[khangela Apha ngoshicilelo olupheleleyo oluguqulelweyo lwentlanganiso yaseBush-Aznar exoxwe ngezantsi.]
Eyona nto indikhathazayo ngawe lithemba lakho.
- Inkulumbuso yaseSpain uJosé María Aznar kuMongameli Bush, ukusuka kwi-Crawford Transcript kaFebruwari 22, 2003
Ngokuqinisekileyo enye yeempawu ezibuhlungu zesithuba sethu-i-11 kaSeptemba sisidingo esingapheliyo sokuqinisekisa iinyani eziqinisekisiweyo, kwaye zangqinwa kwakhona, kodwa njengoko zikhatywayo ngabo basemagunyeni, besinyanzela ukuba siphile sivaleleke phakathi kweengxelo ezimbini zembali yangoku. , lowo ufumana ubomi nombala namandla njengoko zisiya zisaziwa ngakumbi izibakala, omnye ekhula ngokurhabaxa, ebhitya, edakumbile ngakumbi, engaxhaswa bubomi bamagunya asemthethweni.
Embindini wobomi bethu bobuzwe kumi ibali eliphambili lezopolitiko: Imfazwe yaseIraq, eyalwelwa ukuphelisa isoyikiso sezixhobo zembubhiso engazange yabakho, yafikelela kwisigqibo esikhawulezayo nesizukileyo kwindawo yokuthwala inqwelomoya ekhanyiswe lilanga. owathi umbhiyozo woloyiso phantse ngephanyazo waba lihlazo lesizwe. Oko kwenzeka kwiminyaka emine enesiqingatha eyadlulayo; Ukuphela kwemfazwe kunye nesiqalo sayo, esichazwe ngokucacileyo kweso sihlandlo singcangcazelayo, kudala sathi shwaka kwimbali ekhuphisanayo.
Ukungena yamva nje ukuba imbali yabonakala ngoSeptemba 26, xa Spanish mihla El País yapapasha umbhalo wengxoxo eyayibanjwe ngoFebruwari 22, 2003 - phantse inyanga ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe iqale - phakathi kukaMongameli Bush kunye noJosé María Aznar, owayengumongameli waseSpain. Nangona iinkokeli zadibana kwifama kaMnu. Bush eCrawford, eTexas, ezinye zakhawuleza zayibiza ikopi ye-Downing Street Memo II, kwaye ngokwenene uxwebhu lwabelana ngemixholo ethile kunye nememorandam yaseBritane ebaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi kumboniso ocacileyo womsantsa phakathi kwento kaMongameli Bush. kunye namalungu olawulo lwakhe ayethetha esidlangalaleni ngexesha lokujonga imfazwe kunye nento ababeyithetha, kwaye beyenza, kwiindawo zabucala ngakumbi. Nangona uHans Blix, umhloli oyintloko we-UN amaqela akhe ayegqogqa i-Iraq ngezixhobo ezinqabileyo, kwakungekabikho ingxelo yakhe - kwiiveki ezimbini kamva wayeya kuxelela iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ukuba ayizukuthatha "minyaka, okanye iiveki, kodwa iinyanga" gqiba "imisebenzi eseleyo yokuthotywa kwezixhobo" - uMongameli akanamonde, kwaye unexhala, ngemfazwe. "Oku kufana nokungcungcuthekiswa kwamanzi eTshayina," utshilo malunga novavanyo. "Kufuneka siyiphelise."
Naxa kuxoxwa ngeyona nto iphambili ka-Aznar, imfuno ebalulekileyo yokunika imfazwe ukuba semthethweni kwezizwe ngezizwe ngokufumana isisombululo sesibini se-UN esithethelela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla-isigqibo, ngentlekele, asizange sifezekiswe - kuncinci ukwenziwa ngathi ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq akukabikho. isiqinisekiso. "Ukuba nabani na uyavota," uMongameli uxelela uAznar,
“siza kuhamba. U-Saddam Hussein akanciphisi izixhobo. Kufuneka simbambe kwangoku. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sibonise isixa esimangalisayo somonde. Kushiyeke iiveki ezimbini. Kwiiveki ezimbini siza kube silungele umkhosi…. Siza kube siseBaghdad ekupheleni kukaMatshi.”
Ikhalenda sele imiselwe - hayi ngabahloli kunye nento abanokuthi bayifumane okanye abangayifumani, okanye ngabathunywa bezozakuzo kunye nento abanokuthi bayenze okanye bangaxoxisana ngayo, kodwa ngokubekwa kunye nokulungela iinqwelomoya zemfazwe kunye namajoni kunye namatanki.
