Kwezi veki zimbalwa zidlulileyo, abaCebisi ngePolisi ka-Al-Shabaka uBashir Abu Manneh, u-Ali Abunimah, uNaseer Aruri, uDiana Buttu, uMary Nazzal-Batayneh, uMouin Rabbani kunye noSamah Sabawi baphawule ngoNadia Hijab's. isishwankathelo somgaqo-nkqubo, Kuthekani Ukuba Iintetho Zoxolo “Ziyaphumelela?” Izimvo zabo zipapashwa ngezantsi. Kuvele imixholo eliqela engundoqo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwezi zicatshulwa zimfutshane kumagqabaza ngamnye.
UBashir Abu-Manneh: Participatory, self-organized mobilization is the Palestinian people’s greatest challenge today. It is also the best possible resource for Palestinian liberation.
UMary Nazzal-Batayneh: [Lo mcimbi unzima] ufuna ingxoxo esebenzayo ukuba sizakuguqula isindululo sokumanyanisa iqumrhu lezopolitiko ukuba libe linyathelo.
Samah Sabawi: Ngelixa iKomiti yeSizwe ye-BDS ifikelele kumanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe ngempumelelo enkulu, kufuneka kwakhona ibe nenkqubo ekujoliswe kuyo ngokukodwa ekubandakanyeni uluntu lwasePalestina kwi-Diaspora.
Mouin Rabbani: Nangona [i-BDS kunye ne-Palestinian civil society call] ngokuqinisekileyo inokudlala indima, uluntu lwasePalestina luhlala luyinto enye apho imibutho yezopolitiko ibiza i-shots, kwaye apho amaziko abeka i-ajenda. Kungenxa kanye ngenxa yobuthathaka bale mibutho kunye namaziko okwenza ukuba umzabalazo wokuzilawula kwePalestina uhlehle kunokuba uqhubele phambili.
UAli Abunimah: Ngaphandle kokuba siyayiphendula le [imeko] ngamandla ndixela kwangaphambili ukuba akusayi kuba kudala ngaphambi kokuba iingcamango [zoMphathiswa Wezangaphandle kwaSirayeli uAvigdor] uLieberman zamkelwe njengesiqhelo “njengezinto eziya kulalanisa ezisengqiqweni.” Le nkqubo yokuthatha izimvo ezichasene nePalestine ngokugqithisileyo kwaye emva koko sizicoce ngendlela kanye esifikelele ngayo kwinqanaba elilusizi sikulo.
Naseer Aruri: Naluphi na uhlalutyo olusetyenziswayo, umbuzo omnye ongundoqo uvela: iphi al-Jabha al-Dakhiliyya (iDomestic Front)?
Diana Buttu: Ngenxa yokuba i-PLO ayikwazi ukugqiba ngokupheleleyo ukuba imele bonke abantu basePalestina, kufuneka ihlolwe ukuba ngaba i-PLO ingasayina "ukuphela kongquzulwano" njengoko u-Israyeli eqhubeka efuna.
UBashir Abu-Manneh: Ukuzimisela kufuna iDemokhrasi
Akufuneki ukuthetha, ndichasene nezi ntetho (njengoko ziluhlobo lokungeniswa kwePalestina) kwaye zikholelwa ukuba iqhinga lenkululeko yasePalestina (njengoko kubekwe phambili kuXwebhu lwamabanjwa ngoJuni 2006) yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusabela kwikoloniyalizim yakwaSirayeli. Kodwa masicinge, ngenxa yeengxabano, ukuba sivuka kulo nyaka uzayo njengoko u-Obama esamkela ilungu elitsha lasePalestina kwi-UN. Kufuneka benze ntoni abameli benjongo yasePalestina ngoko?
