumgangatho ophakathi kufuneka bajoyine amahlwempu kwaye abamhlophe kufuneka bajoyine abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kwimiboniso emikhulu, ekugxothweni kwabezopolitiko abakhohlakeleyo, ekugxothweni kwamashishini axhaphazayo, ekuwiseni umthetho okhuthaza ukulingana kwezoqoqosho kunye nethuba, kunye nokohlwaya abo bangcakaza ngekamva lethu lezemali. .
Kungenjalo, ekuphela kwento esiza kuyifumana yile siyifumene eFerguson: iqela labezopolitiko kunye nabantu abadumileyo abavakalisa uvelwano kunye nomsindo. Ukuba asinayo i-ajenda ethile-uluhlu lwe kanye yintoni esifuna ukuyitshintsha kwaye njani—siya kuhlanganisana ngokuphindaphindiweyo ecaleni kwezidumbu zabantwana bethu ababuleweyo, abazali bethu nabamelwane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba uJohn Steinbeck ungqinwe elungile xa ebhala Iidiliya zomsindo, “Ingcinezelo isebenza kuphela ukomeleza nokuluka abacinezelweyo.” Kodwa ndithambekele ngakumbi ekuthetheni "Inner City Blues" kaMarvin Gaye, eyabhalwa kunyaka emva kodubulo lwaseKent State/Jackson State:
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso akukho thuba
Ukwandisa imali
Amatyala afumba isibhakabhaka phezulu
Myeke afe loo nkwenkwe
Ndenze ndifune ukukhwaza
Indlela abenza ngayo ubomi bam
Ndenze ndifune ukukhwaza
Indlela abenza ngayo ubomi bam
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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2 izimvo
ISILUNGISO: Usuku lokuzalwa lukaHoward Zinn lwaluyi-24 ka-Agasti, imini endayithumela ngayo le ngxelo ingezantsi.
Akukho nto kwiposti yebhlog enokungavumelani nayo. Ndingathi u-Kareem Abdul-Jabbar unomusa kakhulu kwi-1 yepesenti, isityebi esilwela isimo se-quo, sibhalisa abaninzi be-99% njengabalingani njengoko banako. Ndaliqaphela igama njengoko ndandiqalisa ukubhala. Ndimdala, ndiyagula kwaye ndicotha ngamanye amaxesha. Ndiyathanda ukusebenzisa igama elithi "izidubedube" kwisivakalisi esinye noFerguson kwaye ndingaqhankqalazi, ukungathobeli kwabahlali ngokunjalo. Undikhumbuza nge-NPR, ebonakala ngathi igweba ixabiso layo yonke into esekwe ekugcineni uxolo, kodwa ingaba loo nto ayihambi ngokupheleleyo kwincwadi kaNoam Chomsky kunye no-Edward Herman ethi “Imvume yokuVelisa”? Kwidemokhrasi elinganayo, apho abantu bevota, malunga nesiqingatha, kwaye behla njengabaRwingers, amaRiphabhlikhi, phantse kungabikho nto ibuyela emva kwiidemokhrasi, ( kubhalwe okuninzi malunga nokuba kutheni: abantu abavotelwayo bathanda ukwazi ukuba abantu baya kuvota njani kwaye iziphumo zokuvota zangaphambili zinika umqondiso, ngelixa abavoti abatsha "abathembekanga" kumaqela ezopolitiko amisiweyo,) basebenzela ukucima abavoti abaMnyama, baseLatino kunye nabahluphekileyo nabakhubazekileyo kuluhlu lokuvota ... ipropaganda, intengiso kunye neendaba ezigqwethekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba "ziinkcukacha ezingezizo" ngu-Abdul-Jabbar oqeshwe "ukwenza imvume ”. Emva kwexesha ezantsi uluhlu luphononongo lwendima ye-NYTImes "kwimvume yokuvelisa".
UChomsky ukwaphawula rhoqo, ukuba abantu baseMelika njengoko kubonisiwe kuvoto banedemokhrasi ngakumbi ukuba abezopolitiko, baye kuthi ga kuMongameli, abangawuhoyi umgaqo-nkqubo wethu banqwenelela ubuhlwempu, uxolo / imfazwe, njl.
Ngomso sisikhumbuzo somhla wokuzalwa kukaHoward Zinn, owasweleka ngo-2010, ngoko ke kwinkumbulo yakhe yokuba nethemba de wabhubha ngesiquphe, ndiza kukhankanya ukuba wayesoloko esithi, “Oorhulumente bayaxoka. Ukuba awuyazi imbali, ingathi uzelwe izolo. Urhulumente angakuxelela nantoni na.” Imidiya yenkampani (kunye ne-NPR) ihamba kunye neentsomi. Okucacileyo: uyayazi indlela yokufumana imithombo elungileyo-ufunda iZnet, enye.
Ndinobugcisa obucaphula uluvo lukaHoward Zinn apha ngasentla, kwiziqwenga ezingama-47 zoqhanqalazo endizibeke kwiphepha lam le-Flickr likawonkewonke. Ezi-3 ezintsha, phezulu, zezakwaFerguson, kodwa kukho ezinye malunga nenkohlakalo yamapolisa (enye ka-Eric Garner yabulawa kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo e-NYC, enye ye-Cicely McMillan, enye imele ulutsha, uMnyama noBrown, ababulawayo. ngamapolisa – “Ngaba umama wakhe ucinga ukuba incwadi iza kumgcina ekhuselekile…?”). Kwaye, ndiyakhumbula ukuba u-Mumia Abu-Jamal uthe kwinkcazo yakhe kule veki, kwiRadio yentolongo, efumaneka ngokubanzi, kubandakanywa ne-Znet, ukuba "amapolisa oyika amadoda amakhulu aMnyama" kwaye "awabulale".
Ubugcisa bam bukwi http://www.Flickr.com/photos/sanda-aronson-the-artist/
Kwaye ewe, ndikhumbula i-Kent State kunye ne-Jackson State kunye ne-National Guard yokudubula abafundi "ixesha langempela"; yenye yezinto zokuqala endazicingayo xa ndeva ukuba uMkhosi weSizwe wabizelwa eFerguson nguGov. Nixon. Kunye nengcinga: Egads, ngaba siyayifuna enye iNixon kwezopolitiko? (Uburharha buyanceda, kodwa sesinye seziqhulo ezisisiqingatha…