umthombo: Ikomkhulu & engundoqo
Kubonakala ngathi kunomngcipheko omncinci xa ujonga umva, kodwa ukusukela oko yasungulwa kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo, iPhulo labantu abahluphekayo liqhuba isicwangciso salo sezopolitiko kwi-hunch ebambekayo: oko kukuthi, ukonyusa umthamo wabavoti abahluphekayo nabafumana imivuzo ephantsi kuya kwenza unyulo lwedemokhrasi ngakumbi kwaye. umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu olinganayo. Ukubeka kuvavanyo intuition yabo, iqela lesizwe labameli, eliqokelele abantu abazizigidi ezi-3 kwiMoral March eWashington ngoJuni, bagunyazise uphononongo lokufunda ukuba baqikelele na, umlawuli womgaqo-nkqubo wePhulo labantu abahluphekayo uShailly Gupta Barnes ubiza ngakumbi โ inkolelo ekhuthazayo,โ wayekwibala lebhola.
Oko bakufundayo kwabenza bavuya kuba belandele ithuku labo lezobupolitika. Ngokutsho kukaMfundisi uGqr. Liz Theoharis, umalathisi wePhulo Labantu Abahluphekayo, iinkcukacha zingqina oko kudala bekuqonda abaququzeleliโโabantu abahlwempuzekileyo nabafumana imivuzo ephantsi banokuba ngabavoti abatsha abatshintshayo.โ Ngokukodwa eMzantsi, apho sele benzile umahluko kwimidyarho ekhuphisanayo yee-gubernatorial eKentucky naseNorth Carolina, abangabagqaliyo nabajongene nengcinezelo egqithisileyo yabavoti.
Njengoko iindibano zesizwe zamaqela amabini amakhulu ezopolitiko e-US zisondela, iiDemocrats ngo-Agasti 17-20, zilandelwa ngamaRiphabhlikhi ngo-Agasti 24-27, iPhulo labantu abahluphekileyo likhuphe iphepha elimhlophe elibhalwe nguRobert Paul Hartley, ingcali yezoqoqosho kunye Iziko leNtlupheko kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo weNtlalo kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia. Isihloko esithi Ukukhulula Amandla aBantu abaMntu abaMntu abaMntu abaMntu abaMntu abaMntu baseMelika kunye nabaMvuzo oMphantsi: Ukutshintsha iMeko yezoPolitiko, uhlalutyo lwephepha le-22 lunciphisa amanani avela kwi-MIT Election Data and Science Lab's 2017 ingxelo ngonyulo lukamongameli kunye ne-US Senate kunye noPhando lwaBantu lwangoku oluvela kwi-US Census Bureau. kunye ne-US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zabavoti bebonke e-Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee naseWest Virginia ngabavoti abafumana umvuzo ophantsi.
UHartley ulinganise inani labantu abafanelekileyo abafumana umvuzo ophantsi abangavoti kwilizwe ngalinye ngokunxulumene nabavoti belizwe bebonke - malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu e-Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee naseWest Virginia - kwaye uye wanxulumanisa ezo pesenti kwimida. loloyiso ukubonisa iimpembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho kunyulo. Emva koko wabala ukuba yeyiphi ipesenti yabavoti abatsha abafumana umvuzo ophantsi abanokuthi bavote ngendlela efanayo ukuze baguqule umanyano lwamaqela kumazwe ali-15 apho imida yoloyiso mincinane ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingachaphazeleka. Iinkokeli zePhulo laBantu abaHluphekileyo zithi amathuba asandul' ukutyhilwa aqinisekisa inkangeleko entsha evela kwii-apparatchiks zeqela elicwangcisiweyo apho kufanele kusetyenziswe izixhobo zephulo.
"Emazantsi, ukuba uthatha nje i-13 eyayisakuba yi-Confederate states, oko kungaphezulu kweevoti ze-168," utshilo uMfundisi uGqr. inkomfa noonondaba ebhengeza le ngxelo. Kwaye ukuba utshintsha amazwe amathathu okanye amane eMzantsi, ke ngokusisiseko utshintsha isibalo sezopolitiko.
Ezinye zezinto ezifunyanisiweyo zisekelwe kwimibuzo eqikelelwayo, umz., ukuba abavoti abamkela imivuzo ephantsi bathathe inxaxheba ngomlinganiselo ofanayo nabavoti abamkela imivuzo ephezulu, zeziphi iziphumo ezinokulindelwa? Enye impendulo enokubakho yeyokuba ukulungelelaniswa kwakhona kokumelwa phakathi kwabavoti abakwimivuzo ephezulu nabaphantsi kunokuthatha ngaphezulu komjikelo wonyulo olunye. Kodwa ezinye izinto ezifunyanisiweyo ziphawula into enokuba sisiqalo sokutshintsha koluvo olwamkelwa ngokubanzi lokuba abantu abahluphekayo abavoti. Ukwanda kwempendulo phakathi kwabavoti abahluphekayo nabafumana imivuzo ephantsi njengoko kulinganiswa kuMfanekiso wokuQala ongezantsi, onxibelelana nokuba mandundu kweemeko zabo zoqoqosho, ubonisa ukudibana okuhlaziyiweyo nenkqubo yonyulo.
"Ngokuhamba kwexesha, idatha ibonisa ukuba abavoti abafanelekileyo abahlala ngaphantsi komgca wentlupheko kabini baphendule utshintsho kuqoqosho kunye nabaviwa kunye nemiba," kusho uBarber.
"Kwi-2018 phakathi kwexesha, ukunyuka kweminyaka emine kwipesenti yokuvota, malunga neepesenti ezili-10, kwakufana ngokufanayo kubavoti abaphezulu nabancinci," wachaza. Etolika idatha, uthi, โKukho ithuba lokuhlanganisa. Bayasabela kwaye bayahamba kunye omnye nomnye. "
Abagqatswa bathathela ingqalelo kwaye bayanyuka ukumisa imiba yabantu abahluphekayo kunyulo lwabo. UTheoharis uthi iPhulo labantu abaHlubi liza kuxhasa iiholo zeedolophu ezizayo ezibotshelelwe kwiintlanga ezisibhozo zeSenate yase-US, iinkcukacha ziza kubhengezwa kungekudala.
โINdlu yeeNgwevu iyadlala,โ uqinisekisa uMfundisi Barber. "Kwaye abantu abahluphekayo banamandla okwenza umdlalo."
Ubhekisa kubantu abazizigidi ezingama-34 abahluphekayo nabarhola imali ephantsi e-US abathi, nangona bebefanelekile, abazange bavote kunyulo luka-2016 kodwa abathi, ukuba bafakwe igalvan, banokujika amaza amaninzi ngoNovemba. U-Hartley ubonisa ukuba kwamanye amazwe nokuba liqhezu nje lale ndawo yokuvota engasetyenziswanga esebenzayo, imida yoloyiso kunyulo lwangaphambili igqithile ngokulula. UHartley uyacacisa: โEMichigan, ukuba kuphela ipesenti enye yabantu abangavotiyo abafumana umvuzo ophantsi baye kuvoto baze bavote, bebeya kufikelela kumlinganiselo wamva nje woloyiso.โ
"EMichigan, ukuba ipesenti enye kuphela yabantu abangavotiyo abafumana umvuzo ophantsi baye kuvoto kwaye bavote, banokulingana nowona mda woloyiso."
URobert Paul Hartley, ingcali yezoqoqosho, kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia
Kumazwe asixhenxe ukuba i-United States yokungalingani ichonge njengamabala edabi angama-2020, iipesenti zabavoti abafanelekileyo abafumana umvuzo ophantsi xa kuthelekiswa nabavoti bebonke ngo-2016 zikhulu: iipesenti ezili-17 e-Arizona, iipesenti ezili-11 eFlorida, iipesenti ezili-13 eMichigan naseMantla. ICarolina, i-14 ekhulwini eOhio, i-12 ekhulwini ePennsylvania, kunye ne-11 ekhulwini eWisconsin. Xa kuthelekiswa nemida yoloyiso kwimidyarho kwisiqingatha sonyaka ka-2018, inguqu yokwenyani yezopolitiko iqala ukubonakala ifezekiswa kwindawo yezopolitiko.
Kugqatso lomongameli we-2016, ayingabo bonke kodwa eminye imida yoloyiso yayingaphantsi kwepesenti yokumelwa kubavoti bebonke - ipesenti ze-13 e-Arizona, ipesenti ezi-7 eFlorida, ipesenti ze-1 eMichigan, ipesenti ze-19 eNorth Carolina, ipesenti ezingama-35 eOhio. , 4 ekhulwini ePennsylvania, kunye ne-5 ekhulwini eWisconsin. Kwabo baxhasa iPhulo laBantu abaHluphekileyo ugxininiso ekwakhiweni kwamandla ezopolitiko โngokubhalisa abantu kumbutho ovotayo,โ ezi ziphumo ziyavuselela, nangona kukho imingeni yokhuseleko kwiinzame zokubhalisa abavoti kwaye ekugqibeleni baphume-ngokuvota okwenziwa ngabavoti. isifo esikho elizweni jikelele.
"Intlupheko kunye nobuhlanga kukuqhekeka, amanxeba, apho lo bhubhani unamandla," utshilo uBarber kumsitho wangoLwesibini.
Indlela uBarber ayibona ngayo, umlo oya kwibhokisi yokuvota ukwangumzabalazo wokuzimela.
โKukho ukutshatyalaliswa kwezoqoqosho okuqhubekayo. Abantu abangamakhulu asixhenxe babulawa yintlupheko mihla le kweli lizwe,โ utshilo. โKodwa intlupheko ayiphepheki, yenziwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu. Sidiniwe kukungahoywa kwaye ke sizakubonisa amandla ethu kwibhokisi yokuvota ngoNovemba. Nantso into esizibophelele kuyo iphulo lethu ukusuka apha de singabikho kulo Mhlaba.โ
UBarber uvuyiswa kukukhulula Amandla kwipokotho yakhe engasemva. Uthi:
โKuyamangalisa xa abantu bebona le datha kwaye babone ukuba mangakanani amandla abangathathi ntweni nabanomvuzo ophantsi abavoti. Abazukulinda nje ukuba abezobupolitika babavume; baza kutshintsha ibali, baza kuba ngamandla, bavote ngendlela ebonakalisa amandla.โ
Frances Madeson ubhale malunga nemizabalazo yezopolitiko e-US nakwamanye amazwe kuNksz Magazine, VICE, EWE! Imagazini, i-Progressive Magazine, i-Tablet Magazine, i-American Theatre Magazine kunye nelizwe lase-India namhlanje. Ukwangumbhali wenoveli ehlekisayo yeCooperative Village.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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