Yintoni abameli basePalestina abaphikisanayo kunye nexhala malunga ne-PA monopolization yamandla ngabameli abangekho mthethweni nabakhethiweyo. Ingxaki ephambili yasePalestina kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ibe kukuhlaselo lwaseNtshona kunye nangaphakathi kwePalestina, ukugqwayiza, kunye nokunyanzeliswa okukhohlakeleyo korhulumente wentando yesininzi ngokukhululekileyo nangobulungisa. Nangaphakathi kwesakhelo esingqongqo solawulo lwase-Oslo, abantu basePalestine ababethathiwe bathathe inxaxheba kunyulo kwaye bakhetha ngokukhululekileyo iHamas. Kwakhona, banqatshelwe ukhetho lwabo lwedemokhrasi. Ke ngoko kubonakala kum ukuba eyona nxalenye iphambili yempendulo (kwakhona) kwimeko engalindelekanga yesivumelwano soxolo esiyimpumelelo kukunikezela ngesivumelwano sovavanyo, okt ukuvumela amaPalestina ukuba asebenzise ilungelo lawo lokuzikhethela kwaye enze isigqibo sokuba ngaba bayayamkela isivumelwano okanye hayi. I-PA elite ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuvota kwi-referendum kwimimandla yasePalestina kuphela (mhlawumbi nakwi-West Bank kuphela).
Ekuphenduleni, ngabaphi abaxhasi besizathu sasePalestina banokugxininisa (ukuba amaqela amakhulu athatha isigqibo sokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-referendum) kukuba ilungelo lokuzikhethela lithetha ukuba BONKE abantu basePalestina (naphi na apho bahlala khona) bavunyelwe ukuba bavote kwisivumelwano esinokwenzeka. . Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela amalungelo asePalestine – ngaphandle kokuwafekethisa okanye ucinge ukuba aqingqwe etyeni. Ilungelo lokuzilawula alenzeki ngokungenamkhethe: lifuna idemokhrasi yasePalestine, njengoko isenziwa ngaphakathi kwemida yemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezithethe zehlabathi. Ukuzimela kwabantu abacinezelweyo kuthetha kuphela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi.
Ndithetha konke oku kuba ndikholelwa ukuba eli lelona xesha lilungileyo lokugxininisa kwidemokhrasi yasePalestina, kwaye elona xesha lilungileyo lokubiza ukwanda kwemibutho yasePalestina ephantsi kwengca kwihlabathi jikelele. Ingxaki nge-PLO ibisoloko ikukunqongophala kwedemokhrasi kunye nokungabikho kokuphendula okuthandwayo. Impendulo kukusilela kwayo okungokwembali kufuneka ibe kukukhusela ixabiso elinye elihlala lijongela phantsi: idemokhrasi. Oku akubhekiseli nje kwezopolitiko zelizwe, kodwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zolungiselelo lwasePalestina. Akukho ndlela yedemokhrasi kunye nokuzimela ngeendlela ezingenademokhrasi. Le yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba amazwi eembacu zasePalestina amelwe ngokulinganayo njenge-1967 kunye ne-1948 yasePalestina. Ukuthatha inxaxheba, ukuzihlanganisa ngowona mceli mngeni mkhulu wabantu basePalestine namhlanje. Ikwangowona mthombo ubalaseleyo wenkululeko yasePalestine.
UMary Nazzal Batayneh: Ukujongana neenyani ezisebenzayo
Amagqabantshintshi amabini akhawulezayo malunga nokumanyanisa ipolitiki yomzimba:
1. Kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo yokuba sincede abantu basePalestine kwi-Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) bahlale kumhlaba wabo, ngakumbi kwi-East Jerusalem. Kutshanje, phakathi kwabemi baseYerusalem, ndibone imvakalelo yokuba ndedwa, ukungaxhaswa, nokungabi nayo inkuthazo ngokwenene yokuhlala uqinile. Abanye abantu basePalestina baxhasa iiprojekthi zokuvuselela iYerusalem yasePalestina, ukunceda ukuqesha abantu baseYerusalem kumashishini asePalestina, njalo njalo. Kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe.
2. Abantu basePalestina abaselubhacweni kufuneka bahlale benxibelelana ngokwasemzimbeni nomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo kukho imiqobo ethintela oku ukuba kungenzeki, nokuba uhlala kwi-Jordan engummelwane. Umzekelo, phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba abantu basePalestina-Jordani bafumane i-visa ukuya kwi-OPT. Omnye umqobo yintshukumo ye-anti-normalization - endiqhele ukuyithatha kuyo yonke into - abagxeka esidlangalaleni nayiphi na iPalestina-Jordanian ekhetha ukutyelela i-OPT. Ukuma kwabo kukuba kungabikho mntu undwendwelayo ukuba kufuneka athathe imvume kwaSirayeli. Ke, kubantu basePalestine abanepasipoti yangaphandle, yamkelekile, kodwa kumndilili waseJordanian, ayamkelekanga kwaphela. Ngumcimbi onzima, kodwa udinga ingxoxo esebenzayo ukuba siza kuguqula isindululo sokudibanisa ipolitiki yomzimba ukuba isebenze.
USamah Sabawi: Ukuvala iCandelwana lamatshantliziyo oLuntu
Ndiza kuphawula kuphela apha malunga nesidingo sokubandakanya amaPalestina elubhacweni. Amava am eCanada nase-Australia andikhokelela ekubeni ndikholelwe ukuba kukho ulwahlulo olukhulu phakathi kwabaphembeleli bamazwe ngamazwe kunye noluntu lwasePalestina. Uninzi loluntu luphosa amatheko oluntu, kodwa xa kufikwa kwizifundo, uqhanqalazo kunye neendibano zocweyo, kunzima ukufumana abangaphezulu kwegcuntswana abaza kuzimasa. Kunzima ukubandakanya olu luntu ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala yeyokuba uluntu luhlala lukhokelwa ngabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abajongana nemiqobo yolwimi kunye nenkcubeko emi phakathi kwabo namatshantliziyo achasene nemfazwe kumakhaya abo amatsha. Isizathu sesibini yimfazwe yobugrogrisi, eye yoyikisa uluntu oluninzi lwama-Arabhu yaza yashiya abantu abaninzi basePalestine ngaphandle besoyika ukubandakanyeka kakhulu kwezopolitiko ngenxa yokoyika ukuphulukana nezikhundla zabo, amashishini okanye inkululeko. Imilinganiselo yamva nje engqongqo ebonakaliswe lugqogqo lwe-FBI kumakhaya amatsha ntliziyo e-US iyaluqinisa olu loyiko. Isizathu sesithathu isenokuba yiyantlukwano yezopolitiko kwi-Occupied Palestine eyahlula abantu kumazwe angaphandle kwaye ishiya uninzi lwabo lukrokrela ukumelwa nokubandakanyeka kwezopolitiko. Konke oku kushiye uninzi lwamaPalestine elubhacweni ngaphandle kwelizwe lamatshantliziyo. Abaninzi kubo abazi nokuba yintoni na BDS okanye ukuba yinxalenye yale ntshukumo intsha.
Ngokwenene, ngelixa iKomiti yeSizwe ye-BDS ifikelele kumanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe ngempumelelo enkulu, kufuneka kwakhona ibe nenkqubo ejoliswe ngokukodwa ekubandakanyeni uluntu lwasePalestina kwi-Diaspora. Kufuneka sibabonise ukuba kukho ezinye iinketho ezikhoyo zokuxhathisa ezidlula izinto zokwenyani ezimisiweyo, ezimiliselwe kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, eziyinxalenye yokumelana nobundlobongela kwaye aziyi kubabeka engozini njengoko bezama bakhe ubomi babo kwaye bakhulise iintsapho zabo kumakhaya abo amatsha.
Ixesha alikho kwicala lethu. Akuzange ngaphambili umsantsa ube mkhulu kangaka phakathi kweenkokeli zasePalestina, amaqela kunye nolangazelelo lwabantu basePalestine. Enye yezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo ezenziwa ngu-Hijab yile: Ukuba uFayyad wayeza kubhengeza ilizwe lasePalestina ngo-2011, oku kuya kubonelela kuphela "ngembonakalo 'yokuphela kongquzulwano' ngelixa inyaniso ihlala ingatshintshi. Ukuba ihlabathi liphela liyabona ukuba urhulumente “wasePalestine” wanelisekile kukuvunywa kwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nesihlalo seZizwe eziManyeneyo, baya kukuvuyela ukuqhubela phambili kwezinye iingxaki beshiya amaPalestina enceba yakwaSirayeli.” Kufuneka siqalise iphulo lemfundo enobuzaza elinokuthi lixhobise abantu basePalestina abaselubhacweni kwaye libakhuthaze ukuba bazibandakanye. Igalelo labo lifuneka ngoku ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili.
I-Mouin Rabbani: Imida yeMikhosi engeyiyo yezoPolitiko
Omnye udinga kuphela ukuvavanya isakhelo sothethwano lwangoku ukuqonda ukuba kutheni nasiphi na isivumelwano esinokuvela kwiingxoxo zangoku siza kubonisa amaPalestina kunye nomzabalazo wokuzimela kunye nemingeni emikhulu kakhulu kunokusilela. Umxhasi wabo - i-US - uye waqinisekisa ukuba olu thethwano luqala ngaphandle kwereferensi - kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akukho ukuzibophelela okubophelelayo - mhlawumbi ukuphelisa umsebenzi we-Israel okanye i-corpus yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezigqibo ze-UN ezinokusebenza njengesikhokelo sothethathethwano olunentsingiselo. Ayizange ikhuphele ngaphandle kuphela wonke omnye umdlali wezizwe ngezizwe kuyo nayiphi na indima kolu thethwano, kodwa ukongezelela ukuba imisebenzi yakwa-Israeli yokudibanisa umsebenzi - ngakumbi ukuqhubela phambili kobuYuda beJerusalem kunye nokwandiswa kokuhlala kwi-West Bank - kuvunyelwe ukuba kuqhubeke ngexesha lezi ngxoxo. .
Oku kungasentla kunika isalathisi esibalulekileyo sokuba izinto zibonakala zisingise phi. Ngamafutshane, ingcamango ye-Palestine statehood ukususela e-Oslo yatshintshwa ukusuka kwisixhobo sokuphelisa ukuhlalwa kwe-Israel ibe yindlela yokuqhubela phambili ulawulo lwakwa-Israel phezu kwabantu basePalestina. Oku akuthethi ukuba uburhulumente buza kufezekiswa, kodwa icebisa ukuba eyona meko inokwenzeka ihambisana nemigaqo yesivumelwano sexesha elide, esinokubandakanya uburhulumente bethutyana okanye nokuba liqumrhu elisemthethweni lasePalestina ngaphandle kweempawu ezisisiseko zolongamo.
Kwicala lasePalestina le-equation kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokungqubana kwangoku, ezimelwe ngcono nguMahmoud Abbas kunye nokuzibandakanya kwakhe ngokungekho miqathango kunye ne-US-Israeli ajenda. Ukwahlulahlulwa kwePalestina kunye ne-atrophy yeziko ngokuqinisekileyo zizinto ezimbini eziphambili. Kodwa ngaphaya koku umba osisiseko usahleli uqhekeka ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukongeza ekuqhubekeni kokudilizwa koninzi lweengingqi zovoto zasePalestine.
Kulapha kule ngongoma yokugqibela ukuba ndingavumelani neHijab yam. Ngaphandle kokungena kwiimfaneleko ze-BDS, okanye ubungakanani boMnxeba woMbutho woLuntu wowama-2005 umele imvumelwano yasePalestine, ndiyabuza ukuba bangaqhubela phambili kangakanani na imicimbi kwezo zinto ziphawulwe kwisindululo sakhe. Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo banokudlala indima, uluntu lwasePalestina luhlala luyinto enye apho imibutho yezopolitiko ibiza i-shots, kwaye apho amaziko abeka i-ajenda. Kungenxa kanye ngenxa yobuthathaka bale mibutho kunye namaziko okwenza ukuba umzabalazo wokuzilawula kwePalestina uhlehle kunokuba uqhubele phambili. Kwaye ngokombono wam ukunyakaza kwe-BDS kunye ne-2005 ye-Civil Society Call abanalo amandla okuhlanganisa abantu kwaye baququzelele kumzabalazo oqeqeshekileyo kunye nempumelelo yenkululeko.
U-Ali Abunimah: Imiceli mngeni emikhulu kodwa iSimo esomeleleyo
Nokuba ilizwe [lasePalestine] iBantustan limiselwe ukuba lingaphumeleli ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba “inkqubo yoxolo” iphumela ekubeni ibe luphambuko olude nolubuhlungu kubantu basePalestina. Uloyiko lwam kukuba "umbono" welizwe lasePalestine ukuba i-axis echasene nePalestina ka-Obama, i-Israel, i-Usurped Palestinian Authority (PA)-PLO, kunye ne-Arab "moderates" yinto engcono kakhulu efana neKosovo: i-NATO-ehlala, i-EU. -inkxaso-mali, izele urhwaphilizo. Umdla womntu wonke uya kugcina eli rhamncwa liqhubeka ngelixa abantu basePalestine beqhubeka nokubandezeleka.
Kufuneka kumzabalazo wethu sigxininise amalungelo abo BONKE abantu basePalestine kwaye yile nto yenziwa yimigaqo ye-BDS (Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions). I-fetish ye "statehood" apho i-axis echasene nePalestina igxile kuyo isebenza kwawona maPalestine angcono kwi-West Bank (kwaye mhlawumbi ekugqibeleni neGaza) kodwa ngeendleko zabo bonke abanye abantu basePalestina. Ngokwenyani, iGaza kunye nabantu abaninzi kwiBhanki yaseNtshona bebengayi kuxhamla, njengoko i-Ramallah elite yeRamallah exhaswa yi-Israel isenza nzulu ulawulo lwabo.
Intetho kaLieberman ye-UN ebiza "utshintshiselwano lwabemi" isikhumbuza ngokubaluleka kokwakha kwakhona ubumbano lwangaphakathi kwePalestina ngakumbi abantu basePalestina ngaphakathi kwamazwe e-1948 ahlala phantsi kwesoyikiso esikhulayo esivela kwiZionism. Ngaphandle kokuba siyayiphendula le nto ngamandla ndixela kwangaphambili ukuba akuzukuthatha xesha lide ngaphambi kokuba iimbono ezibi zika-Lieberman zamkelwe kwindawo eqhelekileyo “njengokolalanisa okufanelekileyo.” Le nkqubo yokuthatha izimvo ezichasene nePalestine ngokugqithisileyo kwaye emva koko sizicoce ngendlela kanye esifikelele ngayo kwinqanaba elilusizi sikulo.
Ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na indlela yokunciphisa imiceli mngeni emikhulu abantu basePalestine abajongene nayo, andinathemba kangako kuneMouin Rabbani. Okwangoku amaPalestina akwimeko ebuthathaka kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba ujonga izinto ezisisiseko-ezinkulu kunobuntu okanye iinkcukacha zale ntshukumo - amaPalestina akwimeko entle kakhulu.
Ngokwedemografi ziyanyuka. Ngokwezopolitiko nangokuziphatha baneZionism kwiintambo. Zibeke kwindawo yamaZionists. Inokuba yintoni iqhinga lakho? Ukuba injongo kukukhusela ukuba semthethweni kunye nokomelela kukaSirayeli ngonaphakade ayikhangeleki kakuhle. Akukho ndlela. Ndihlala ndifanisa uSirayeli nomntu osisityebi ochitha ngokukhawuleza inkunzi yakhe (kule meko yezopolitiko, ukusemthethweni, ukuziphatha) kodwa engenayo ingeniso. Abantu basePalestine okwangoku bangamahlwempu ane “capital” encinci kwiakhawunti yabo, kodwa banengeniso kwaye iyakhula. Sinokuyisebenzisa okanye siyichithe.
Oko akuthethi ukuba abantu basePalestine kufuneka nje bahlale phantsi balinde kude kuyo. Kuthetha ukuba kufuneka basebenzise ii-asethi abanazo ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Ndicinga ukuba i-BDS sisicwangciso esibalulekileyo kwaye inamandla amakhulu. Eminye yemibutho yasePalestine ayinikeli ngqalelo encinci kuyo ngoku kuba ababoni amandla ayo. Kodwa njengoko iqokelela inkxaso yamazwe ngamazwe, ngoko iya kuqokelela inkxaso yasePalestina ngaphaya kwale inayo ngoku. Apho ndivumelana kakhulu noRabbani kubunzima beziko. Buya kuvela njani kwaye buvela phi ubunkokheli basePalestine obuthembekileyo, obunesiseko esibanzi nobumele ngokwenene ukuze buchaze ngokucacileyo amabango asePalestina kunye nokuwasukela ngokwezopolitiko - ngokusekelwe kwinkxaso yokwenyani eqinileyo ethandwayo evela kumaPalestina ngaphakathi nangaphandle? Asinayo iAfrican National Congress (ANC). Asinayo nePLO! Mhlawumbi ngaxa lithile iKomiti yeSizwe ye-BDS ingaba yinucleus okanye inxalenye yaloo nto. Andazi, kodwa oko kuhlala kuyeyona ndawo inenkungu yendlela eya phambili.
Ndikwavumelana noSamah Sabawi ukuba imiceli mngeni yokuququzelela elubhacweni yoyikekayo. Kodwa amandla, kwakhona, akhona.
I-Naseer Aruri: Ukuxilongwa kunye neMibuzo ePhambili
Ngokwembali, imibutho yabaphambukeli-ikholoniyali yayixhomekeke ikakhulu ekuthinjweni komkhosi, ukugxothwa kwabantu, ukwahlulwa komhlaba, kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ukuze bafezekise iinjongo zabo. Ngelixa uSirayeli engazange ashiye mva, iNkqubo yase-Oslo yaba lilungiselelo lokuqala lozakuzo elaququzelela impumelelo ebambekayo yobukoloniyali echaphazela umhlaba kunye nezakhiwo zabemi. I-Oslo ikwathetha ukulahlwa ngokuzithandela kwamalungelo amkelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe ngokuthanda iingxoxo apho abantu basePalestina kuya kufuneka baqinisekise amaSirayeli ukuba banamalungelo. Ukuba nenye yezona nkokeli zikhohlisayo kwimbali yanamhlanje ngelixa ujongene neyona ntshaba inamandla kwaye ikhohlakele ibe yindibaniselwano ebulalayo kubantu basePalestine.
Ngaphaya koko, imo engqongileyo yase-Oslo yoxolo ekucingelwa ukuba yasebenza njengesigqubuthelo sobukoloniyali bomhlaba namanzi amaninzi. Kwakhona uye wakhonza iimfuno zebhedi ezintathu ezingaqhelekanga - i-Arafat, i-Israel kunye neWashington, inikezela isikhuselo sokutshatyalaliswa kwentlalo yoluntu kunye nenkcubeko ye-Intifada yokuqala, eyakhuthaza ukuzimela, ukuchasana kunye nokuzithandela. Ukujongelwa phantsi komthetho wezizwe ngezizwe, ukukhula okukhulayo kwe-Israel kunye ne-US phantse iyonke ye-diplomatic monopoly, kudityaniswe ukudala imeko apho ubutyala bophuhliso lwe-Palestina kunye "nokupheliswa kwedemokhrasi" (njengoko uKarma Nabulsi eyichaza) idluliselwe kwixhoba. . Njengophononongo lwembali yeZionist ngaphambi nangemva ko-1967 iqinisekisa, eyona nto iphambili kwaSirayeli ibingumhlaba, amanzi, ukuchuma, iindawo ezicwangcisiweyo, kunye nenani elincinci labemi bomthonyama kumdla “wokhuseleko” lwabantu. Ulungelelaniso lommandla alukho ekupheleni.
Kananjalo ulawulo lwase-US aluyi kukwazi ukudibanisa umnqweno ochaziweyo kaGeorge Mitchell wokufuna isisombululo sothethathethwano, kunye nezo zikaGeneral Keith Dayton, oye wandisa ungquzulwano lwangaphakathi phakathi kweHamas kunye neFateh kwaye waqeqesha amajoni aseFateh njengemikhosi echasayo. Ujoliso lwamajoni aseDayton ayingomsebenzi; kukuchasa. Yiloo nto ebizwa ngokuba ngumthetho nocwangco.
Into eyenzekayo ngoku kukuqhubekeka kwe1948, iNakba yesibini. Yayiyintoni iNakba yokuqala emva kwayo yonke loo nto? Ngaba kwakungekho malunga nokulahlekelwa komhlaba kunye namanzi, ukuhlanjululwa kohlanga, ukufakwa kunye nobuYuda? Ikoloniyali engayekiyo yeekota zama-Arabhu zaseRas al-Amoud kunye noSheikh Jarrah eyaqala empuma yeYerusalem ngo-2009, xa abasemagunyeni bakwa-Israel bavuma izicwangciso zokwakha amakhulukhulu eeyunithi zabahlali kwintliziyo ye-Arab East Jerusalem, ayahlukanga kubukoloniyali baseQatamoun. , Isitalato saseJaffa, iTalbiyeh kunye nezinye izinto ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Israel West Jerusalem emva kwe1948.
Namhlanje, ngokungafaniyo nowe-1948, iinkokeli zasePalestina ziyaxinga. Inene, ubunkokheli banamhlanje basePalestine - emntwini ka-Yasser Abed Rabbo kunye no-Saeb Erekat - bebethumela imiyalezo kuluntu lwase-Israel phantse becela uxolo endaweni yokuba bafune bona - kunye nokuphendula - ngokufuduswa, ukuhluthwa komhlaba, ukubulawa kwabantu, ukuthuthunjiswa ngokusemthethweni, kunye nokudilizwa kwezindlu. . I-imperialism yase-US kunye ne-hegemony iyanda kwaye i-Israel ayithinteli. Amazwe ama-Arabhu, awayengenangxaki ngo-1948, ngoku aphantsi ngokubandakanyeka. I-Egypt kunye neJordani azinyanzelisi nje ukungqingwa kwe-Israel kubemi baseGaza, kodwa zibonelela ngeenkampu zoqeqesho kwii-Fateh quislings ukuze zikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi womkhosi wamaSirayeli, kunye nokufihla umsebenzi. Izixeko zasePalestina ezikwimimandla echongiweyo yaseOslo “A” zibonisa imbonakalo yesiqhelo phantsi kobunjineli bezomkhosi baseDayton, “uhlaziyo” lweNkulumbuso uSalam Fayyad kunye “noxolo” lwezoqoqosho lukaNetanyahu.
Sihlangabezana njani nale meko? Amanye amacebiso avela kuphononongo olufutshane lwemizabalazo yangaphambili yasePalestina yamalungelo. Ukusukela ngomnyaka we-1967, umzabalazo wePalestine wokuzilawula wawuquka iindidi ezintathu: ezozakuzo, ezopolitiko kunye ne-para-military. Ekuqaleni, injongo yomzabalazo wezixhobo yayililizwe elinye lentando yesininzi kulo lonke elasePalestina apho amaKristu, amaSilamsi kunye namaYuda aya kufana. Eli xesha lifutshane lifikelele esiphelweni ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1970. Phantsi kwesivumelwano esingabhalwanga phakathi kwe-PLO kunye namazwe ama-Arabhu, abo bangaphambili bavuma ukuthothisa intetho yabo yenguqu, bayeke "umzabalazo oxhobileyo," kwaye bazibandakanye namazwe ama-Arabhu kumzabalazo wezozakuzo welizwe elincinci eWest Bank naseGaza. .
Ngokufanelekileyo, iindibano zeAlgiers kunye neRabat kwi-1973 kunye ne-1974 zaqaphela i-PLO njengommeli osemthethweni wabantu basePalestina. Kodwa nangona idiplomacy yobuxoki yayiyeyona nto iphambili ekugxininiswe kuyo umsebenzi we-PLO ngeminyaka yoo-1970, 1980s kunye no-1990, kwakukho umzabalazo obalulekileyo wezopolitiko owawuqhubeka phakathi kwemida eyayithathiwe. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, imibutho yoluntu neyezopolitiko yayiqhuba umzabalazo ongenabundlobongela phantsi kwebhanile yePalestinian National Front (PNF). Ubuchule babo bohlukene ukusuka ekungahlawulini irhafu, ukuya kukwaywa, uqhanqalazo, kunye nezinye iindlela zoxolo ezenzelwe ukuba zingabhengeza nje ukuba umsebenzi awukho mthethweni kodwa uwenze ungasebenzi. Abaphathi bemisebenzi bacinezela iinkokeli kunye namatsha ntliziyo e-PNF, bevalela abaninzi entolongweni ngelixa begxotha abanye.
Oku kwanceda ukuseka ulwakhiwo lokuchasa ngaphakathi kwiMimandla eThileyo eyahluke kakhulu kwi-PLO, eyayicinga ukuba yayisakha indawo yokulinda ngaphandle kwePalestina. Umbutho wezopolitiko phakathi kwemimandla ethathiweyo yayibizwa ngokuba yiDomestic Front (al-Jabha al-Dakhiliyya), kwaye yabonwa njengomqolo wokwakha isizwe kunye nokusukela ukuzimela. Ngaloo ndlela, ngelo xesha, kwakukho iinkokeli ezimbini zasePalestina ezikhuphisanayo, enye isebenzisa iindlela zobuchwephesha zediplomatic kwaye igxininise kurhulumente kunye nemibatha yayo, ngelixa enye izama ukudala utshintsho lwesakhiwo olwenzelwe ekugqibeleni ukudiliza umsebenzi.
Ngokugxothwa kwemikhosi ye-PLO kunye nezixhobo eLebhanon ngo-1982 kunye no-1983 kunye nokufudukela eTunis nakwezinye iindawo zelizwe lama-Arabhu, umzabalazo wangaphakathi waqala ukukhula ngamandla kwaye Jabha Dakhiliyya omelele. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Jabha kufake i-Intifada ka-1987, eyathwala umzabalazo wezopolitiko, ongenabundlobongela ukuya phezulu. I-Intifada yayimele umngeni omkhulu kumkhosi wamaSirayeli/umbutho wezopolitiko, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba icinezelwe: 1) ngokucinezela iiKomiti zezoPolitiko (Lijan Siyasiyya) ababekhokela umzabalazo wezopolitiko ongenabundlobongela egameni loluntu; kunye 2) ngokukhetha i-PLO, eyayijongene neengxaki ezinzima - zenkxaso-mali, ukuba semthethweni, kunye nobunkokeli - kunye nokulangazelela ukwamkelwa njengeqabane lothethathethwano.
I-PLO yalukuhlwa ngokulula ukuba iqalise inkqubo yase-Oslo, kanye njengokuba yacengwa ukuba ingene kumzabalazo wezozakuzo ongenamsebenzi wesisombululo sombuso-mbini kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ngaphambili. U-Israyeli wabeka ecaleni ngokufanelekileyo umzabalazo wezopolitiko/uluntu oqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwe-OPT. Ngokwenene, ixhoba eliphambili lase-Oslo lalinjalo al-Jabha al-Dakhiliyya kwaye nabani na otyelela imimandla uya kuphawula ukuba akukho ndawo. Naluphi na uhlalutyo olusetyenziswayo, umbuzo omnye ongundoqo uvela: iphi al-Jabha al-Dakhiliyya? Kulandela eminye imibuzo: Inokwakhiwa njani ngokutsha? Ishishini lemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente lingathatyathelwa indawo ngumbutho wenene woluntu? Ungakanani umonakalo owenziwe nguGunyaziwe wasePalestine eluntwini? Ngaba loo monakalo uya kwandiswa yinkqubo yangoku, enokuthi ibe nempembelelo embi kunaleyo yase-Oslo?
UDiana Buttu: Cela umngeni kuMsebenzi wezoPolitiko
Kubalulekile ukugxila kwezinye iindlela ezizezinye malunga nento onokuyenza ukuba iintetho "ziphumelele." Ngelixa i-Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) ithi ithetha egameni labo "bonke abantu basePalestina," ibeke imida yokuba ngubani othathwa ngokuba "yiPalestina" kwaye ayiphumelelanga ukubamba ukhetho iminyaka emininzi. Ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa kukho ukuphikisana ukuba isivumelwano esinjalo sinokufumana inkxaso yabo bantu basePalestina kwi-West Bank kunye ne-Gaza Strip ngokusebenzisa i-referendum, nayiphi na i-referendum inokuthi ingabandakanyi abo bantu basePalestina abavela kwi-Diaspora, i-East Jerusalem kunye nabemi basePalestina kwaSirayeli. Ke ngoko, kuyathandabuzeka kakhulu ukuba i-PLO ingaqhubeka nokutsho ukuba imele bonke abantu basePalestine.
Ngenxa yokuba i-PLO ayikwazi ukugqiba ngokupheleleyo ukuba imele bonke abantu basePalestina, kufuneka ihlolwe ukuba ngaba i-PLO ingasayina "ukuphela kongquzulwano" njengoko u-Israyeli eqhubeka efuna. Kule meko, abantu basePalestine - ngakumbi iimbacu kunye nabanini bemihlaba - kufuneka bajonge ekuphononongeni iindlela ezizezinye zokufuna ukulungiswa ngokunyhashwa kukaSirayeli amalungelo abo, nokuba kungeforam yezizwe ngezizwe okanye ngezinye iindlela. Ngenene, abantu basePalestine kufuneka bachonge iindlela zokucela umngeni kuso nasiphi na isivumelwano esijonge ukutyikitya amalungelo abo, ngakumbi isivumelwano esisayiniweyo ukulungiselela ipolitiki.
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