Yabakho nini imfazwe ngokuqinisekileyo? Ukwehla kwezimo zengqondo zikaMongameli akunakwenzeka ukuba kubhalwe, nangona ukusukela kuJulayi odlulileyo, intloko yezobuntlola zaseBritane, uMhlekazi uRichard Dearlove, kwiindibano zakhe ezidumileyo eWashington, wafumanisa "utshintsho olubonakalayo kwisimo." Njengoko uDearlove ecatshulwe enika ingxelo kwikhabhinethi yaseBritane kweyona ndawo idumileyo kwiDowning Street Memo:
“Umkhosi ngoku wawujongwa njengento engenakuphepheka. UBush wayefuna ukususa uSaddam, ngesenzo somkhosi, esilungelelaniswe ngokudibana nobunqolobi kunye ne-WMD. Kodwa ubukrelekrele kunye neenyani bezilungiswa malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo. I-NSC yayingenamonde kwindlela ye-UN….”1
Kukule ngongoma-imfuno yabantu baseYurophu ukuba babe nesigqibo se-UN esithethelela amandla, kwaye ke ngoko umthetho, okanye ubuncinci obusemthethweni, imfazwe, kunye nokungavisisani okunzulu phakathi kwamagosa olawulo lukaBush malunga nokuthatha "indlela ye-UN" - kakhulu. yedrama yeCrawford transcript ejikayo, iyenza ibe luhlobo lokudlala olufaka i-European sinuous, efihlakeleyo, nephucukileyo, ixhalabele inkcaso enkulu eYurophu, kwaye eSpain ngakumbi, kwimfazwe ekhokelwa yiMelika kunye neIraq. ("Sifuna uncedo lwakho ngoluvo lwethu loluntu," uAznar uxelela uBush), ngokuchasene ne-blustery, engenamonde, edubula ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwi-hip-American cowboy. UBush ufuna ukubeka isigqibo sesibini ngoMvulo. UAznar uthi, “Sikhetha ukulinda de kube ngoLwesibini.” UBush uthi, “NgoMvulo emva kwemini, sithathela ingqalelo umahluko wezowuni yexesha.” Kwisikhalazo sikaBush sokuba inkqubo ye-UN ibifana “nentuthumbo yamanzi yaseTshayina,” i-Aznar inika ukuqonda okupholileyo kunye nesibongozo sokuphefumla:
"Aznar: Ndiyavuma, kodwa kuya kuba kuhle ukukwazi ukubala kubantu abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Yiba nomonde omncinci.
"Bush: Umonde wam uphelile. Andizukudlula phakathi kuMatshi.
"Aznar: Andikuceli ukuba ube nomonde ongapheliyo. Ukwenza nje konke okusemandleni ukuze yonke into ihlangane. ”
U-Aznar, imbono yamaKatolika ephiko lasekunene ekholelwa kwiingxoxo zamalungelo oluntu zokususa uSaddam Hussein, uzifumana ekumda wemela yezopolitiko: abantu baseSpain abangaphezu kwesithoba kwabalishumi abachasayo ukuya emfazweni kwaye izigidi zisandula ukuhamba kwizitrato zaseMadrid zinomsindo. inkcaso; ukhathazeke kakhulu ukufumana isisombululo se-UN esenza imfazwe ibe ngumzamo ovunyelwe ngamazwe ngamazwe kwaye kungekhona nje "ubundlobongela" obukhokelwa yiMelika. UBush uphendula isibongozo sakhe sediplomacy kunye nenani elimangalisayo lezoyikiso ezijoliswe kumalungu ethutyana eBhunga lezoKhuseleko. Uthi: “Amazwe anjengeMexico, iChile, iAngola neCameroon afanele azi ukuba eyona nto isengozini lunqabiseko lweUnited States nokwenza izinto ngendlela yobuhlobo kuthi.” Kwimeko apho u-Aznar engayifumani ingongoma, uchazela ummi waseSpeyin ukuba isizwe ngasinye siya kubandezeleka ukuba asiyiqondi “into esemngciphekweni”:
“[UMongameli waseChile uRicardo] Lagos kufuneka azi ukuba iSivumelwano soRhwebo ngokuKhululwa kunye neChile silindele ukuqinisekiswa kweSenethi, kwaye isimo sengqondo esibi ngalo mba sinokubeka emngciphekweni eso siqinisekiso. I-Angola ifumana inkxaso-mali kwi-Millennium Account enokuthi nayo ibekwe esichengeni ukuba ayibonisi isimo sengqondo esihle. Kwaye uPutin kufuneka azi ukuba isimo sakhe sengqondo sibeka emngciphekweni ubudlelwane baseRashiya ne-United States. "
Eyona nto imangalisayo malunga nesi sicatshulwa ayisiyiyo kuphela indlela ekrwada kwaye imbi, kunye noMongameli wase-United States ekhupha izoyikiso njengeqela lemiboniso bhanyabhanya - ngokuqinisekileyo ufuna ukuba iSpanishi izidlulisele ngqo kwiinkokeli ezahlukeneyo - kodwa indlela eliye laguquka ngayo ibluster. ngaphandle ukuba. Akukho nalinye kula mazwe latshintsha ukuma kwalo kwisigqibo sesibini, esingazange siziswe phambi kweBhunga lezoKhuseleko kwinto eyayiza koyiswa ngokuqinisekileyo. UBush, ekwenzeni izoyikiso, wenza into enye inkokeli esebenzayo ekufuneka isoloko iyiphepha: wakhupha umyalelo ongathotyelwanga, ngaloo ndlela ebonisa imida yamandla akhe. (Imfazwe yase-Iraq ngokwayo, eyayithetha ukuba yayiza “kothusa kwaye yoyike” umhlaba ngakumbi iintshaba zase-US, yenza into enye.)
Kunye ne-bluster kuza kuzenza ilungisa ngokungqongqo. U-Aznar ubuza ukuba ingaba "inokwenzeka na into yokuba uSaddam Hussein aye elubhacweni" - "eyona mpumelelo inkulu," uxelele uMongameli, "ingaba kukuphumelela umdlalo ngaphandle kokudubula enye" - kwaye uBush uphendula ukuba kukho: amaJiphutha.
“Utsho ukuba uzimisele ukuya elubhacweni ukuba bamvumela athabathe ibhiliyoni enye yeedola kunye nalo lonke ulwazi alufunayo malunga nezixhobo zokutshabalalisa.”
Kwaye ngaba ukugxothwa okunjalo, kubuza uAznar, ukuza “nesiqinisekiso” (ekusenokwenzeka ukuba sichasa ukutshutshiswa okanye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe)? “Akukho siqinisekiso,” utshilo uBush. “Ulisela, umgrogrisi, isaphuli-mthetho semfazwe. Xa kuthelekiswa noSaddam, uMilosevic uya kuba ngumama Teresa. Nangona kunzima ukuvavanya ukuba ingaba uSaddam wayekulungele na ukuyishiya i-Iraq - amaJiphutha, amaSaudis, kunye nabanye ababethe ngelo xesha babenomdla wokubona uSaddam ehamba kunye nolwakhiwo lwamandla eSunni luhlala lukhona - akunakwenzeka ukuba angenza njalo. yenza njalo ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lwesiqinisekiso, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uBush avale.
Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kwesi sicatshulwa, kwaye ngokwenene kuko konke okubhaliweyo, yinto eyityhilayo malunga nezimo zengqondo kunye nomlingiswa kaBush. Ngomzuzu omnye uyadumba kwaye woyikise, olandelayo uthetha ngentlonipho nangokuzilungisa ngendlela akhokelwa “yimbali yoxanduva”:
“Xa iminyaka ethile ukusukela ngoku iMbali isigweba, andifuni abantu bazibuze ukuba kutheni uBush, okanye uAznar, okanye uBlair bengajonganga noxanduva lwabo. Ekugqibeleni, into efunwa ngabantu kukunandipha inkululeko. Kungekudala, eRomania, ndakhunjuzwa ngomzekelo kaCeausescu: kwathatha umfazi omnye nje ukuba ambize umqambimanga ukuba yonke inkqubo yengcinezelo yehle. Ngawo amandla angenakunqandeka enkululeko. Ndiqinisekile ukuba ndiza kusifumana eso sigqibo.”
