Umthombo: Imagazini ephikisayo
Kukho kude kwimvumelwano kwi-feminist esele malunga nendlela yokuphendula, kodwa abaninzi abafazi baye baphendukela kwisakhelo sobulungisa bokuzala zombini ukuchaza ukusilela kwentshukumo yamalungelo okuzala kunye nokucebisa ukulungiswa. Ukujongana nentshukumo enamandla yephiko lasekunene esebenzisa ukukhupha isisu njengomba we-wedge, isakhelo sobulungisa bokuzala sidlula nje ukugxila kumalungelo okukhipha isisu ukubandakanya imiba yobulungisa bentlalo efana nentlupheko, ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, kunye nokuvalelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ekhohlo lifuna ukuphumelela-oko kuthetha ukuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuqinisekiswa kwelungelo lokukhupha isisu-kufuneka lifumane isicwangciso sezopolitiko esinokwenza ukuba i-ajenda yobulungisa yokuzala ibe yinto ephilayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ekhohlo kufuneka alwe ngokuchasene nelungelo lokukhupha isisu kwaye, ngexesha elifanayo, ukwandisa umzabalazo ngaphaya kwamalungelo okukhipha isisu ngokukhuthaza ilungelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kunye nokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo ukukhipha isisu kwinkqubo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo eqhelekileyo.
Ngokuthe ngqo, isakhelo sobulungisa kwinzala sihlawulisa ukuba intetho โyokukhethaโ icuthe umda wengxoxo malunga nempilo yokuzala. Ukuqulunqwa kwesikhundla "sokukhetha" njengoko kusekwe kwilungelo lokuba neemfihlo kuyalutyeshela uluntu, imeko yentlalo apho abantu banabo okanye bathatha isigqibo sokungabi nabantwana-ukusuka kucalucalulo, inkqubo yezempilo yabucala ebizayo ngokwayo ukuya ku ukuxhatshazwa korhulumente ngokuvala inzala kwabasetyhini abahluphekayo kumandla okwakhiwa kwentlupheko kunye nobuhlanga. Ubulungisa bokuzala, ngokuchaseneyo, budibanisa ukukhupha isisu kwingqiqo ebanzi, echasene nobuhlanga, eqinisekisa isini ngenkululeko yokuzala eqonda ukuba abantu abanokukhulelwa banelungelo lokuba nabantwana kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nenempilo njengoko benelungelo. ukungabi nabantwana.
Ngokwembono yobulungisa benzala, isakhelo se-pro-choice sikwanombono omfutshane wezopolitiko. Inika ilungelo ithuba lokusebenzisa ingqiqo yokhetho ukujongela phantsi ukufikeleleka kweenkonzo zokuqhomfa kunye nokuthintela ukwanda kweenkqubo zikarhulumente jikelele. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-1976 i-Hyde Amendment, ilungelo livale inkxaso-mali karhulumente yokukhupha isisu ngeenkonzo zoluntu ezifana ne-Medicaid kunye ne-Indian Health Service. Ukuqiqa kwakusithi, ukuba abantu abakhulelweyo banokukhetha ukuqhomfa, ngoko abantu abangavumelaniyo nolo khetho bafanele bakwazi ukukhetha ukungafaki galelo kulo kwiirhafu: ukhetho lwabantu bonke. Ngengqiqo efanayo, ilungelo lisebenzise ukuqhomfa ukuphelisa iinzame zokuyila i-inshorensi yoluntu eyomeleleyo, okokuqala ngo-1990 kwaye kwakhona ngo-2010.
