Ulawulo lwaseSyria lugcina amandla kunye nenjongo yokusebenzisa izixhobo zekhemikhali ngokuchasene nenkcaso ukuthintela ukulahleka kwendawo ethathwa njengento ebalulekileyo ekusindeni kwayo. Sivavanya ukuba iDamasko iqalise olu hlaselo lweekhemikhali ekuphenduleni ukuhlaselwa kwenkcaso enyakatho yePhondo laseHamah eyayisongela iziseko eziphambili.
Kwangaloo mini, igosa eliphezulu lanikela ngoguqulelo olude kwimvelaphi cinezela, ukuqaphela ukunqongophala kwebutho lolawulo lwe-Assad kunye nemikhosi echasayo eyingozi ibeka i-airbase ebalulekileyo e-Hama.
Ngokukodwa inikwe umthombo wayo, le nkcazo ifuna ukuphononongwa ngakumbi, kodwa abahlalutyi ababuza iinjongo zika-Assad abazange bayenze. Enyanisweni, akukho namnye ukuvumayo ukuba ikho.
Ngokwenene, njengoko Anne Barnard ingxelo, uhlaselo lwe-sarin lungena kwisicwangciso esibanzi se-Assad. Ubhala ukuba, ukusukela ubuncinci i-2012, urhulumente waseSyria "uthathe umgaqo-nkqubo wokufuna uloyiso olupheleleyo ngokwenza ubomi bube lusizi kangangoko kuye nabani na ohlala kwiindawo ezingaphandle kolawulo." Olu hlaselo lwenzelwe ukuvumela inkcaso ukuba ihlale kwinceba yolawulo, ukuba akukho mthetho wamazwe ngamazwe okanye uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe alukwazi ukuwukhusela, kwaye ukuzinikela kuphela kokhetho.
Kwakhona, kunokubakho izizathu ezivakalayo zokungabaza uhlalutyo lukaBarnard okanye imithombo yakhe, kodwa abo bafumanisa ukuba i-Assad iya kusebenzisa izixhobo zamakhemikhali abazange baphendule kwingxabano yakhe.
Enye ingxaki "kwakungekho sizathu sokuba u-Assad enze oku" ingxabano kukuba ingxabano efanayo inokuqhubela phambili ukuchaza ukuba kutheni u-Assad engazange enze izinto ezininzi ngokungathandabuzekiyo azenzileyo. Kwakutheni ukuze asebenzise iibhombu zemigqomo, yiyiphi imbono yehlabathi etshise kangaka? Kwakutheni ukuze asebenzise Irhasi yeklorin emva kokuba ezibophelele kwisivumelwano sezixhobo zemichiza esikwalela oko? Kwakutheni ukuze imikhosi yakhe ibuyele ibhombu Khan Sheikhoun kwiintsuku nje emva koqhankqalazo lwe-missile yaseMelika? Kwakutheni ukuze imikhosi yakhe namahlakani akhe ahambele phambili kwindawo ekhuselwe yiUnited States? Kwakutheni ukuze a Inqwelomoya yaseSyria iwisa iibhombu kufutshane nemikhosi exhaswa yiMelika kunye nabacebisi babo?
Ukuba kubonakala ngathi kuyaphambana ku-Assad ukuba asebenzise i-sarin xa sele ephumelele imfazwe, akubonakali ngathi kuxhokonxa ngakumbi ukuwisa iibhombu kufutshane nemikhosi exhaswa yi-US? Kwakutheni ukuze uAssad aziphathe ngolu hlobo?
Kwakhona, kukho ingcaciso esengqiqweni. Cinga ngesifundo anokuthi uAssad wasifumana kwimpendulo kwizenzo zakhe zangaphambili. Wavuma ukuya kwiNgqungquthela yeZixhobo zeMichiza kwaye wavuma ukuphelisa isitokhwe sakhe. IBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo liphumeze isigqibo esithi nakuphi na ukwaphulwa kwesi sivumelwano kuya kubangela ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo okohlwaya.
Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente waseSiriya wasebenzisa igesi yechlorine evaliweyo, njengoko kwakunjalo ziweyo yiNdlela eHlangeneyo yoPhando (JIM) ye-UN kunye noMbutho wokuThintelwa kweZixhobo zeMichiza (OPCW). IUnited States yenze ezinye izohlwayo, kodwa iRashiya - leyo umngeni Ukufumana iJIM - valiwe impendulo ebanzi yamazwe ngamazwe.
Emva konyulo lwaseMelika, uAssad yomelezwe isantya se iklorin Ugwayimbo kwaye ujongene neziphumo ezincinci.
Emva koko uDonald Trump, owabonisa ukuzimisela ukusebenza no-Assad kunye neRashiya, wathatha isikhundla. NgoFebruwari 28, amaRashiya namaTshayina vetoed Isigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN ebeya kuba sivumele iSyria ngokusetyenziswa kwayo kweklorine. Kwinyanga ezayo, uTrump Unobhala welizwe, wakhe Unozakuzaku we-UN, kunye neyakhe Unobhala weendaba bonke babhengeze ukuba iWashington yayingasajoli ekususeni uAssad.
Ngenxa yale mvelaphi, u-Assad unokukholelwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba unokuhamba nokuhlaselwa okungekho mthethweni.
Olunye umgca wengxoxo odumileyo ubuza ukuba kutheni uPutin evumela umlingane wakhe ukuba abeke umngcipheko wokuvuselela impendulo yaseMelika. Impendulo efanayo ibambe: amaRashiya ahlala enza izenzo ezingadingekile kunye nezivuthayo.
Umzekelo, bahlala beqhumisa izibhedlele eSyria. I ngokungafaniyo Iingxelo ku ngamazwe umntu amalungelo amaqela malunga nohlaselo lwaseRussia nolwaseSyria kumaziko ezonyango ngokuqinisekileyo lujike uluvo lwehlabathi ngokuchasene nabo, kodwa uPutin ucinge ukuba uya kujongana neziphumo ezincinci kubo. Wayenyanisile, kwaye uninzi lwentshukumo yehlabathi yokulwa nemfazwe lwahlala luthe cwaka.
