Sifikelele kwisiphelo sombutho kwintshukumo yenkqubela phambili yenguqu kwezentlalo, kanye xa sijongene nezoyikiso ezibulalayo kwiintlobo zethu. UNoam Chomsky (2019) ubize ezona zoyikiso zimbini zangoko: (a) intlekele yemozulu eqhubekayo kunye (b) nesona sisongelo sibi kakhulu semfazwe yenyukliya. Ubuncinci ishumi elinesibini leentlobo ezisongelayo zihamba emva kwezi zimbini (uPamlin kunye no-Armstrong, i-2015.) Njengabaninzi benu, ndichithe iminyaka eyi-40 yokugqibela ndenza utshintsho olusisigxina lwentlalo, kuquka zombini ukujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuthintela imfazwe yenyukliya. .. Yintoni eyahlukileyo ngebali lam kukuba yayiyimfazwe yaseVietnam eyandikhokelela ekubeni ndiyeke ukufundisa ekholejini ndaza ndaba litsha-ntliziyo lexesha elizeleyo-kwaye ukujongana nemiphumo yokulwa kwandikhokelela ekubeni ndichithe le minyaka ingamashumi amane kwintanga emibini entsha. -inkxaso (PS) uluntu: Co-counselling and Anonymous recovery. Ngelixa ezi ndawo zombini bezisoloko zingumxholo wokugxekwa ngokumandla nangokuthethelelekayo, nazo zombini zilandela izenzo ezingaqhelekanga, ezintle zombutho. Ezo zenzo zibonisa indlela yokuphuma kwisiphelo sombutho ngexesha lokuphepha ukutshabalalisa.
Abantu abaselula bebala baye babiza esi siphelo sombutho njenge "I-NGO-industrial complexโ (โNGOICโ) (Vuza! Abasetyhini abaMbala ngokuChasene noBundlobongela, ngo-2017.) Ilandela imodeli yamaqumrhu aphantsi kongxowankulu, iiNGOICs ziqeshe abasebenzi abahlawulwa kakhulu, abaqeqeshiweyo ngokusisigxina, kwikhondo lomsebenzi, besebenzisa iimali ezivela kubantu abazizityebi kunye neziseko zabo kwaye balungelelanise umsebenzi wabo kuluhlu lwemigangatho, olukhokelwa "nguMlawuli oPhezulu" (okanye ngamanye amaxesha, ngokwefashoni, ababini โAbalawuli abaBambiseneyo.) Ngokungathintelekiyo, umdla kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni zabaxhasi ngezimali zityhala ii-NGOs ukuba zenze ukhetho olululo kwimigaqo-nkqubo kunye namaqhinga. Ngokwenene, ngokomthetho e-USA, indlela yombutho elandelwa rhoqo ukunika izityebi izibonelelo zokutsalwa kwerhafu, i-501 (c) (3), akuvumelekanga ukubandakanyeka kunyulo, ukuphembelela abantu abaphantsi ngaphaya kwexabiso elincinci (5% yemali yokuqala eyi-$100,000 yengeniso), kuncinane kakhulu ukungathobeli kwabantu. Ukubekela bucala isoyikiso sokuncitshiswa kwenkxaso-mali, abantu abanqwenela kwaye baqeqeshelwa imisebenzi enjalo ye-NGOIC bakwaxhasa umgaqo-nkqubo wolondolozo kunye nokukhetha okucwangcisiweyo ngezizathu zobuqu. Iintsapho zabo kunye noogxa babo kumajelo eendaba, urhulumente, inkolo kunye namanye amacandelo bancome kwaye bavuze olo khetho olulolo hlobo. Ngokwesiprofeto, isazi ngentlalo yabantu saseJamani uRobert Michels wachonga phantse le NGOIC ifanayo kwiminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo ekugxekeni kwakhe amaqela awayenamandla ngelo xesha obusoshiyali eYurophu (Michels, 1962.) Kutshanje, unjingalwazi waseHarvard uTheda Skocpol uye watyhola ngokusilela kweqela lethu elikhulu. imibutho yokusingqongileyo ukujongana nengxaki yemozulu ngo-2009. Siyazi malunga nesi siphelo sombutho isithuba esingaphaya kwenkulungwane kodwa sisaguqukela kuyo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ngokwenene, i-NGOIC "eqhubela phambili" yase-US ngokudibeneyo ichitha ubuncinci ikhulu leebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ngamnye kolu mbutho kwaye iqeshe amakhulu amawaka abafundileyo, abazinikeleyo, abakhutheleyo. Nangona kunjalo zonke ezi ngxaki ziyaqhubeka nokuba mbi.