Akazange ayifumane, kunjalo. Ngaphandle kokuqiniseka kwakhe, akukho Chile okanye iAngola okanye iRussia ibonakalise ukuba ikulungele ukutshintsha iivoti zabo, isoyikiso okanye akukho sisongelo. Kukho umahluko phakathi kokuqiniseka nokuba yinyaniso. Ukukholelwa kukaBush, apha nakwenye indawo, akuvelanga kuhlahlelo oluzimeleyo lweenyani-ezinomdla kunye neenjongo zezizwe ezibandakanyekayo-kodwa zivela kumthombo wokholo. Uzibhidile iintetho, nangona ziphakamisa, kwaye ziyinyani. UAznar, umLungu ochubekileyo, ugqabaza ekrwada koku. Yeyona mzuzu kaJamesian kwiplaylet yeCrawford; umntu angaphantse abone ishiya eligobileyo ngobuchule:
"Aznar: Eyona nto indikhathazayo ngawe lithemba lakho.
Bush: Ndingumntu onethemba, kuba ndikholelwa ukuba ndinyanisile. Ndiseluxolweni nam. Kuxhomekeke kuthi ukujongana nesisongelo esinzulu soxolo.”
Kuyaxhalabisa, njengoko uAznar esitsho, ukuthembela kwithemba elisekelwe kwinkolelo kuphela. Ummi waseSpain uyazi ukuba ukufumana eso sigqibo sesibini seBhunga lezoKhuseleko, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuba semthethweni kwemfazwe yehlabathi jikelele, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu; kwiintlanga ezininzi, ukusungula imfazwe e-Iraq, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba abahloli be-UN bawugqibe umsebenzi wabo, akuthandeki kakhulu. Ukholo alunakuthabathel’ indawo izibakala, kwanoluvo lwembali lobuthunywa. Bobabini banokuthuthuzela ngokwabo - ngokucacileyo baya kuGeorge W. Bush - kodwa abasithinteli isidingo azi izinto.
UBush weza eofisini indoda eyayingazi kangako ngehlabathi, eyayingazange ihambe ngaphandle kwelizwe, eyayingazi nto ngenkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle kunye nediplomacy. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, emva kohlaselo lwe-11 kaSeptemba kunye nokuvela kwakhe "njengomongameli wemfazwe" ozichaza ngokwakhe, uye wazi kuphela ukuba oku kungabikho kolwazi akusiyo isiphene kodwa mhlawumbi namandla: ukuba akayifuni. ukwazi izinto ukuze ukholelwe ukuba ulungile kwaye abe seluxolweni naye. Uphinde wachaza ubuthathaka bakhe - ukungabi nalwazi kunye namava - njengamandla akhe omnye. Ukholelwa ukuba unyanisile. Kungumbandela wezizukulwana, ikamva nenkululeko: “kuxhomekeke kuthi ukujongana nesisongelo esinzulu soxolo.” KuBush, ukholo, ukuqiniseka, kunye novakalelo lwekamva - hayi iinyani okanye ulwazi - zezona mfuno zobunkokeli.2
Ke uBush uzithembile - uzithembile malunga nokuphumelela isisombululo sesibini kwaye ke ngoko ukuba semthethweni kwamazwe ngamazwe; siqinisekile, kuba "siphuhlisa iphakheji yoncedo loluntu eyomeleleyo," ukuba "kukho isiseko esihle sekamva elingcono" kwi-"post-Saddam Iraq." Ngapha koko, ewe, ngalo mzuzu uxela ezi zinto kwinkulumbuso yaseSpain eCrawford, eTexas, isicwangciso sasemva kwemfazwe eWashington sisiphithiphithi, esibandakanya okungaphezulu kokubhideka kunye nemfazwe ekhohlakeleyo phakathi kweSebe lezoKhuselo kunye neLizwe. .
Isicwangciso solawulo "kwi-Iraq yangemva kweSaddam" asikho, zonke iingxoxo zaso zikhubazwe yingxabano ekrakra phakathi kwamagosa ePentagon, iSebe leLizwe, kunye neCIA ukuba uMongameli angaze ayisombulule. "Uluntu lwase-Iraqi" aluxelela ukuba i-Aznar "yomelele ngokomlinganiselo" kungekudala luza kubhangiswa luphango oluthatha ixesha elide kunye nesiphithiphithi esilandela ukungena kwemikhosi yaseMelika eBaghdad. "Ulawulo olulungileyo" aqhayisa ngalo e-Iraq kungekudala luza kutshatyalaliswa ngumthetho we-de-Baathification owayalelwa libamba laseMelika ukuba phantse akazange avume. Umkhosi wase-Iraqi awugqibe ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi uya kugcinwa kwaye usetyenziselwe ukwakha kwakhona uya kuchithwa ngokungenasiphelo, ukuya kwisiphumo esiyintlekele.