Ukuba iMoscow yenze uhlalutyo olufanayo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweSyria yegesi yemithambo-luvo, baqikelela ngokuchanekileyo ukusabela okubuthathaka kwamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko uHersh ebeka, uTrump waphendula "ngokuqhwaba esihlahleni: ukubhobhoza ibala leenqwelomoya eSyria, kodwa emva kokulumkisa amaRussia kwaye, ngabo, amaSyria, ukunqanda iingxwelerha ezininzi."
Umthombo kaHersh uthi ukuba u-Assad wayesebenzise igesi ye-nerve, amaRashiya ayeza kuphinda aphindwe kashumi njengaye nabani na oseNtshona kuba iqhinga likaPutin leSiriya libandakanya ukusebenzisana ne-United States. Kodwa eminye imisebenzi yaseRashiya iyakuchasa oku.
Iinqwelomoya zaseRashiya zaduma umtshabalalisi waseMelika kuLwandle Olumnyama ngoFebruwari 10; ithumele umjukujelwa omtsha wokuhamba ngenqanawa Amagosa aseMelika ikholelwa ukuba yaphula iSivumelwano soMkhosi weNyukliya woLuhlu oluPhakathi (INF); yathumela a inqanawa yokuhlola iimayile ezingamashumi amathathu ukusuka kunxweme lwaseConnecticut; kwaye yayinenqwelomoya exhobileyo eyenza a uhlaselo lwempoxo ngokuchasene nenqanawa yaseMelika. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US kwiindawo ezininzi zemidlalo yeqonga ube yingozi kwaye uxhokonxa. Kodwa kufuneka kucace ukuba iMoscow izimisele ukucaphukisa iUnited States.
Ekhohlo kufuneka asebenzise iliso elifanayo eligxekayo elisebenza kububhanxa bemidiya yeshishini ukuhlalutya okuxhasa izikhundla ezithandwayo zasekhohlo. Abasekhohlo banako-kwaye kufanele-bachase ubuqhetseba baseMelika ngaphandle kokuphulukana nomgwebo wethu ogxekayo. Uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lwe-Hersh's sourcing, isayensi emva kwengxabano yakhe, kunye nokuthelekisa phakathi kwakhe kunye nezinye iinguqulelo zeziganeko eKhan Sheikhoun kubonisa ukuba akufanele sithathe ibali lakhe ngokungathรญ sina.
Umthombo kaHersh
Abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba ibali likaHersh liqinisekisa kungekhona ngenxa yokufaneleka kwayo kodwa ngenxa yembali kaHersh: emva koko, waphumelela ibhaso likaPulitzer ngokuphula ibali le-My Lai. Ngelishwa, inqaku lakhe langoku aliphumeleli kuloo mgangatho.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, i ENew York Times yamkela umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha - kunye nexesha elide - kwimithombo engaziwa:
[Mna] kufuneka ibe lulwazi esiluthatha โnjengoluthembekileyoโ - ngokufanelekileyo kuba sinobungqina obongezelelweyo, okanye kuba siyazi ukuba umthombo unolwazi oluthe ngqo. Inqanaba lethu lokuthandabuza kufuneka libe phezulu kwaye imibuzo yethu ikhombe. Ngaphandle komthombo ochaziweyo, abafundi banokubona i Maxesha njengokuqinisekisa ulwazi ngokungathandabuzekiyo - okanye, okubi ngakumbi, njengokuthwala amanzi kwi-ajenda yomnye umntu. Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kufuneka sichaze inkuthazo yomthombo kunye nendlela awazi ngayo ulwazi.
Hersh's amanqaku amathathu My Lai kwi Louis Post Dispatch ngowe-1970 landela lo mgaqo-nkqubo. Ingxelo yakhe yatsalela kudliwano-ndlebe nelinye ijoni elathi lathabatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwezo ndyikityha yokufa, namajoni amabini abizwa ngamagama awayekho nawo. Kwakhona wacaphula ijoni elingachazwanga igama lalo elalikho nelinokungqina ezinye iingxelo. Ukuqhubela phambili, udliwano-ndlebe noWilliam Calley, igqwetha likaCalley, unina womnye ogama lingujoni, kunye namagosa alishumi angachazwanga ngamagama, amagosa kunye nabahlobo bakaCalley.
Udliwano-ndlebe olude kunye namajoni abiziweyo awabona i-My Lai yaba nefuthe elikhulu kuba amadoda ayengqina ngokuziphatha kwawo. Siyazi ukuba la majoni ayazi njani into ayaziyo.
Inqaku ngeKhan Sheikhoun alihambelani nale migangatho. U-Hersh uthethe nomthombo omnye, "umcebisi ophezulu kuluntu lwezobuntlola lwaseMelika," owayekade "esebenza kwizikhundla eziphezulu kwiSebe lezoKhuselo kunye ne-Arhente yobuntlola ephakathi."
Iintatheli zihlala zichaza indlela imithombo yabo engaziwa ngayo into abayaziyo - umzekelo, inqaku lingabandakanya "umthombo, othethe ngokuthe ngqo nomntu obekhona entlanganisweni."
IHersh ayiboneleli ngayo nayiphi na imixube enjalo; oko kukuthi, akaze abonise indlela umthombo wakhe oye wafumana ngayo ulwazi olunxulumene nenqaku. Ngoko ke sinokucinga ukuba umthombo wakhe wawungekho nje kuphela kodwa wawungathethi ngokuthe ngqo nabani na owayekho. Okona kulungileyo, ulwazi lweza kuHersh-isandla sesithathu.
Ngaphaya koko, uHersh akanikezeli bungqina - akukho mnye umthombo okanye uxwebhu - oluxhasa amabango omcebisi omkhulu, kwaye akachazi inkuthazo yakhe yoqhagamshelwano. Ezi zibakala zonke ziphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuthembeka komthombo.