Uluntu oluxhasa ngabom (PS) lucebisa umkhombandlela ongcono. Ukuyilandela, ilizwe elingaziwayo libandakanye izigidi zamalungu kwimibutho emininzi kwaye libonelela ngeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuchacha kuninzi lweziyobisi. I-Co-counselling inamalungu ayi-100,000 kuquka namatsha ntliziyo amaninzi ehlabathini lonke anamahlumela amaninzi. Olu lwathiso lungcono luxhasa indlela yeendlela ezininzi ezingenalo ubundlobongela, amaphulo asebenza ngokuthe ngqo (Cornell, 2011) kunye neziphakamiso zika-Albert noHahnel (1999) "kwi-economics ethatha inxaxheba." (1)
Nanku umzekelo omncinci osuka kumava am wendlela enokujongeka ngayo ekwakheni nasekuqhubeni intshukumo yenguqu kwezentlalo kubuchwephesha obuncinci bomsebenzi, ngokwenqanaba eliphantsi kunye nesiseko esithe tye ngakumbi, senkxaso yoontanga. Ngo-2005, amashumi amabini anesihlanu amagqala ase-US aselula, kanye emva kwimfazwe eyoyikekayo e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, achitha impelaveki kwindawo yokuhlala, yokuxhasana koontanga, akhala ezingalweni zomnye nomnye, afumanisa ukuba angayenza njani intshukumo ukunceda. omnye nomnye aphilise kwaye atshintshe ihlabathi elibangele intlungu yabo (MacEachron kunye noGustavsen, 2012.) Emva kokuhlwa kokuqala kunye nosuku olulandelayo batshintshiselana ngenkxaso yoontanga, bachitha ubusuku besibini ekuxazululeni iingxaki ezilinganayo kunye nokucwangcisa isenzo. Okokuqala, bacinga ngeengxaki ezinkulu ezijongene nesizukulwana sabo samagqala. Emva koko, baqhekeza kumaqela azenzele ngokwabo ukuze babelane ngolwazi, kwinqanaba elilinganayo, malunga nendlela yokujongana naloo miba: i-PTSD, i-GI Bill, i-VA, imfazwe ngokwayo. Ekugqibeleni, ngorhatya nangentsasa elandelayo, loo maqela aphinda ahlanganisana aza alandela inkqubo ethe tyaba yokuguqula iingcamango zawo zibe zizenzo. Ebudeni baloo mpelaveki, ukongeza kunyango lwabo lobuqu, baye bancedisa ukusungula imibutho ukunceda ukukhokela isizukulwana sabo, ubuncinci ezimbini kuzo zisasebenza phantse kumashumi amabini eminyaka kamva. Sisebenzisa izixhobo ezithe tyaba zokucebisana, siye saqhuba ama-85 kwezi ndawo zokuhlala, iindibano zocweyo ngeempelaveki ukusuka ngo-2005-11 kumagqala e-US abuyayo ali-1,500. Siye sanceda ekulungiseni kwakhona indlela i-VA ephatha ngayo i-PTSD (into aba baselula bayibiza ngokuba โukuziphatha okubi kwemfazweโ) kunye nendlela amagqala aselula alungelelaniswa ngayo kwezopolitiko. Nangona iiworkshops zangempela-veki zingengombutho, ezi workshops zokuxhasana koontanga zisekelwe kwizixhobo zokucebisana zibonisa indlela abantu abanokwenza ngayo ngokufanelekileyo ngokuthe tye.
Nazi ezinye zeendlela ezibalulekileyo zoququzelelo olu luntu mbini lwePS ezithe zadibana kuzo kwaye ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe.
- IIMEYILI AZIYI KUYENZA. Zombini ezi ndawo zicela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bachithe ixesha elininzi kumzamo wabo wokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha komntu, iiyure ezi-1-3 ngosuku lwemisebenzi ethile. Ukutshintsha njani nantoni na esisiseko kwaye ibandakanya konke njengoko inkqubo yethu yentlalontle ifuna umgudu omncinci? Iindawo zethu zokusebenza, imisebenzi, ulwakhiwo losapho, imfundo, uyibiza ngegama, uninzi lwabakhi-mkhanyo abanokwenyani bayavumelana, yonke into kufuneka itshintshe. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uninzi lweeNGO "zotshintsho lwentlalo" zixhomekeke ikakhulu kwi-click-activism, i-imeyile ezithunyelwa kumalungu azo ecela imali okanye utyikityo kwisikhalazo, okanye uninzi lokuya kwintlanganiso yendawo kanye ngenyanga.
- MISA UKUBMBA AMAQELA ETHU OKUDUBULAYO โโKWISAYANA. Obu bungqina bubethelela ukutyekela kwethu ngasekhohlo (ngobulungisa, kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabantu) ukwenza imikhwa yethu emibi omnye komnye-ukubeka phantsi, amazwi acinezelayo kunye nezenzo, ukukrokra, ukuhleba, amaqela. Rhoqo ndiye ndicinge ukuba thina ngasekhohlo sikwasabela kukungasebenzi kwethu (okanye ukuphelelwa lithemba) malunga nokutshintsha inkqubo enkulu yentlalontle. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ilizwe elingaziwayo lisebenza ngokucwangcisiweyo kwimikhwa emibi yobuqu njengenye indlela yokuyinyanzelisa kwabanye/oodade bamatshantliziyo. I-Co-counselling inyanzelisa ukuba amalungu ayo ajongane nazo zonke iingcinezelo ezinikezelwa luluntu lwethu: ubuhlanga, ucalucalulo ngokwesini, ucalucalulo, njl. njl. Kwakhona, ukutshintsha nayiphi na le mikhwa kulo naliphi na uluntu kudla ngokuthatha iiyure ngeveki nganye ekufundeni, ekucingisiseni, nasekwabelanani. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zifanelekile kuzo zombini uluntu. Ngokomzekelo, kuzo zombini, imisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo ibandakanya iintlanganiso ezinde, ezinemveliso, ezakhayo ngabom, ezidla ngokungabekeki phantsi. Babamba amaqela okudubula ambalwa kakhulu.
- AKUKHO SHORTCUT OF INDIMACY. Uluntu olubini lwe-PS luthatha umntu-on-one, ulungelelwaniso lobudlelwane ukuya kwinqanaba elinzulu (cf. Gans, 2009.) Ihlabathi elingaziwa lixhomekeke ubuncinane kubudlelwane obunzulu bokucebisa phakathi "komxhasi" kunye "nommeli" okanye ngaphezulu koontanga " Abahlobo abanoxanduva.โ Obu budlelwane bomntu omnye buhlala bubandakanya ukwabelana ngeemvakalelo okunzulu, ukuba sesichengeni kunye nokunika iingcebiso. Ngokunjalo, ukucebisana kusekelwe kukwabelana okunjalo. Okubalulekileyo, uninzi lwentsebenziswano phakathi koluntu lwe-PS luxhomekeke ekuguqukeni kwexesha, okungaphazanyiswa kwaye kukhuthaze ukubonakaliswa kweemvakalelo ezinzulu. Ngokuthelekisa, iNGOIC idla ngokumisela intlanganiso enye ngenyanga nganye ukulungiselela amalungu/abaxhasi bawo nawuphi na umbutho nakuwuphi na ummandla wejografi. Lincinci iqhezu lamalungu eliya kwezi ntlanganiso ezihlala zilawulwa ziinkokeli ezimbalwa kwaye zibandakanya umxholo omncinci weemvakalelo. Unxibelelwano olunjalo aluboneleli ngenkxaso eyaneleyo yoluntu kumsebenzi wethu wokutshintsha kwentlalo enoxinzelelo. Abakhange batsale kwaye bagcine izigidi zamalungu amatsha kunye namahlakani esiwadingayo.
- UKWANGA KWEQELA. Kunqabile ukuba i-NGOIC icele umlweli-mkhosi ukuba ajoyine iqela elincinci elisisigxina ukuze afumane inkxaso yeemvakalelo, abelane ngolwazi kwaye enze kunye (u-Engler no-Engler, i-2016). Ngokuthelekisa, elinye iqela-lithatha, ngokomzekelo, phantse nayiphi na iphiko lasekunene, i-evangelical mega-cawe-ithembele kakhulu kuthungelwano lwamaqela amancinci, aqhubekayo (Worthnow, 1994.) Ngoko zombini uluntu lwe-PS. Ukucebisana kuye kwaphucula ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwamaqela. Xa kugxilwe kwinkxaso yentlalontle, amaqela okucebisana axhomekeke ekujikeni kwexesha. Xa iqela lidibana ukuze labelane ngolwazi ngesihloko, abathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisi ixesha kwaye endaweni yoko balandela imigaqo elula: "Akukho mntu uthetha kabini phambi kokuba wonke umntu athethe kube kanye." "Akukho mntu uthetha kane de wonke umntu uthethe kabini." Xa amaqela edibana ukuze athathe inyathelo, atshintshisana ngokuphendula imibuzo emine: Okokuqala, "wenze ntoni mva nje ngalo mba?โ Isibini, "yintoni enye ekufuneka siyazi ngalo mbandela? " Isithathu, "uza kwenza ntoni?" Ekugqibeleni, "yintoni enokukuphazamisa ekwenzeni lento ugqiba kuyenza?" Njengazo cawa zevangeli, ezi zibini ze-PS zigxininisa amaqela amancinci. Ukongeza, ziyahluka uyilo lweentlanganiso zeqela ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo yazo.
- AXHUMANA NJANI AMAQELA? Kwimodeli ye-NGOIC, amaqela asekuhlaleni amatsha ntliziyo awanxibelelani kwaphela. Unxibelelwano luhamba ngokwemigangatho, hayi ngokuthe tye phakathi kwamaqela asekuhlaleni. Abasebenzi abahlawulwayo baqhuba iinkqubo zelizwe. Amatshantliziyo kumaqela asekuhlaleni okanye izahluko ubukhulu becala akhetha phakathi kweengcebiso okanye imiyalelo evela kumbutho wesizwe. Ngokwahlukileyo, imodeli engaziwa idibanisa amaqela nge "Intergroups," efana ne "Spokes council" kwimodeli yesenzo esithe ngqo esisetyenziselwa izenzo zokungathobeli uluntu. "Intlanganiso" nganye eqhubekayo, encinci, engaziwayo ikhetha ummeli "othe ngqo" wexeshana ukuba aye kwiintlanganiso zenyanga ze-Intergroup ukwenza izigqibo ezichaphazela onke amaqela. INtlanganiso's abameli abenzi izigqibo zobuqu kwi-Intergroup, bamele ukucinga kweNtlanganiso yabo. Ukuba kuvela isihloko esitsha, babuyela kwiqela labo ukuze bafumane isikhokelo. Izigqibo zamaqela adibeneyo zenziwa ngemvumelwano ngevoti eninzi esetyenziswa njengenkxaso.
- I-HORIZONTAL ORGANIZATIONS-Ngokuchasene ne-NGOIC hierarchical, imodeli yenkampani yomntu ngamnye, uphando olusisiseko kwingqondo yentlangano ixhasa indlela ethe tye, ejoliswe kwiqela (i-Driscoll, i-1980.) Icebisa ukuba iinkokeli zijikeleza; abasebenzi benza imisebenzi elinganayo ukuze babe nomtsalane ngokulinganayo; amaqela athatha isigqibo ngokuvumelana. Uluntu olungaziwayo longeza: abasebenzi abahlawulayo ("abasebenzi abakhethekileyoโ) ukuba baxhase kodwa bangabakhokeli (umz. i-accounting, iincwadi zeendaba, ii-imeyile); ngamavolontiya kuphela akhokelayo; amabhunga athethayo adibanisa amaqela.
Yintoni enye efunekayo?
Imibutho ethe tyaba inokunciphisa utsalo olunobuqhetseba lwe-NGOIC. Nangona kunjalo, amava am kunye nolu luntu mbini lwe-PS lucebisa imfuno yokhuseleko olongezelelweyo. Imibutho yakwaNtu engaziwa yalile ukulungisa imigaqo-nkqubo kunye noncwadi ukuze ivumelane namanani andayo ethu esichonga njengabangakholelwa kuTixo nabangakholelwa kuThixo. Uncwadi olusemthethweni olungaziwa kunye nenkcubeko engekho sikweni zombini zigxininisa kwaye zinyanzelisa inkolelo kumandla okungenelela, amandla omntu: uthixo okanye "Amandla aPhezulu" (ahlala esetyenziswa njengenkunzi kwaye edla ngokuba yindoda). Ukujongana nalo mceli mngeni, thina bantu behlabathi sizakhele iindawo zethu ezingaphantsi, ezinje ngeSecularOvereaters.org (endincede ndayifumana), ngaphakathi nasecaleni kwemibutho esemthethweni. Kubandakanya amalungu ombutho osesikweni kunye nabanye abakhetha ukungazibandakanyi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ulwakhiwo olusesikweni lokucebisana luthintele iinzame zokulungisa iipatheni zokuziphatha kakubi kakhulu ngumseki walo kunye nenkokeli yexesha elide. Ukongeza, zombini ezi ndawo ze-PS zaqala kwaye ziye zahlala zimhlophe kakhulu kwaye zikumgangatho ophakathi nalo lonke ubuhlanga kunye nomgangatho okhoyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ulwakhiwo oluthe tyaba alulonyango lokusombulula zonke iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-NGOIC.
Umbono
Njengoko sisitsho, yasekwa โliqela lamanxilaโ ngowe-1934 (eneneni ngamanxila awayegaywe lihlelo elinye lamaKristu), abantu abangaziwayo ngoku baye bahlukana baza banceda izigidi ehlabathini lonke ukuba zihlangabezane nothotho lweengxaki ezininzi phakathi kwazo. ngaphambili safumanisa ukuba ubomi bethu busengozini. Ehlabathini lonke abantu bahlanganisana yonke imihla, ngokobuqu kwaye besanda kwi-intanethi, kumaqela acwangcisiweyo ukuxhasana. Basoloko betshintshana ngexesha, bengaphazanyiswa, babelana ngeemvakalelo ezinzulu. Batshintshiselana ngolwazi kunye neengcebiso. Kwaye bayenza kwintlangano esondele ngokugqibeleleyo: ukuzixhasa ngokupheleleyo ngemali (isiseko asikwazi ukubanika ngaphezu kwe-10,000 yeedola), akukho nkokheli zihlawulwayo; ubunkokeli obujikelezayo; ukwenza izigqibo ngokwemvumelwano; kwaye ilawulwe ngeseti yee-speaks zebhunga.
Inokwenziwa.
Iingxelo:
UAlbert, uMichael noRobin Hahnel. Sijonge Phambili: Inxaxheba yezoQoqosho kwiNkulungwane yaMashumi amabini ananye. Cambridge: South End. 1991.
Chomsky, uNowam. I-Internationalism okanye Ukuphela (I-Universal Resistance.)
Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge, 2019.
Cornell, uAndrew. Chasa kwaye uCebise: Izifundo ezivela kwiNtshukumo yoMbutho oMtsha. Oakland: AK, 2011.
Driscoll, uJames W. "Iintsomi malunga naBantu abaseMsebenzini: IsiXeko soLawulo lwezaBasebenzi, iPhepha lokuSebenza 1153-80.โ Cambridge, MA: MIT Sloan School of Management, 1980.
Engler, uMarko kunye noEngler, uPaul. Olu ludushe: Indlela ukuchasana ngoBundlobongela iYila ngayo iNkulungwane yaMashumi amabini ananye.. ENew York: Iincwadi zeSizwe, ngo-2016.
Gans, uMarshall. "Ukubalisa ibali lakho loluntu: wena, thina, ngoku. " IYunivesithi yaseHarvard, iSikolo saseKennedy, ngo-2009.
Vuza! Amabhinqa Anebala Ngokuchasene Nogonyamelo. Uguqulo aluyi Kuxhaswa ngezimali, Ngaphaya kweNdawo yoShishino oluNgenaNzuzo. Durham, NC: IYunivesithi yaseDuke, ngo-2017.
Michels, uRobert. Amaqela ezoPolitiko: Uphononongo lwezeNtlalo kwi-Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. NY: I-Free Press, ngo-1962
UPamlin, uDennis kunye noArmstrong, uStuart. "12 Imingcipheko esongela impucuko yabantu: Ityala lecandelo elitsha lomngcipheko. Isiseko seMingeni yeHlabathi. 2015.
Skocpol, Theda. Ukunciphisa iDemokhrasi: Ukusuka kuLungu ukuya kuLawulo kwi-American Civic Life. UNorman: IYunivesithi yase-Oklahoma, ngo-2003.
Worthnow, Robert. Ukwabelana ngohambo: Amaqela eNkxaso kunye ne-America's Quest for Community. ENew York: Iphephandaba lasimahla, ngo-1994.
Umbhalo osemazantsi 1: Eli nqaku lijolise kwiinkqubo zombutho zabahlali benkxaso yoontanga. Umsebenzi ongundoqo kukukhula komntu. Imibutho engaziwa igxininisa inkqubo engqongqo yokuzivavanya kunye nokuphucula umntu ngamnye ("amanyathelo.โ) kunye neCo-counselling igxile ekukhuleni komntu ngokusetyenzwa kweemvakalelo ngamandla. I'Ndizifumene ziluncedo zombini ngokobuqu.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela
1 amagqabantshintshi
Ndilithandile eli nqaku, kuba lichaza iingxaki nezicombululo ezikhokelela kwizinto ezilunge ngakumbi. Emva phayaa ngeminyaka yoo-1990, i-VA yayinenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-โVet to Vetโ, eyayilungiselelwe kuqala ligqala elavuka ngenye imini, lihlala emqolombeni kwilizwe lasendle, laze laqonda ukuba kukho indlela engcono yokuphila. Ibali elide elifutshane, walizisa kwi-VA kwaye yasekwa kunye neqela elibekwe phantsi kweliso lomsebenzi we-VA umsebenzi wakhe yayikukuqinisekisa ukuba intlanganiso nganye ihamba kunye nomsonto othile ochazwe kwiincwadi inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa umzamo, ngoko ibingayi kuba โyisimahla kubo bonkeโ. Kodwa abasebenzi kwiimeko ezininzi baqala ukusebenza njengoonjingalwazi bekholeji kwigumbi lokufundela, begxile ekufundiseni izinto ebesifanele ukuba sizilandele ukuze sibengcono, kunye nokuhlelwa kweqela, apho besincedisana ukuba siqonde ukuba sonke sineengxaki ezifanayo. amava ethu ahlukahlukeneyo kwaye sifunde ekuqondeni omnye komnye ngendlela yokujongana neemvakalelo zethu kwaye siqhubele phambili ebomini, wabulawa kakhulu, kwaye ke inkqubo yagqitywa xa yayiqala ukunceda uninzi lwethu ngokumangalisayo ukutshintsha ubomi bethu. Ndinqwenela ukuba singaphinda siyifumane loo nto, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo iye yandinceda ukuba ndibengcono ekujonganeni nezinto ezibangela ixhala lam kunye nomsindo kwimicimbi yam ye-PTSDโฆ iimvakalelo kancinci, yiva umsindo kunye nokuba yintoni na kancinci, emva koko uthathe isigqibo, "Kulungile, ngoku lixesha lokuqhubeka nosuku lwam"... kwaye oko kunceda kakhulu ukuba ndingaqhubela phambili kuyo nayiphi na into ebangela ukuba ndenze okwam. usuku Kulungile.