Uninzi lwama-socialists luthetha ukuba ubufazi obukhululekileyo bemibutho emikhulu, engenzi nzuzo kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente (NGOs) elawula iipolitiki zokuzala ayihambi ngokwaneleyo. Banyanisile. Kodwa ingxaki ayiyombono kuphela, kodwa isekwakhiweni. Uninzi lokhathalelo lwempilo eUnited States lubonelelwa ngeenkampani zeinshurensi zabucala, izibhedlele zezenkolo ezingenzi nzuzo, kunye nezibhedlele ezenza inzuzo. Ukuqhomfa akuzange kufakwe ngokupheleleyo kule nkqubo emva kokuba isemthethweni ngowe-1973. Ngaphezu koko, amaziko amaninzi abucala nawonqulo awaqhomfa; ngaphezu kwama-90 epesenti yokuqhomfa kwenzeka kwiikliniki ezisebenza simahla. Kwaye ezi klinikhi, uthungelwano lwabo lwenkxaso-mali, kunye nenkxaso yabo yezomthetho idla ngokuqhutywa zii-non-profits ezifumana inkxaso-mali yeSihlokwana X. Ngamafutshane, ii-non-profits kunye nee-NGOs ziye zathatha indima yokubonelela ngeenkonzo zoluntu ngokuthe ngqo ezingabonelelwanga yinkqubo yokhathalelo lwezempilo okanye urhulumente.
Ii-NGOs ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo njengokuqhomfa zikwindawo esisichengeni kwinkqubo yezempilo; ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wawo wezobupolitika uthintelwe kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba injongo yabo kukugcina inkxaso-mali enyiniweyo evela kwicandelo likarhulumente phakathi kwelizwe ngalinye nakubaxhasi bamashishini abucala, umsebenzi wabo wezopolitiko kufuneka ube nencasa kwabezopolitiko nakwabathanda abantu. Ukugcina inqanaba elizinzileyo lenkxaso ye-congressional ekuhambeni kwexesha, i-advocacy yabo kufuneka ithandeke ngokwengcamango kwizinto ezigcinayo zeDemocratic Party ngokukodwa, kwaye, ukuba banethamsanqa, awona maRiphabhlikhi aphakathi. Okuvelayo sisicwangciso esigxile, ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into, ekuqinisekiseni inkxaso yezopolitiko yamaqela.
Ikwayindlela enzima yokusebenza kunye neendleko zemali ngenxa yokuhlaselwa rhoqo ngasekunene. Ukuba nokwenzeka kokuvuselela ilungelo elinamandla lokuchasa ukuqhomfa kwenza ukuba abezopolitiko bafikelele ekulalaniseni, ukanti ukukhetha abezopolitiko abanovelwano ukugcina inkxaso-mali kubalulekile. Ii-NGOs ke ngoko kufuneka zicuthe umda weengxoxo zazo ekukhuseleni ukuqhomfa kwaye umsebenzi wabo wezopolitiko. Kodwa oku kuphazamisana namatsha ntliziyo amaninzi emhlabeni asebenza ngezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo-kunye nombono obanzi wokuba kuthetha ukuthini ubulungisa bokuzala.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ngokuba ngumzali ocwangcisiweyo. Ekuqaleni, imibutho efana nePlanned Parenthood ibonakala ikhokela intshukumo yamalungelo okuqhomfa. Nangona kunjalo, ukongamela kwabo kwezopolitiko zokuzala kufihla ubudlelwane bokwenyani phakathi kokufikelela kokuqhomfa kunye nobulungisa bokuzala. Ikwacutha iingxoxo malunga nokuba kuya kuthatha ntoni na ukuze kuzuze ubulungisa obupheleleyo bokuzala.