UHersh ukwathetha ukuba wenze udliwanondlebe nabantu abaninzi:
Ukudana kwamalungu amaninzi aphezulu eqela lakhe lesizwe lezokhuseleko, uTrump akakwazanga ukushukunyiswa kwiiyure ezingamashumi amane anesibhozo ezizayo zenkcazo emfutshane kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Kuluhlu lodliwano-ndlebe, ndiye ndafunda ngokuqhawula ngokupheleleyo unxibelelwano phakathi komongameli kunye nabacebisi bakhe abaninzi emkhosini kunye namagosa ezobuntlola, kunye namagosa asemhlabeni kulo mmandla abenokuqonda okwahluke ngokupheleleyo kohlobo lohlaselo lwaseSyria eKhan Sheikhoun. . Ndinikwe ubungqina boko kuqhawulwa konxibelelwano, ngokohlobo lwemibhalo yonxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani, kwangoko emva kohlaselo lwaseSyria nge-4 ka-Epreli.
UHersh ubhekisa "kumalungu amaninzi aphezulu" kunye "noluhlu lodliwano-ndlebe." Oku kunokuthetha udliwano-ndlebe nabantu abaninzi okanye ngaphezulu kodliwano-ndlebe nomntu omnye. U-Hersh ubonisa ngokucacileyo owangaphambili, kodwa akacaphuli "amalungu amaninzi aphezulu" eqela likaTrump, kwaye ngokwenene akacaphuli omnye umntu athethe naye ngaphandle komcebisi omkhulu ongaziwayo.
Unika isicatshulwa "kwigosa elinye" ebenencoko yombane kunye nomcebisi omkhulu, i umbhalo evelayo kwi Ihlabathi iwebhusayithi. UHersh uchaza esi sicatshulwa njengento igosa โeliyixelele oogxa bakhe,โ kodwa ngokwenene yiloo nto ayixelele umcebisi omkhulu.
Ke nini UJonathan Cook ubhala ukuba ukuthandabuza iakhawunti kaHersh kufuna ukukholelwa ukuba "inani elibalulekileyo lamagosa ezobuntlola e-US" angenza ibali, uyayifihla into yokuba "inani elibalulekileyo" lilingana nelinye okanye, uninzi, imithombo emibini.
Ngapha koko, uHersh uthi wanikwa ubungqina "ngendlela yokushicilelwa konxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani." Kodwa le mibhalo ibonakala iyincoko ye-elektroniki phakathi komthombo wakhe kunye negosa, hayi iirekhodi zokwenyani zasemkhosini. Kuko konke esikwaziyo, ijoni lidlulisela nje amarhe angenasihlahla.
Ngaphaya koko, ushicilelo lubonisa ukuba umcebisi omkhulu akaze alibuze igosa izinto ekufuneka intatheli izibuze yona: uzazi njani izinto othi uyazazi? Ngaba unalo ulwazi ngokwakho? Ngaba ikho indlela yokuqinisekisa amabango akho? Endaweni yoko, utshintshiselwano lufikelela kumbhiyozo wothando phakathi kwabaxhasi bakaTrump abaphoxekileyo - "Ndicinga ukuba bekungakhathaliseki nokuba sinyule uClinton okanye uTrump," ijoni lathi - kungekho namnye umbuzo oqinisekileyo olindelekileyo kwintatheli ezama uku. misela ukuthembeka komthombo.
Uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lwenqaku lubonisa ukuba uHersh akaze athi nabani na ngaphandle komcebisi wakhe ongaziwa wamnika ulwazi, owathi naye waba nengxoxo ye-elektroniki kunye nejoni elinye elingaziwa.
Kakade ke, umthombo omnye unokunikela inkcazelo eluncedo nenokuthenjwa. Kodwa iintatheli zinyanzelisa ukuqinisekiswa kuba uninzi lwee-crackpots zizama ukweyisela iintatheli ukuba zipapashe uhlobo lwazo lweziganeko. Ngelishwa, uluntu lokhuseleko lwesizwe lubonakala lunepesenti enkulu yeethiyori zeyelenqe kunabantu ngokubanzi.
Khumbula ukuba ngelixa uMichael Flynn wayekhokela i-Arhente yezoBuntlola kwezoKhuselo (DIA), abasebenzi bakhe baqulunqa igama elithi "Flynn iinyaniโ ukubhekisela kwiingxelo zakhe ezithandabuzekayo ngamanye amaxesha. Ewe, kwiintsuku nje ezintandathu ngaphambi konyulo, uFlynn tweeted Ibali leendaba ezingeyonyani elathi amapolisa kunye nabatshutshisi baseNew York bafumene ubungqina obunxibelelanisa uHillary Clinton kunye nabasebenzi bakhe abaninzi kwiphulo lokunyanga abantwana, ukuthutyeleziswa imali, ukuxoka, kunye nezinye izigebenga.
Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo: ingaba umthombo kaHersh ngumpempe onesibindi okanye ngumsebenzi wamandongomane? Isiphelo seli nqaku sisinika umkhondo.
UHersh uyakhanyela ukuba u-Assad ugunyazise uhlaselo lwerhasi ye-sarin, endaweni yoko wathi ibhombu yaseSyria yawisa isiqhushumbisi esiqhelekileyo kwindawo yentlanganiso yabanqolobi, ikhulula i-chlorine kunye ne-organophosphates. Kodwa inqaku liphetha ngesicatshulwa esivela kumcebisi onika ingcaciso eyahlukileyo:
"AmaSalafist kunye namajihadists bafumana yonke into ababeyifuna kwi-hyped-up Syrian nerve gas ploy," umcebisi omkhulu kuluntu lwezobuntlola e-US undixelele, ebhekisa ekuqhambukeni kwengxabano phakathi kweSyria, iRussia neMelika. "Umcimbi ngowokuba, kuthekani ukuba kukho olunye uhlaselo lweflegi yobuxoki ebizwa ngokuba yiSyria? UTrump uye wanyusa i-ante kwaye wazipeyinta ekoneni ngesigqibo sakhe sokuqhushumba. Kwaye ungacingi ukuba aba bafana abacwangcisi uhlaselo olulandelayo lwenkohliso. I-Trump ayinakukhetha ngaphandle kokuqhubhisa kwakhona, kwaye kunzima. Akakwazi ukuthi wenze impazamo.โ
Ngamanye amazwi, umcebisi ubhekisa kwinto eyenzekileyo nge-4 ka-Epreli njenge-jihadists ""i-hyped-up-up Syrian nerve gas ploy," "uhlaselo lwe-sarin yeflegi yobuxoki," "uhlaselo lwenkohliso."