Ukuba oku kuphambuka kumandla kwisicwangciso esinyulwe nguMongameli kuye kwathothisa ithemba nokholo lwakhe - okanye ngenene kuye kwamkhokelela ekubeni azame ukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeke ntoni na - akukho bungqina boko. Xa umbhali webhayoloji kaBush wamva nje, uRobert Draper, wambuza ukuba kutheni umkhosi waseIraq ungagcinwanga, njengoko uMongameli egqibe ukuba kufanele kube njalo, uBush waphendula wathi, “Ewe, andikhumbuli. Ndiqinisekile ndathi, 'Yipolisi le, kwenzeke ntoni?'”3
"Lo ngumgaqo-nkqubo, kwenzeke ntoni?" Njengombhalo ongezantsi wembali yemfazwe yase-Iraq, ngokuqinisekileyo umntu unokwenza okubi ngakumbi. Inkulumbuso uAznar umkile ngoku, ephelelwe ngamandla ngenxa yenkxaso yakhe kwimfazwe yaseIraq kunye nokusilela ukufumana inkxaso yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kuyo; phantse unyaka emva kokuba imfazwe iqalile, jihadists ijolise kwisikhululo sikaloliwe saseMadrid, yabulala abantu baseSpain abamalunga namakhulu amabini kwaye yathumela inkulumbuso ukuba yoyiswe kunyulo. UTony Blair, inkwenkwezi ye-Downing Street Memo, uhambile naye, ukuduma kwakhe akuzange kuphinde kubuyele kwinkxaso yakhe engagungqiyo yemfazwe. UGeorge W. Bush, kwelinye icala, malunga neminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba eqalise imfazwe, uhlala ezithembile uloyiso, njengoko wayeqinisekile ukuba uya kusiphumelela eso sigqibo sesibini se-UN. Akukho nto ibonisa ukuba intembelo yakhe ibambelele ngokuqinileyo kwinyaniso ngoku kunokuba kwakunjalo ngelo xesha. Endaweni yenyani sinokholo-kuye, kuthixo, "kumandla angathintekiyo enkululeko yomntu." Ume njengomdlali okhokelayo kwibali lakhe lembali, ibali elikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye likhuphisana ngakumbi, lenziwa uphiliso kuphela ligunya lamandla asemthethweni. UGeorge W. Bush uhlala, sixelelwa, “eseluxolweni nesiqu sakhe.”
Amagama aphantsi:
1. Uthethwano lukaDearlove lwenzeka nge-20 kaJulayi, 2002, eWashington nakwikomkhulu leCIA eLangley, eVirginia, kwaye wanikela ingxelo kwintlanganiso “yekhabhinethi yemfazwe” yaseBritane eTen Downing Street kwiintsuku ezintathu kamva. Jonga uMark Danner, Indlela eyiMfihlo yokuya emfazweni: IMemo yesitalato iDowning kunye neMbali yeMfazwe yase-Iraq (Iincwadi zokuHlola zaseNew York, i-2006), iphepha 6-7 kunye nephepha 88-89.
2. Kwaye kungekhona nje uGeorge Bush. I-mystique yobunkokeli-yokholo phezu kweenyani-yatsala abanye ekuhambeni kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, u-Condoleezza Rice, wenza imbonakalo enomdla kwingxoxo, eqinisekisa uMongameli kunye nenkulumbuso yaseSpain ukuba "unengcamango" yokuba uHans Blix, ingxelo yakhe imele iveki elandelayo, "ngoku iya kuba mbi ngakumbi kunangaphambili iinjongo zamaIraq. Ngapha koko, okwahlukileyo koko: UBlix uya kuxelela iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ukuba “eyona misebenzi iseleyo yokuthotywa kwezixhobo” ayinakuphunyezwa “ngeminyaka, okanye iiveki, kodwa iinyanga.” Nantsi into eyathethwa nguBlix kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngoMatshi 7, 2003:
“Iza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukusombulula eyona misebenzi iseleyo yokuthotywa kwezixhobo? Ngelixa intsebenziswano inokubakho kwaye iza kukhawuleza, ukuthotywa kwezixhobo kwaye nangaliphi na izinga ukuqinisekiswa kwayo akunakubakho ngoko nangoko. Nokuba unesimo sengqondo esisebenzayo sase-Iraqi, esiphenjelelwa luxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwangaphandle, kuyakuthatha ixesha ukuqinisekisa iziza nezinto, ukuhlalutya amaxwebhu, udliwano-ndlebe nabantu abafanelekileyo, kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ayizukuthatha iminyaka, okanye iiveki, kodwa iinyanga. Akukho rhulumente okanye abahloli abafuna ukuhlolwa kokunciphisa izixhobo kuqhubeke ngonaphakade. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ngokungqinelana nezigqibo ezilawulayo, inkqubo yokuhlola nokubeka esweni kufuneka ihlale ikhona emva kokuthotywa kwezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ukunika ukuzithemba nokuhlaba umkhosi, ukuba kubonakala iimpawu zokuvuselelwa kwazo naziphi na iinkqubo ezivaliweyo zezixhobo. ”
Izigqibo zikaBlix azizange zibe "zimbi ngakumbi kunangaphambili malunga neenjongo zama-Iraqis"; ucebisa ukuba ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke iindawo ezirhanelwa kungagqitywa kwisithuba seenyanga. UMongameli Bush, akufuneki ukuthetha, akafuni ukulinda iinyanga, okanye iiveki, ukuze uhlolo olongezelelweyo lugqitywe. Kwakuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba wayenjalo? Kwelinye icala, ukuzimisela kwabalawuli ukulibazisa kusenokuba kufumene isivumelwano apho amazwe ongezelelweyo ebeya kuxhasa “zonke iindlela eziyimfuneko” zokujongana neSaddam. Kwelinye icala, abahloli, banikwe ixesha elingakumbi, ngebengakhange bafumanise zixhobo, mhlawumbi bekhokelela abaphathi ukuba baphikisane ngelithi uhlolo ngokwalo alunamsebenzi-hayi ukuba izixhobo bezingekho. Kodwa amandla emfazwe ngewaba mfiliba.
3. Ngokwe- ENew York Times iakhawunti yolu tshintshiselwano:
"Mr. UBush wavuma ukusilela okukhulu kokuhlaliswa kwangoko kwe-Iraq xa wayethetha ngokuchitha umkhosi wexesha likaSaddam Hussein, 'Umgaqo-nkqubo yayikukugcina umkhosi unjalo; ayizange yenzeke.'
“Kodwa xa uMnumzana Draper wachaza ukuba owayesakuba ngumlawuli kaMnu. Andikhumbuli, ndiqinisekile ukuba ndathi, “Ngumgaqo-nkqubo lo, kwenzeke ntoni?”’ Kodwa, wongezelela, ‘Kwakhona, uHadley unamanqaku azo zonke ezi zinto,’ ebhekisa kuStephen J. Hadley, wakhe umcebisi wezokhuseleko lwelizwe.”
Jonga uJim Rutenberg, "Encwadini, uBush ujonge phambili kwiLifa lakhe," The New York Times, ngoSeptemba 2, 2007, noRobert Draper, Abafi abathile: UMongameli kaGeorge W. Bush (I-Free Press, 2007), iphe. 211.
UMark Danner, obhale malunga nemicimbi yangaphandle kunye nezopolitiko iminyaka engamashumi amabini, umbhali we Indlela efihlakeleyo eya emfazweni, Intuthumbo neNyaniso, yaye Indyikitya yokufa e-El Mozote, phakathi kwezinye iincwadi. UnguNjingalwazi woBuntatheli kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley kunye noJames Clarke Chace uNjingalwazi weMicimbi yezaNgaphandle, ezoPolitiko, kunye noBuntu kwiKholeji yaseBard. Ukubhala kwakhe kwi-Iraq kunye nezinye izifundo kubonakala rhoqo kwi Ukuhlaziywa kweeNcwadi eNew York. Umsebenzi wakhe ugcinwe kwi MarkDanner.com.
[Eli nqaku livela kwinkupho kaNovemba 8, 2007 ka Uphononongo lweencwadi lwaseNew York. Ifakwe kwi-intanethi I-Tomdispatch.com, iblogi yeSizwe yeZiko, ebonelela ngokuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, iindaba, kunye noluvo oluvela kuTom Engelhardt, umhleli wexesha elide ekupapasheni, umseki we iProjekthi yobuKumkani baseMelika kunye nomlobi Ukuphela kweNkcubeko yokuNqoba (University of Massachusetts Press), esandul' uhlaziywa ngokucokisekileyo kuhlelo olutsha olujongene nenkcubeko yoloyiso yokuwa nokutshisa okulandelelanayo e-Iraq.]
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela