Umthombo: iidola kunye neSense
Iinzame zamva nje zokuchasa ingqiqo luphononongo olwenziwa ngoosoqoqosho baseYale ekucingelwa ukuba bafumanisa ukuba ukongezwa komanyano lweedola ezingama-600 kwiinzuzo zokungaphangeli akuchaphazeli inkuthazo yokusebenza. Kodwa uphononongo lunikeza ubungqina obulinganiselweyo kwesi sigqibo, esichaswa ngezinye iinkcukacha kunye nobungqina behlabathi langempela.
โIbhodi yoHlelo, โIingcali zezoqoqosho xa zithelekiswa nengqiqo eqhelekileyo: Ukuba uhlawula abantu abangasebenziyo, bambalwa abaya kusebenza. Ngaphandle kwaseYale, kubonakala ngathi, โiWall Street Journal, ngo-Agasti 2, 2020.
Ikhabhathi yaseRiphabhlikhi kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu yase-US ithembise ukuba soze iphinde ihlaziye ibhonasi yeveki engama-600 yokungaphangeli ebonelele abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-25 njengoko bebenyamezele ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kwintlekele ye-Covid-19. Ngokwamazwi kaSenator waseRiphabhlikhi uLindsey Graham, ekuphela kwendlela ukongezwa kwesibonelelo seedola ezingama-600 esinokuthi siphumele kwiSenethi โkumzimba wam oswelekileyo.โ Indlu yaBameli idlulisele ukwandiswa kwenzuzo ye-600 yeedola ngoMeyi (njengenxalenye yezeMpilo kunye ne-Economic Recovery Omnibus Solutions, okanye i-HEROES, Act).
Ukuchaswa kweRiphabhlikhi kwi-600 yeedola ngeveki kwizibonelelo eziphuculweyo zokungaphangeli kuphenjelelwa kukungafuni kwabo ukunciphisa ifuthe elibi lokhetho olungeyonyani phakathi kokusebenza nokungasebenzi xa kungekho msebenzi uza kwenziwa, kwaye womelezwa yinto ekuthiwa "yingqiqo" esasazwa ngumbutho. Wall Street Journal abahleli, phakathi kwabanye.
Konke oku kutyebileyo, ngakumbi kuvela kuGraham, uSenator oye wavota ukuba anyuse umvuzo wakhe kathathu (kwaye ngoku ufumana umvuzo wonyaka we-174,000 yeedola) kunye nabahleli bencwadi. Wall Street Journal, abakude nehlabathi lemihla ngemihla leSitalato esiPhambili. โIbali lexesha lokulalaโ labahleliโโukusebenzisa ibinzana lalowo wayesakuba nguMcebisi oMkhulu kwiSebe lezeMali u-Ernie Tedeschiโayinangqiqo kuqoqosho olugutyungelwe kokona kudodobala koqoqosho kubi ukususela kuDado oluKhulu ngeminyaka yee-1930s. Kwaye ilahleko yezibonelelo ezifuneka kakhulu yongeza kuphela kubusuku bokungalali kwabo babandezeleka kakhulu.
Ubungqina obuninzi buxhasa ibali elahlukileyo lokulala-elifuna imigaqo-nkqubo yokungaphangeli.
Yintoni eyenziwa ngamaphupha amabi aseRiphabhlikhi
Yinyani. Uninzi lwabasebenzi abangaphangeliyo abafumana i-600 yeedola eyongezelelweyo ngeveki ngoMthetho woNcedo lweCoronavirus, uNcedo, kunye noKhuseleko lwezoQoqosho (CARES) Act, owapasiswa yiCongress ngoMatshi ka-2020, bafumana imali eninzi kunaleyo bebeyifumene ngelixa besebenza. UPeter Ganong kunye nezinye iingcali zezoqoqosho zeYunivesithi yaseChicago zifumanise ukuba yayiyimeko malunga nekota yesithathu (76%) yabasebenzi abafumana iintlawulo zeveki ezingama-600 zeerandi kunye nembuyekezo epheleleyo yentswela-ngqesho ukusuka ku-Epreli ukuya kuJulayi. Kodwa uMarokey Sawo noMichelle Evermore weNational Employment Law Project babale ukuba kuma-40% nje kuphela abasebenzi abangaphangeliyo izibonelelo zabo zikhulu kunembuyekezo yabo yangaphambili iyonke (isimbuku semivuzo kunye nezibonelelo zabo). Injongo yenkqubo yeFederal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation (FPUC) yayikukubonelela ngezibonelelo zokungaphangeli eziza kuthatha indawo ngokupheleleyo yemivuzo elahlekileyo yabasebenzi abangaphangeliyo. Imbuyekezo karhulumente yentswela-ngqesho ikholisa ukuthatha indawo emalunga nama-40% ukuya kuma-45% emivuzo yangaphambili yabasebenzi abangaphangeliyo, nangona izibonelelo zihluka ngokwelizwe ukuya kwelinye. Ngee-arhente zengqesho zikarhulumente zingekafiki kumsebenzi wokumisela nokusasaza izibonelelo eziya kuhambelana nomvuzo olahlekileyo wabasebenzi abangaphangeliyo, iCongress yazinza ngokongeza inzuzo esisigxina ye-600 yeedola ngeveki. Intlawulo yebhonasi yeveki ezingama-600 yeedola (kunye nezibonelelo zeinshorensi yokungaphangeli rhoqo) iza kuthatha indawo yomvuzo weveki ophakathi wabasebenzi base-US, omalunga ne-$1,000. Kodwa intlawulo yeedola ezingama-600 ngeveki iphinde yatyhala izibonelelo zizonke zabasebenzi abanomvuzo ophantsi ngaphezulu kwemivuzo yabo yangaphambili (okanye batshintshe ngaphezu kwe-100% yemivuzo yabo).
Izibonelelo zeFPUC bezibalulekile kubomi boluhlu lwabasebenzi. Ngelixa ubuninzi bebhonasi ye-$600 iye kubasebenzi abangaphangeliyo abafumana izibonelelo zikarhulumente zokungaphangeli, abasebenzi abathe bazigqiba izibonelelo zabo zokungaphangeli karhulumente bafumana iintlawulo zeFPUC. Ngoko, ngokunjalo, abanini bamashishini kunye nabaziqeshileyo, abafumana uncedo olongezelelweyo kwezinye iinkqubo zeCARES Act. Kodwa iintlawulo ze-FPUC zeveki ezingama-600 zeedola ziye zayekwa ekupheleni kukaJulayi kwaye azikahlaziywa.
Ukungavisisani nobungqina
Uphononongo olwenziwe ngoosoqoqosho baseYale olutsalele umdla kwi Wall Street Journal abahleli bathembeke ngakumbi kunokuba bacebisa. Isigqibo seengcali zezoqoqosho sokuba iinzuzo ezongeziweyo zokungaphangeli azikhokelele ekubeni babe mbalwa abantu abafuna umsebenzi โazichaswanga zezinye iinkcukachaโ njengoko abahleli besitsho. Izifundo ezininzi, zisebenzisa iiseti zedatha ezahlukeneyo, ziqinisekisile ukuba izibonelelo eziphuculweyo zokungaphangeli, kwanazo zithe zagqitha kumvuzo wangaphambili wommkeli, azikhokelele ekwehleni kwenani labantu abafuna umsebenzi, okanye ukwanda kwenani labantu abangaphangeliyo. . (uSekela Sihlalo weKomiti yezoQoqosho edibeneyo yeCongressional (JEC), uMmeli uDon Beyer waseVirginia, uye washwankathela ezihlanu kwezi zifundo, kubandakanywa neSifundo seYale, kwiwebhusayithi yeJEC, jec.senate.gov; bona ibar esecaleni.)
Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa kwezi zifundo, siqale ngeSifundo saseYale. Iingcali zezoqoqosho uDana Scott noJoseph Atlonji kunye noogxa babo abaninzi bavavanya idatha yeveki evela kwaHomebase, inkqubo yokucwangcisa kunye nexesha elisetyenziswa ziivenkile zokutyela, imivalo, iivenkile ezithengisayo, kunye namanye amashishini ecandelo lenkonzo. Baqukumbela ngelithi โukwanda kwe-UI [I-Inshurensi yokungaPhangami] akuzange kunyuse abasebenzi emsebenzini kwasekuqaleni kobhubhane okanye kubatyhafise abasebenzi ukuba babuyele emisebenzini yabo ekuhambeni kwexesha.โ I Wall Street Journal abahleli balufunde gwenxa uphononongo lwaseYale, kuba ababhali abazange babanga ukuba iziphumo zabo zibambe kuzo zonke iimeko zoqoqosho. Ababhali baseYale bagxininisa ukuba, "iziphumo zethu azithethi ngeziphumo zokungaqeshwa kwesisa se-UI ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo, ongumxholo woncwadi oluninzi."
Kolunye uphononongo, u-Ernie Tedeschi, ngoku uMlawuli oLawulayo kunye noQoqosho loMgaqo-nkqubo e-Evercore ISI, inkampani yokubonisana ngemali, ivavanye idatha yoPhando lwaBantu lwangoku (engumthombo ophambili weenkcukacha-manani zabasebenzi) ngobungqina bokuba iziphumo zomlinganiselo weenzuzo zokungaqeshwa Imivuzo yangaphambili yayichaphazela amathuba okuba abasebenzi bawushiye umsebenzi okanye bamkele omnye omtsha. Akafumananga bungqina bunjalo. Njengababhali beSifundo seYale, uTedeschi wenza kucace ukuba iziphumo zakhe zijolise kuqoqosho lobhubhane. Ubhala athi: โUkuba uqoqosho belusebenza ngokupheleleyo, ukuba bekungekho bhubhani, kwaye ukuba iFPUC ibisisigxina kunokuba ibe yinxalenye yokwexeshana yenkqubo ye-UI, bendinokulindela umphumo.โ
Ekugqibeleni, u-Ioana Marinescu, i-economist kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania, kunye nababhali-bambisene naye, bahlolisise idatha malunga noluhlu lwemisebenzi kunye nezicelo ezivela kwi-platform ye-intanethi ye-Glassdoor ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJuni 2020. Bafumanisa ukuba, emva kokuba ibhonasi yokungasebenzi yaqala ngo-Matshi, umsebenzi. izicelo ziye zahlala โzizinzile,โ ukuvuleka kwemisebenzi kuqhubekile ukuhla, kwaye umlinganiselo wezicelo kwisithuba ngasinye uye wenyuka. Baqukumbele ngelithi, โAbaqeshi abaxhomekeke kwizicelo ze-intanethi abafumani ubunzima obuninzi bokufumana abafaki-zicelo bemisebenzi yabo emva koMthetho we-CARES, owawuyinkxalabo ephambili ngokwandisa izibonelelo nge-600 yeedola ngeveki.โ
Ibali Elilelinye Lexesha Lokulala
Ibali lethu elingelinye ixesha lokulala liqala ngolu hlobo: Nokuba bafuna nzima kangakanani na, abasebenzi abangaphangeliyo abafumani misebenzi ingekhoyo. Oyena nobangela mkhulu wentswela-ngqesho kule mihla kukunqongophala kwemisebenzi, kungekhona abasebenzi abaye bayeka ukufuna umsebenzi baze bashiye imisebenzi bengaqeshwanga. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, bekukho izigidi ezili-11.1 zemisebenzi embalwa kuqoqosho lwase-US kunokuba bekunjalo ngaphambi kobhubhane ngoJanuwari ka-2020.
Ukuhlaziya iinzuzo ezongezelelweyo ze-FPUC zokungaphangeli kuya konyusa inkcitho nokudala imisebenzi. Ingcali yezoQoqosho uMark Zandi ovela kwi-Moody's Analytics uqikelela ukuba i-$1 yeenzuzo ezihlaziyiweyo zokungaphangeli ziyakonyusa imveliso yezoqoqosho nge-$1.64โisiphumo esiphindaphindayo okanye i-bang yebhaka engaphaya kwezona ndlela zininzi zenkcitho karhulumente. Iingcali zezoqoqosho zaseHarvard uMarco Di Maggio kunye no-Amir Kerman babala isiphumo esikhulu ngakumbi, ukunyuka kwe-$ 1.90 kwimveliso yedola nganye yeenzuzo ezongezelelweyo zokungaqeshwa. Ukwandisa i-$600 ngeveki inzuzo eyongeziweyo eyongeziweyo bekuya kukhusela i-1.7 ukuya kwi-2.8 yezigidi zemisebenzi kwaye kuthobe izinga lentswelo-ngqesho phakathi kwe-1.1 kunye ne-1.8 yepesenti yamanqaku, ngokoqikelelo olungelulo olusuka kwi-JEC. Abasebenzi baya kuqhubeka nokubuyela emsebenzini nokuba izibonelelo zabo zokungaphangeli kunye ne-600 yeedola ze-FPUC ezongezelelweyo zeveki zingaphezulu kwemivuzo yabo yangaphambili. UTedeschi ufumanise ukuba i-70% yabafumana i-inshurensi abangaphangeliyo ababuyele emsebenzini ngoJuni bebefumana izibonelelo zokungaphangeli ebezingaphezulu kwemivuzo yabo yangaphambili.
Iyavakala, ingqiqo: Umsebenzi, nakuqoqosho lwanamhlanje, ukhuseleke ngakumbi kunezibonelelo eziphuculweyo zokungaqeshwa, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha uya kuhlawula ngaphezulu kwezibonelelo zeinshorensi yokungaqeshwa. Izibonelelo zikarhulumente zokungaphangeli ziphelelwa ngaphantsi konyaka, kwaye kumazwe amaninzi ziphelelwa kwiiveki ezingama-39. Ibali lethu lokulala, ngokungafaniyo ne Wall Street Journal "ingqiqo" yabahleli, iyangqinelana nobungqina obukhoyo. Kwaye ixhasa izibonelelo zeinshurensi yokungaphangeli ngesisa eziya kuba negalelo ekuvuseleleni uqoqosho ngakumbi kwaye eneneni incede abantu balale kamnandi.
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