(Omnye ubona iyelenqe elifanayo elivela kuPatrick Lang, owayesakuba ligosa eliphezulu le-DIA novakala ngathi โnjengomcebisi omkhuluโ kaHersh. iyavumelana Inqaku likaHersh, kodwa njengomcebisi omkhulu iifowuni Khan Sheikhoun umsebenzi weflegi yobuxoki, nokuba amaxhoba ayengabathinjwa abangamaKristu okanye abangengawo amaSunni.)
Kodwa ukuba olu yayiluhlaselo lwenkohliso, ke ibali likaHersh alilungile.
INzululwazi Ephosakeleyo
Ukubeka ecaleni umba wokukhangela, kufuneka sithandabuze ibango likaHersh lokuba ibhombu eqhelekileyo yajika iimpahla zabahlali zaba yigesi ebulalayo.
Okokuqala, ukudubula okuqhelekileyo phakathi kwezichumisi, izibulali zinambuzane, kunye nezibulali ntsholongwane akuvelisi sarin. Ukuvelisa i-sarin yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi engenakuphinda iphindwe kwiimeko ezinjalo.
Mhlawumbi, ke, igesi ebulalayo yayingeyo sarin. Kodwa oku kuya kuphikisana ngokuthe ngqo ne-OPCW, echonge ubukho be "i-sarin okanye into efana ne-sarinโ yaye, ngoJuni 30, baqinisekisa ukuba abantu baye bachanabeka kwi โi-sarin, isixhobo sekhemikhali.โ Iya phambili ziweyo ubukho bezinto ezintathu ezongezelelweyo: imveliso yokuqala yokuthotywa kwe-sarin, imveliso ye-sarin, kunye ne-stabilizer esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-sarin.
Abanye baye bathi ayinakuba yi-sarin kuba abaphenduli bokuqala akazange afumane miphumo mibi. Kodwa i-sarin engazingisayo ("kuba Iba ngumphunga ngokukhawuleza, i-sarin inika isoyikiso esikhawulezileyo kodwa esihlala ixesha elifutshane ") kwaye enyanisweni abanye abaphenduli bokuqala wenza nde zeleka iziphumo ezibi.
UHersh ngempazamo ubhekisa โkwi-organophosphates esetyenziswa kwizichumisi ezininzi.โ Njengoko Elliot Higgins okokuqala kwaboniswa, i-organophosphates ifumaneka kwi-pesticides ezininzi kungekhona izichumisi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, akukho mngcipheko omkhulu njenge-sarin - emva koko, amafama asebenza nabo. Ngaphezu koko, kuya kuthatha indawo yokugcina enkulu ukuvelisa iziphumo ezibonwe eKhan Sheikhoun. Ngowe-1986, umlilo watshisa indawo yokugcina impahla yaseSandoz ngaphandle kwaseBasle, eSwitzerland, eyayiqulethe iitoni ezili-1,300 zeemetric zemichiza, kuquka. I-859 itoni yeetoni imodareyithi ukuya kwi-organophosphates enetyhefu kakhulu (ininzi kakhulu kunokuba igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina impahla yaseKhan Sheikhoun). Ilifu lerhasi elinuka kakubi lisasazeke kwiindawo ezithile zaseBasle. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela "[t] abaguli abathathu be-asthma abafuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Iqela elisebenzayo eligunyaziswe ngurhulumente wecantonal ... linike ingxelo ngenqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu leziphumo ezivela kungcoliseko lomoya olubangelwe ngumlilo,โ nangona bekukho umonakalo omkhulu kokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokubaleka kwamanzi axutywe neekhemikhali eziphelela eRhine.
Amagosa aseMelika Kleyima ukuba ubungqina bubonisa ukuba igesi ye-sarin yachithwa ngokuvuza - ngokuhambelana nendlela izixhobo zekhemikhali ezisebenza ngayo - kunokuba kuqhume. Ukuba iUnited States iphosile eli bango, ngaba uHersh akakwazanga ukufumana ingcali kwirekhodi enokuthi iphikise?
UHersh ukwabanga ukuba "i-chlorine-based decontaminants yokucoca imizimba yabafi ngaphambi kokungcwatywa" yayigcinwe kwisakhiwo esiqhushumbisiwe, kodwa World Health Organization icebisa ngelithi โAkukho mfuneko yokubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba zilahlwe (ngaphandle kokuba kukho ikholera).โ
Ukuxhasa ibali lakhe, uHersh ubhala athi:
Uvavanyo lomonakalo webhombu (BDA) ngumkhosi wase-US kamva wagqiba ukuba ubushushu kunye namandla ebhombu yaseSyria eyi-500-ponti yabangela uqhushumbo lwesibini olunokuthi luvelise ilifu elikhulu elinetyhefu elaqala ukusasazeka phezu kwedolophu, lenziwe ngumbutho. ukukhululwa kwezichumisi, izibulala-ntsholongwane kunye nezinye iimpahla ezigcinwe kumgangatho ongaphantsi, umphumo waso wandiswa ngumoya oshinyeneyo wasekuseni, owabamba umsi kufutshane nomhlaba.
Oku kuvakala njengamaxwebhu okwenene, kodwa uHersh akacaphuli kuvavanyo, akabangi ukuba wayibona, ayifuni ukuba umthombo wakhe wayibona, kwaye akachongi uxwebhu ngomhla okanye i-arhente ekhuphayo. Ngapha koko, i-BDA iphinda ibango eliphosakeleyo lokuba isichumisi, endaweni yesibulali-zinambuzane, sibangele le ntlekele.
Ngeliphandle, umntu uyazibuza ukuba ngaba olu xwebhu lukhona na. Unobhala wezoKhuselo uJames Mattis yatsho esidlangalaleni ukuba:
urhulumente waseSyria wahlasela abantu bakhe esebenzisa izixhobo zekhemikhali. Ndizihlolisise ngokwam ubukrelekrele, kwaye akukho mathandabuzo ukuba urhulumente waseSyria unoxanduva lwesigqibo sokuhlasela kunye nohlaselo ngokwalo.
Ngelixa ukungakhathaleli kukaTrump inyaniso kusaziwa, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba uMattis angabeka esichengeni isidima sakhe ngokwenza ingxelo yokuba i-BDA evuzayo inokuphikisa kwangoko. Amagosa ahlala ebuya umva kubuxoki ngokubanga ukuba abanye abantu abaphantsi bamoshakele, kodwa uMattis uthe wabujonga ngokwakhe ubukrelekrele.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuba "amalungu amaninzi aphezulu" eqela lesizwe likaTrump "othukile" ukuba umongameli akabuhoyi ubungqina, akubonakali ngathi kunokwenzeka - ngakumbi xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuxhaphaka kokuvuza kulawulo lwangoku - ukuba omnye wabo angalukhulula uxwebhu kwaye ubungqina obucacileyo bokuba uMattis wayexoka?
Iiakhawunti ezahlukeneyo
Ibali likaHersh alikwazi ukuphendula ngokuziphatha kukaMattis, kodwa liphakamisa imibuzo engakumbi ngokubhekiselele kwiingxelo zaseRashiya naseSiriya zohlaselo, nangona zibakhulula.
UHersh kunye norhulumente wase-US bathi ibhombu yenzeke ngo-6: 30 AM. Assad kunye nomphathiswa wakhe wezangaphandle (ngomzuzu 6:41) bobabini bathi ayizange yenzeke de kwango-11:30. Isithethi sezokhuselo saseRussia (ngomzuzu 0:44) Kunye Ummeli we-UN ixhasa ixesha laseSiriya. Ngaphezu koko, isithethi sezokhuselo saseRussia (ngomzuzu 2:48) Kunye Ummeli we-UN yachaza ukuba uhlaselo lwenzeka kwimpuma yedolophu, kodwa, ngokutsho kukarhulumente waseMelika kunye noHersh, kwenzeka emantla.
Kakade ke, abantu bayazenza iimpazamo. UHersh, umzekelo, ubhekisa kwinqwelomoya yaseSyria eyenze uhlaselo njenge-SU-24, ngelixa yayiyi-SU-22. Le mpazamo ayenzi ngaphezulu kokubiza umgangatho we IhlabathiUkujonga inyani kumbuzo; kodwa iimpazamo zaseSyria naseRashiya zibonakala ngathi yinto eyahlukileyo. Ukuba iRashiya ngokwenene yayibonelele nge-United States indlela yokubhabha ecwangcisiweyo kunye nolungelelwaniso olujoliswe kuyo, njengoko uHersh ebango, kuya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga ukuba iMoscow ifumane ixesha kunye nendawo engalunganga.
Isithethi sezokhuselo saseRussia (ngomzuzu 5:58), isiRashiya Ummeli we-UNkunye nomphathiswa wezangaphandle waseSiriya (ngomzuzu 6:49) bonke bachaza ekujoliswe kuko kuhlaselo lwebhombu lwaseSyria njengendawo apho amajihadi ayevelisa kwaye egcina izixhobo zekhemikhali. Oku kuyaphikisana namabango kaHersh: uthi bajolise kwintlanganiso kwaye bengaqondanga bakhupha ilifu elinetyhefu emva kokubetha izitshabalalisi, isichumisi, kunye nezibulali ntsholongwane.
Ngelixa ibango laseSyria-Russian libonakala liqondakala ngakumbi kuba alikuphiki ubukho be-sarin, linezinye iingxaki ezinzulu.
Okokuqala, ukuba izixhobo zezixhobo zeekhemikhali zokuqhushumba zisasaza igesi yemithambo-luvo, ngoko ke amaSyria namaRussia ayengakhathali ngolwaphulo-mthetho ekuqaliseni uhlaselo. Kwaye abanakubanga ukuba babanjwe ngokumangalisayo, ngenxa yenkcazelo yabo ephantse ibe yephanyazo yoko kwakusenzeka kwisakhiwo.
Okwesibini, akukho bungqina bubonisa ukuba nawaphi na amaqela e-jihadist ane-sarin. (I-chlorine okanye igesi yemostade, engeyiyo i-nerve agents, musa ukuba yi-sarin xa iqhunyiswa.) UN kwaye i OMvulo baye babhala ukusetyenziswa kwe-ISIS yegesi yemostade, kodwa ingaze ibe negesi ye-nerve. Nokuba i-ISIS ifumene izandla kwi-sarin, zinjalo hayi ngoku eKhan Sheikhoun.
Okwesithathu, iyayiphikisa inkolelo yokuba abachasi baka-Assad babeza kugcina inani elikhulu le-sarin kwaye abazange bayisebenzise, โโnangona ukuhlaselwa komkhosi emva kokubuyela emva komkhosi, ukungqingwa yindlala, kunye nezinye izenzo zenkohlakalo.
Ukuba sivuma amabango aseRashiya naseSiriya ukuba i-jihadists isebenzise i-sarin - amabango ukuba ababukeli abangathathi hlangothi baye bagatya - ngoko sigqiba ngesinye isiphumo esimangalisayo: i-rebel sarin ayinakulimaza imikhosi yase-Assad, kuphela abantu abavukelayo.
Isine, ubukrelekrele French wafumanisa ukuba iimpawu zeekhemikhali zeKhan Sheikhoun sarin zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo ne-sarin urhulumente waseSiriya owadala. U-Hersh akaze axoxe ngengxelo yesiFrentshi, eyenza ukuba kubonakale ngathi ngumongameli waseMelika kuphela ongakholelwa ukuba uAssad wasebenzisa igesi ye-nerve. Ukuba, njengoko uHersh ebango, isangqa sangaphakathi sikaTrump sicinezele ubungqina, kutheni ubukrelekrele baseFrentshi bungawela ngenxa yoko?
Elliot Amanqam nabanye abahlalutyi baye baphawula ukuba iRashiya inokuphelisa okuninzi koku kubhideka ngokubonelela ngokuthe ngqo ulungelelwaniso lwesakhiwo ukuze sikwazi ukuthelekisa imifanekiso yangaphambili nasemva kwayo. Ngaba imifanekiso yesathelayithi ibonisa isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini, isakhiwo sekhonkrithi esigcwele izinto nge-3 ka-Epreli eqhushumbisiwe kwi-smithereens nge-5 ka-Epreli? Inyani yokuba iRussia ayinikezelanga ngolu lwazi iyingozi kakhulu.
Ingxelo esemhlabeni ijongela phantsi ngakumbi iakhawunti yaseMoscow. A Guardian umcholi-ndaba ukukhangela isakhiwo esihambelana nenkcazelo yokuqala yamaRashiya afumananga bungqina buxhasa ibango labo.
Njengoko uHiggins ephawula, ayinguye uPutin kuphela onokususa amathandabuzo ngokubonelela ngolungelelwaniso lwesakhiwo. Hersh - okanye umthombo wakhe okanye umthombo wakhe - unokwenza okufanayo. Ukuba, njengoko bebanga, iRussia ithumele iinkcukacha zoqhankqalazo e-United States, kufuneka yenze loo ngcaciso esidlangalaleni (nangona ingaziwa) ukuqinisekisa ityala labo. Ukusilela kwabo ukwenza oko kubonisa ukuba abanatyala.
Ikwaxela ukuba iMoscow isoloko izama ukuvimba ukufunyanwa kwenyani. AmaRashiya vetoed idrafti yesigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN ukuphanda uhlaselo lweKhan Sheikhoun. Kakade ke, bathi wonke umntuโi-UN, i-OPCW, ii-NGOs, noninzi loorhulumente behlabathiโbanomkhethe nxamnye nabo.
Amabango Abaxwayo
UHersh utyhola ulawulo lweTrump ngokuxoka, ukucinezela, kunye nokugqithisa ulwazi ukuxhasa ungenelelo lomkhosi kunye nokutshintsha kolawulo olunokwenzeka eSyria. Inqaku lakhe, nangona kunjalo, liqulethe ukugqithisa ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na i-akhawunti yaseMelika yokuhlaselwa kwezixhobo zekhemikhali.
Ngokutsho kukaHersh, amaRashiya adlala ngemithetho, exelela i-United States ukuba iSiriya yayiza kubhobhoza indawo yokuhlangana ye-jihadist enyakatho yeKhan Sheikhoun kunye ne-munition yesiqhelo ekhokelwayo. Uchaza ukuba "amagosa ase-US naseRashiya ahlala enikezelana ngeenkcukacha zendlela yenqwelomoya ecwangcisiweyo kunye nolungelelwaniso ekujoliswe kulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mngcipheko wokungqubana okanye ukudibana ngengozi."
Oku kuyayigqithisa inkqubo yokuphelisa ungquzulwano. Ngokuqinisekileyo iMoscow ayiyiniki iUnited States isaziso esibhaliweyo ngalo lonke ixesha iceba ukuqhushumbisa isibhedlele. Kwaye kutheni benokuthi baxelele abantu baseMelika ukuba loluphi ummiselo abaceba ukuwusebenzisa? Loo nkcazelo yayingayi kunceda ukuphepha ukungqubana okanye ukudibana ngempazamo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, nokuba uHersh uqinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba amaRashiya adlulisa ilizwi lokuba amaSiriya aya kubhobhoza intlanganiso ye-jihadist ephezulu kunye nokuqhuma okuqhelekileyo, oko akuthinteli ukuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali. Kuthetha nje ukuba amaRashiya akazange axelele iUnited States lonke ibali.
AmaSiriya - okanye amaSiriya kunye namaRashiya - anokuthi athathe isigqibo sokwenza uhlaselo lweekhemikhali kwaye azise kuphela i-United States ukuba baceba uhlaselo oluqhelekileyo. Ukuba abantu baseMelika abakhohlisayo bathenge eli bali kwaye basilela ukufuna ubungqina obubambekayo bokuba into eyathethwa ngamaRussia yinto eyenzekayo, iya kunciphisa ukuwa kwezopolitiko kuhlaselo lwekhemikhali.
Umqondiso oqinisekileyo wokungakhathali kukuphinda amazwi aseSiriya (ngomzuzu 2:47kunye nesiRashiya (ngomzuzu 5:09) abameli ukuba iSiriya yayingenakusebenzisa izixhobo zeekhemikhali kuba, njengoko i-OPCW inqume, zonke izixhobo zabo zeekhemikhali ziye zatshatyalaliswa. Kodwa i-OPCW ayigqibanga nto injalo. Yathi ngelixa ikholelwa ukuba uAssad wazitshabalalisa izixhobo awayevuma ukuba unazo, yona akavuma ingxelo yakhe:
NgoJulayi 2016, uMlawuli-Jikelele wazisa iBhunga eliLawulayo, ngengxelo yakhe kwiseshoni ye-82 yeBhunga, ukuba i-Ofisi yoBugcisa ayikwazanga ukusombulula zonke izikhewu ezichongiweyo, ukungahambelani kunye nokungahambelani kwisibhengezo saseSyria kwaye ngoko ke ayinakuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba iSiriya ingenise isibhengezo esinokuthi sithathwe njengechanekileyo kwaye siphelele.
UHersh akaphindanga ngokrwada ibango laseDamasko-Moscow. Ubhala athi:
Wonke umntu obandakanyekayo, ngaphandle kokuba umongameli [waseMelika], naye waqonda ukuba iqela leZizwe eziManyeneyo elinobuchule lichithe ixesha elingaphezu konyaka emva kohlaselo lwe-sarin ngo-2013 nguSyria, lususa oko kwakusithiwa zizo zonke izixhobo zekhemikhali. iindawo zokugcina izixhobo zekhemikhali zaseSyria ezilishumi elinesibini.
Qaphela amagama amtyibilizi: iqela elinobuchule le-UN lisuse "into ekwakuthiwe yiyo" zonke izixhobo zekhemikhali kwiindawo zokugcina izixhobo zaseSyria. U-Hersh uyashiya owayithethayo: yayingeloqela le-UN, kodwa u-Assad owathi iSiriya yatshabalalisa yonke indawo yokugcina izixhobo zayo.
Yintoni omawuyikholelwe
Ukuba siyathandabuza ingxelo kaHersh, simele sikholwe ukuba u-Assad wayenokukhetha ukusebenzisa izixhobo zekhemikhali, ukuba iRashiya ivume, kwaye amanye amalungu ombutho wezokhuseleko lwelizwe laseMelika akholelwa kwaye asasaza amahemuhemu.
Kodwa ukwamkela i-akhawunti kaHersh kufuna ukuba sikholwe ukuba i-Assad kunye neRashiya abazange benze izenzo ezingeyomfuneko, ukuba yonke i-NGO ehloniphekileyo iye yazithoba egameni likaTrump, ukuba i-UN kunye neFransi zisepokothweni yaseWashington, ukuba i-OPCW ivelisa iingxelo zobuxoki, ukuba amaRashiya kwaye amaSyria akenzanga nto iphosakeleyo nangona ebeka phambili amabali angahambelani ngokupheleleyo neakhawunti kaHersh, ukuba uMattis ngewayexokile ngokuphonononga ubukrelekrele bakhe ukuba ukuvuza kungadelela ngoko nangoko, kwaye nangona uninzi lwamalungu omkhosi kunye noluntu lobukrelekrele luvutha ngumsindo. I-Trump yala kwaye ubungqina bobuxoki, u-Hersh akafumananga mntu uzimisele ukuthetha kwirekhodi, kuphela umntu ozimisele ukuthetha naye ngaphandle kwerekhodi, kwaye akukho nxalenye yobungqina obubhaliweyo.
Ndiyazi ukuba yeyiphi kwezi ebonakala ikholeleka ngakumbi kum.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela
7 izimvo
U-Assad kunye namaRussia basebenzisa iziqhushumbisi zemibhobho kunye nezibhedlele eziqhubhile. Ezo zizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinzulu zemfazwe (phakathi kwezinye ezininzi). Andiyamkeli into yokuba ezi zinto zingasentla zazifuneka โukuze koyiswe abavukeli.โ
U-Shalom uqinisekisa ukuba u-Assad (ngemvume yaseRashiya) wayenezizathu ezininzi zokuqhuba uhlaselo lweKhan Sheikhoun. Ngokwenyani, bonke ubungqina ukuza kuthi ga ngoku bubonakala busalatha kwelo cala. Kusenokubakho izizathu zokungabaza uxanduva luka-Assad, kodwa njengoko uShalom ebonisa, uHersh akaboneleli nayiphi na. Kulo mzekelo, ukujongelwa phantsi kweHersh kumajelo eendaba eenkampani kunye neDemokhrasi Ngoku kuthetheleleka ngokupheleleyo.
Kuhlala kukholelwa ukuba ukuqaphela ezi nyaniso zingasentla kukucela ungenelelo lomkhosi wase-US. Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukubamba ezi mbono zingasentla kwaye uchase ungenelelo lomkhosi, njengoko ndiqinisekile ukuba uShalom unjalo.
kulula kwaye kumnandi ukuhlasela iintshaba ezisemthethweni akunjalo? ustevie ubonakala eyayithanda. ke okokuqala kuthekani ngokusetyenziswa kweeglavu xa uphethe amaxhoba? kwaye okwesibini uphendula njani kwi-debunking ye-theodore postol yohlaselo?
okokugqibela kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu kutheni sithetha ngale nto? u-assad ngulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kwaye ndiyakwazi ukufunda konke malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho lwakhe ngamaxesha amaninzi. ndafunda iznet ukufumanisa ukuba amaxesha angafuni ukuba ndiyazi. njengolwaphulo-mthetho lukarhulumente wethu - e-Syria, i-Iraq, i-Iran - ndingaqhubeka?
Akucaci ukuba kutheni uStephen Shalom ebona kufanelekile ukuba abhale inqaku elide elichasene nesiqwenga sikaSeymour Hersh esihlolwe e-US naseNgilani. Kutheni ungabhali malunga nomgangatho ophindwe kabini we-US xa kuziwa ekunikeni ingxelo malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho lwamva nje lwemfazwe olwenziwe eMosul apho izenzo zase-US, ukuba azikho ngaphezu, ngokuqinisekileyo zithelekiseka nezo zenziwa ngu-Assad e-Aleppo, okanye iibhombu ze-500 zeeponti zithathwa njengezoluntu. isixhobo xa kuthelekiswa neziqhushumbisi zemibhobho kuba zigqibezela izakhiwo ezitshabalalisayo kunye naye wonke umntu okuzo ngogwayimbo olunye.
Kwaye ewe, kutheni uShalom ehluleka ukukhankanya umsebenzi kaTheodore Postol obonisa ukuba ingxelo ye-White House malunga nokuqhunyiswa kwebhomu eKhan Sheikhoun ngo-Ephreli 4 yayingenakubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwegesi ye-sarin enikwe ubungqina obunikeziweyo. Umsebenzi we-Postol wathunyelwa kwi-Truthdig, kunye nokuhlolwa kweendaba eziqhelekileyo kuxoxwa nguMedia Len kwisiqwenga esinesihloko esithi: "'Ityala elingenakuthethelelwa' - uNjingalwazi Postol kunye neSiriya".
Kwaye uHersh ayinguye yedwa obuza ubunyani obujikeleze amabango ohlaselo lwerhasi ye-sarin.
Ukongeza kuJonathan Cook kunye no-Uri Avnery ogama linguShalom ngasentla, uNoam Chomsky uye wathandabuza ingqiqo yokuba uAssad uza kwenza uhlaselo lwegesi ye-sarin, esazi ezisa isigwebo sabo bonke abo bachasene naye, okanye ukuba amaRashiya angavumela. uhlaselo olunjalo lunikwe ukubandakanyeka kwabo.
Amanqaku anjengala abonakala exhasa kuphela abo bajongela phantsi iLeft njengeefractious.
I-500 yeebhombu zeeponti - ngokuchanekileyo. uninzi lolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kwiplanethi okwangoku. Umgca we-mlk malunga noyena mntu uhlambulula ubundlobongela useyinyani nanamhlanje. ke masicoce isenzo sethu kwaye ke ndiya kuvuma kakhulu ukufunda ngabo bonke abadlali ababi emhlabeni kwaye ndizive ndimkhulu. u-stevie ubonakala kum engomnye "ummeli wepropaganda yelizwe" ukusebenzisa umgca kachomsky. wayebhekisa kwilefty enkulu yeny amaxesha u-anthony lewis ebhekisa kwiCambodia.
Uhlalutyo lukaShalom luyinyameko kwaye lucingela, kwaye ndicinga ngokukholisayo ukuba ingxelo yeHersh iyisityhilelo esincinci kakhulu, kwaye igcwele ukungahambelani kwangaphakathi. Isishwankathelo: UHersh's (mhlawumbi) omnye kunye nomthombo kuphela wayengumntu wangaphandle kwiziganeko azichazayo, ekude kakhulu kwiintlanganiso kunye nokwenza izigqibo zolawulo lweTrump. Ngapha koko, kwaloo mntu unolwazi ngokucacileyo unombono ohluke ngokupheleleyo kunoHersh malunga nento eyenzekayo ngo-Epreli 4, eyibiza ngokuba "yiflegi yobuxoki", ngelixa uHersh echaza uhlaselo olucwangciswe ngurhulumente waseSyria luhamba kakubi, olwasetyenziswa nguTrump njengesizathu sokwenza. ibhombu encinane ukuze azenzele umongameli wokwenene.
Isiqwenga asinaziphene kwimbono yam, nangona kunjalo. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba uShalom ngokwakhe uyazibaxa izinto zikaHersh. UShalom: โNgokuqinisekileyo iMoscow ayiyiniki isaziso esibhaliweyo iUnited States ngalo lonke ixesha iceba ukuqhushumbisa isibhedlele. Kwaye kutheni benokuthi baxelele abantu baseMelika ukuba ngowuphi umthetho abaceba ukuwusebenzisa? โ Enyanisweni, iHersh ayithethi ukuba amaRashiya anika isaziso esibhaliweyo, kwaye akafuni ukuba adlulisele iinkcukacha zezixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa.
Kwakhona, ndivumelana nokuthandabuza kukaJoe Emerberger malunga nomzamo kaShalom wokufumana ingqiqo e-Assad eyala ukuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali. Nangona engamagqabaza abangelโ umdla, akakholisi kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi imeko ilahlekile. Uninzi lweenkcazo zokuba kutheni u-Assad engasebenzisi iziko lezixhobo zekhemikhali malunga nentlekele eya kwehlela urhulumente wakhe njengesiphumo. Emehlweni uninzi lwabachasi bakhe, sele ewugqithile loo mgca, ukanti ezo ntlekele zixelwe kwangaphambili azikenzeki.
U-Shalom unzima ngokwenene ukuphikisa ukuba uhlaselo lweekhemikhali lwalunengqiqo kurhulumente waseSiriya.
Ewe ama-Syria namaRashiya, ukuze babethe umva abavukeli, kuye kwafuneka ukuba benze izinto ezibeka emngciphekweni wokujongana ne-USA okanye i-press embi kakhulu kumazwe ngamazwe - njengokuthatha i-Aleppo.
Oko akukwenzi ukuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali eKhan Sheikhoun ngokwezempi - ngokucacileyo.
Umhlathi oqukumbelayo bubudenge kakhulu. IFransi akufuneki ibe "epokothweni" ye-USG ukutyhala umgca ofanayo. Lilizwe elithumela izixhobo zokufudumeza ngaphandle njenge-United States. I-UN isengozini kakhulu kuxinzelelo lwe-US (kunye ne-allied). Ngaba i-Iraq ayisifundisanga nto - kunye neLibya? I-OPCW ayizange ilawule ngokufanelekileyo "ikhonkco lokugcinwa" njengoko uScott Ritter wabonisa.
https://www.newcoldwar.org/ex-un-weapons-inspector-scott-ritter-trumps-sarin-claims-built-lie/
Le nto kaShalom iyaziphikisa: "Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba uMatis angabeka esichengeni isidima sakhe ngokwenza ingxelo yokuba i-BDA evuzayo inokuphikisa kwangoko"
Xa kujongwa indlela intatheli edume kwihlabathi elifana noHersh eye yacinywa kumajelo eendaba eshishini โ kwaneendawo ezifana neDemokhrasi Ngoku โ โakukho mngciphekoโ kwaphela kuMathis ukuthetha ubuxoki. UJonathan Cook, okhankanywe nguShalom kweli nqaku, uye wamangaliswa yindlela ekulula ngayo ukuba uHersh ahlulwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esithembekileyo.
,
"UShalom uyazama ukuphikisa ukuba uhlaselo lweekhemikhali lwalunengqiqo kurhulumente waseSyria."
Ndivuma ngokupheleleyo.
Kukwakho nomba welungu le-NATO, ukuhambelana okuqondwa ngokubanzi kweTurkey kunye namaSilamsi ezopolitiko axhaswa nguSaudi, afana ne-Al Qaeda lobulungu, i-Al Nusra Front. I-Assad kufuneka ipeyintwe ngeyona migaqo imbi kakhulu ukuba zombini zihluke kulwaphulo-mthetho olubi lwe-US kunye ne-UK kuMbindi Mpuma, kwaye ngokwemiqathango yokuba i-anti-Assad flak isetyenziselwa ukuzama ukucima kunye / okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwe-Turkey complicity. ; yigcine kwiphepha lokuqala. Ayikuko ukuba imithombo yeendaba yethu ifuna ukukholisa kakhulu ukuliphelisa ibali.
Ngaphaya koko, uTrump owoyikekayo uzuze ilifa lemfazwe ebandayo ka-Obama kunye noPutin-backed Assad, kunye nokuzimisela kuka-Obama ukuxoka malunga nokuqiniseka kokusetyenziswa kuka-Assad kwezixhobo zekhemikhali, apho imithombo yezobuntlola yase-Hersch yase-US ichaze ukuba ibithe kratya ukutsho okuncinci, kwaye igorha elibandayo lemfazwe / i-careerist ilele kwezona zimbi.
Isikhundla sikaHersch kufuneka sigxekwe, kodwa iyandichukumisa into yokuba kukho into engaphaya kovayo apha ngokuchasene nesikhundla sakhe esicandelwe kakhulu.