Ubuzali obucwangcisiweyo buyanda kugxininiswe ukhathalelo lokuqhomfa abalunikezayo nangona le nkathalo yeso sizathu sokuba basengozini yokuhlaselwa ngamaphiko asekunene kwasekuqaleni. Bahlala behleli ukujongela phantsi umyinge weenkonzo zokuqhomfa abazinikezelayo xa zithelekiswa nezinye iinkonzo ekuphenduleni kumanani-manani aphakamileyo asekunene. Endaweni yoko bagxininisa ezinye iinkonzo ezifana ne-pap smears, uqingqo-nzala, kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-STD ukuze bazikhusele kwimbono yoluntu yokuba nje iklinikhi yokuqhomfa. Iinzame zePlaned Parenthood zokuphelisa ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo eziya zisiba yingozi zithumela umyalezo ophikisanayo kubaxhasi bayo bezopolitiko. Ubuzali obucwangcisiweyo bu le umkhuseli wamalungelo okuqhomfa, kodwa kaninzi kuyashenxa ekunikezeni ukhuselo olungenaluxolelo lwaloo malungelo.
Umceli mngeni owongezelelekileyo lilungelo lokuzama ukubanga ipolitiki yobufazi njengeyabo, ingakumbi xa kungekho ukhuselo olunamandla, lobufazi lokuqhomfa. Ilungelo liye lasebenzisa ithuba lobuthathaka bekhohlo bokuqhomfa ukuze lithethe ulwimi lobulungisa benzala, liqulunqa ingcamango โyokuxhasa ubomi bobufazi.โ Ilungelo elichasayo lokuqhomfa lizikhwebule kwinkohlakalo ecacileyo, echasene nowasetyhini yamandulo kwaye endaweni yoko laya kwintanda-bulumko yabasetyhini โyokhathaleloโ lokuqhomfa โabasindileyoโ kunye โnabantwana babo abangekazalwa,โ igxininisa ukuqhomfa ngokweemvakalelo kuthabatha kwaye iimeko ezingekho sikweni apho amabhinqa anyanzelwa ukuba aqhomfe. Ilungelo likwabambe ingcamango yokuba ama-feminist leftists angobuhlanga bokwenyani abafuna ukubulala abantwana abaMnyama esibelekweni, apha cooping iinkxalabo Black feminists malunga nokuxhatshazwa inzala.
Kukujija okukhohlakeleyo kwekamva ukuba ilungelo lingabanga lo mmandla. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kutheni. I-rhetorical and strategic conservatism yee-NGOs ezikhokelayo zamalungelo okuzala zibathintele ekuceleni umngeni ngokwaneleyo kuhlaselo oluphindaphindeneyo lwelungelo lokuba semthethweni kokuqhomfa. Kwabaninzi eUnited States, akusacacanga ukuba kutheni ukuqhomfa kulilungelo elisisiseko kunye nendlela enxibelelene ngayo namanye amava engcinezelo yesini, njengokunyanzela abasetyhini ukuba bathathe izinto zokuthintela ukukhulelwa ezithatha ixesha elide okanye bangene kwiinkqubo zokuvala inzala ngenxa yokungabi nazikhetho, okanye ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo.
Ilungelo libona ukukhupha isisu njengomcimbi wedge. Basebenzise izithintelo zokukhupha isisu ukwahlula abantu abafuna ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo yokuzala ngokwesini, iklasi, kunye nobuhlanga. Baye bajolisa ngempumelelo abasetyhini abahluphekayo ngokumisela imiqathango kwinkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke yokuqhomfa kwaye balwa ngokuchasene nokwandiswa kwe-inshurensi yoluntu kuye wonke umntu. Abaxhasi bobuhlanga bolawulo lwabemi bazifumana bekwimeko eyonwabileyo yokuba bomeleze ukuba sesichengeni kwabasetyhini abahluphekayo ekubekweni kweliso kweli lizwe. Ukuba abantu abahluphekayo kwiminyaka yokuzala baxhomekeke ekufikeleleni kwi-inshorensi yoluntu kuthetha ukuba ukhathalelo lwabo lwezempilo luvalelwa kude kuyo yonke inkqubo yezempilo. Le meko ilungele ukulawulwa kunye nokuxhatshazwa. Ubungqina babasetyhini abahluphekileyo abaye baxhatshazwa banqabile ukuba bakholelwe ngenxa yokuba ukuxhomekeka kwabo okungaqhelekanga kurhulumente kubonakala ngenxa yokungazi okanye ukungakwazi kwabo; soze babe ngamangqina athembekileyo kuba ukusebenzisa kwabo i-inshorensi kawonke-wonke kuyabenzakalisa ukuthembeka kwabo kwasekuqaleni. Imithetho efanayo esebenza kwicandelo labucala ayisebenzi kubo.
Ekhohlo, ngokuchaseneyo khange isebenzise ukuqhomfa ukucinezela iimfuno ezingaphezulu. Kufanele, kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi ekhohlo ezinokusebenzisa ukuqhomfa ukujongela phantsi iimeko zesakhiwo sokungabikho kokusesikweni kokuzala. I-Medicare for All bill eqinisekisa ukukhupha isisu njengelungelo kwaye ibhukuqa izithintelo kwinkxaso-mali yokuqhomfa ye-federal iya kuhamba indlela ende ekunciphiseni iiyantlukwano zeklasi ekufikeleleni ekukhupheni izisu, ukhathalelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka, kunye nezinye iindlela zenkxaso yokukhulelwa. I-Medicare for All ikwalithuba lokudibanisa umthetho oyilwayo wamalungelo wokhathalelo lwempilo yokuzala kuba inika wonke umntu inxaxheba kumalungelo abanawo njengezigulana. Iyawanciphisa amandla karhulumente ukuba angenelele kwizigqibo zokuzala zabasetyhini abahluphekayo.
Ukudibanisa ukhathalelo lokuqhomfa kwizibhedlele kunye neenkonzo ze-Ob-Gyn eziqhelekileyo nako kungaphucula umgangatho wokhathalelo lwempilo yokuzala. Ukuba abantu banokufuna ukhathalelo lokukhupha isisu kwi-Ob-Gyn yabo eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke izigulane zinokufumana ukhathalelo kumntu owazi imbali yabo yezonyango kwaye ngubani onokubanika uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo kunye nokhetho. Ukhathalelo lwempilo yokuzala luya kuhlengahlengiswa, kwaye ilungelo liya kuhluthwa enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zedabi, i-vortex yomfuziselo kunye nendawo yokuhlangana yentshukumo echasene nokuqhomfa: iikliniki. Iikliniki ezizimeleyo zisesichengeni ngokwezopolitiko nangokomzimba kuhlaselo, zibeka abafazi abasebenzisa iinkonzo zabo phambili kumlo wesizwe wamalungelo okuqhomfa. Le meko inobundlobongela obungaqhelekanga. Namhlanje, inxenye yesiqhelo yento ethethwayo ukuya kugqirha kwikliniki ukusuka kwisiXeko saseNew York ukuya eMissouri kuthetha ukujongana nobundlobongela obusezantsi ngendlela yokuxhatshazwa, ukoyikiswa ngokwasemzimbeni, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwekliniki. Ubulungisa benzala abunakwenzeka kwihlabathi apho olu gonyamelo luqhubeka.
Umceli mngeni kukwenza ukuqhomfa kube ngumba ongundoqo ngokulwela ukufikelela kokuqhomfa njengenxalenye yentshukumo ebanzi yohlaziyo lokhathalelo lwempilo yokuzala. Ikhohlo alikwazi ukuya komnye umbono wobulungisa bokuzala kwaye uphephe ukujongana nelungelo lokukhupha isisu ngaxeshanye. Kwaye icandelo elingenzi nzuzo alikho kumsebenzi wokukhokela. Okufunekayo ukongeza yimibutho yezopolitiko ezimeleyo kunye nedemokhrasi eyakha inkxaso kwimigaqo-nkqubo yehlabathi jikelele, kungekhona ngokuphepha ukukhupha isisu, kodwa ngokuqinisa abafazi ukuba basebenzise amaqhinga okudala kunye nokunyusa ukukhusela amalungelo abo.
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Nikela