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Inqaku lika-Ehrenreich kunye noFletcher elithi "Ukucinga kwakhona kweSocialism," kunye neempendulo ezininzi eziye zazifumana, zibubungqina besibongozo esivakalayo seSocialism kwabo balangazelela ihlabathi elinobulungisa, elinobuntu, nelinobulungisa. Noko ke, lo mbuzo uya udinwa ngakumbi, unento yokwenza nendlela lo mbono—nokufanele—uzaliseke ngayo, ukuba kuya kuze kwenzeke.
"Uhlaziyo okanye Revolution?" Qala ukhathazeke ngento oyenzayo kwixesha elizayo xa uthengela
Njengoko ezinye iimpendulo ezininzi zinokujolisa kwimihlaba ebonakalayo kunye nethiyori kuluntu lobusoshiyali, ndiza kuchitha ixesha elithile ndicinga ngesicwangciso esibanzi. Ngokungaphephekiyo, umbuzo ‘wohlaziyo okanye uguquko’ uvela ngokukhawuleza. Yaye ukuba sithetha ngobusoshiyali kwihlabathi eliphuhlileyo lobukapitali—ngokukodwa eUnited States—umbandela ‘wohlaziyo okanye inguqulelo’ uba nempikiswano eshushu ngakumbi. Inqaku lam lokuqala, ke, kukuba, ngelixa imbono yoguquko oludumileyo e-US (yithi, enye ebandakanya i-15% yabemi) inokubonakala ngathi ithandana ngokungenasiphelo (kwaye mhlawumbi isoyikeka), kuya kubakho. iingozi ezinkulu ezisahleliyo kwi-85% eseleyo-oko kukuthi, ezo mpawu zingqongqo eziquka into ebizwa ngokuba yi-logic of capital.
Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, ukuba uguquko lobusoshiyali beluya kwenzeka ngomso, eyona nto iphambili kurhulumente omtsha—nangaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ongemncinci kangako wokucwangcisa ngokwedemokhrasi, inguqu egqibeleleyo, engazange ibonwe ngaphambili, yobusoshiyali kuluntu lonke — inokuba kakhulu. zijikeleze kakuhle malunga nendlela yokufumana ngempumelelo kunye nokudibanisa abantu abaphantse babe zizigidi ezingama-60 abavotele uJohn McCain noSarah Palin ngoNovemba ophelileyo (singasathethi ke nge-70 yezigidi ezixhasa ubungxowankulu, iiLiberals, iimodareyitha, kunye nedemokhrasi yezentlalo evotele u-Obama). Ingongoma ikukuba, nasemva kwesiganeko esingalindelekanga kakhulu soguquko lobusoshiyali oludumileyo, ukuxhaphaka kweemvakalelo ezichasene nobusoshiyali kunokubangela ukuba yenene uguquko-o.k.t., inguqu ecokisekileyo yalo lonke ubudlelwane bezentlalo noqoqosho-bume phambi kokuba buqale. Ngaloo ndlela, inguqu yobusoshiyali—ukuba ayixhaswanga Nangona isininzi nje sabemi-sinokuthi sibonakalise intlekele ngakumbi ngesizathu sobusoshiyali kunokuba kungabikho revolution kwaphela.
Ngoko, ngaphandle kwenguqulelo edumileyo, ayintoni amathemba eprojekthi yobusoshiyali ngaphakathi eU.S. Impendulo ngandlel’ ithile edimazayo iyaqondakala into ebangele abaninzi abangasekhohlo ‘bajonge eMzantsi’ ukuze bafumane impefumlelo, ithemba, nokhokelo—ndiquka nam. Ngokwenene, kubalulekile ukuba abo basekhohlo basebenze ngokungadinwayo ukugxeka ngokwakhayo ezi projekthi zamazwe ngamazwe; ukuzikhusela kokubini kubuxoki obusasazwayo, ngelixa belinganisa iinkokeli kunye namaqela ngokuchasene neentetho zabo kunye nokulahlekisa iiprojekthi zembali yangaphambili.
Kodwa asifanele sizibophelele nje ekubeni ngumbukeli ogxekayo. Yintoni eninzi kakhulu eKhohlo abaye bayilibala ngokuphindaphindiweyo yindlela bona ngokwabo abamele ngayo amandla omntu kuluntu; ukuba ngamnye unokuchaphazela uthungelwano olukhulu lwabantu ngeendlela ezinamandla. Ndithetha ngowazibiza ngokuba nguSocialist kodwa noxa kunjalo ugcina ulwahlulo lwemisebenzi phakathi kwekhaya. Ndithetha ngozibiza ngokuba nguSoshiyali okwaziyo ukucengceleza isahluko sokuqala seCapital Volume 1 phantse ngokwelizwi nelizwi, kodwa ephatha umntu ophatha imali kwivenkile yakhe yegrosari ngentlonipho nje encinci njengogxa bakhe bongxowankulu. Ndithetha ngomntu ozibiza ngoSocialist osebenza umsebenzi ophantsi wokuthengisa kwaye ekhupha ukukhathazeka kwakhe kwinto ebonwayo, kodwa ayiyonyani, utshaba—abathengi. NjengamaSoshiyali, luxanduva lwethu—ukuba oko sikukholelwayo kuthetha nantoni na kwaphela—ukuzicoca ngokucokisekileyo thina nobomi bethu kubutshaba basekuhlaleni obuqiniswa ngokungenasiphelo bubukhapitali: indoda ngokuchasene nowasetyhini, umthengi xa ethelekiswa nomvelisi, umvelisi, umvelisi. vs. abathengi, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Oku kanye kanye ukubaluleka kokuqala ukusuka ngezantsi. Kwaye ngaloo nto andithethi kuphela kumaqela amancinci, asezantsi. Ndikwa (kwaye ngakumbi) ndithetha njengabantu ngabanye; Umntu ngamnye unempembelelo yethu kuye wonke umntu esidibana naye kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Izenzo zethu zinokuthi zibethelele iimantras ezifundwe luluntu ngokubanzi phantsi kongxowankulu, okanye ngokuchubekileyo-ngokuqinisekileyo-zikhuphe kuzo. William Greider, kwinkupho yakutshanje ye Wesizwe, uthetha kweli nqaku xa esithi, "Urhulumente unokwenza izinto ezininzi, kodwa akanako ukuguqula uluntu. Kuphela ngabantu abanokwenza oko. Balutshintsha uluntu ngokuthe ngcembe nangeendlela ezingachazwanga ngokuziphatha kunye nobuchule babo ..."[i]
Ngoko ke, akukho projekthi yobusoshiyali—kungakhathaliseki ukuba ibalwe kangakanani na, izibophelele kwaye izigxeka kangakanani—iya kuze iphile ukuba amandla omntu aquka uluntu, mihla le, aqhubela phambili ezona ndlela zokucinga kunye nobudlelwane boluntu obuchasene nesocialism. Ukuyicinga ngenye indlela, ingaba nayiphi na 'intshukumo eluhlaza' iya kuhamba kakuhle, nokuba iyaphumelela ekuqulunqweni komthetho onamandla, ukuba uninzi lwabemi luyala ukwenza owona manyathelo alula 'oluhlaza'? Kwimeko enje, i-US inokuba yeyona 'iluhlaza' eyakhe yafumaneka ephepheni nangaphakathi kwiiholo zeCongress, kodwa kwikhaya ngalinye, kusekho izifudumezi zomoya ezintathu kunye nomabonakude ababini abakhulu kwi… Ngaloo ndlela igunya lihlala lihleli ebantwini; hayi ngenxa yokuba beyifunile okanye banelungelo kuyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iyini abantu ngabanye benza-nokuba uyazi okanye ngokungazi-oko ekugqibeleni kuthatha isigqibo ngekamva layo nayiphi na iprojekthi enkulu yentlalontle.
Owona Mfanekiso Mkhulu: Ukuguqula Le Nqanaba ineNkani
Ukholelwa okanye awukholelwa, abavoti abaninzi basajonge kubameli ukuba benze "into elungileyo" -okanye, ngokucacileyo, "umsebenzi olungileyo" (umzekelo, "Ewe, ndicinga ukuba uya kwenza umsebenzi olungileyo," okanye "Andifuni." 'andiyithandi into ayenzileyo; yayingeyonto ilungileyo ukuyenza"). Ewe, abo bethu banenkathalo ngenzululwazi yezentlalo bayazi ukuba zibubudenge kangakanani iingxelo ezinje. Ukanti, ziyinyani—yinyani ngokwenene. Xa abantu bethetha la mazwi, bawathetha ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye bakholelwa ukuba le nto bayithethayo inomlinganiselo othile wokufaneleka nobunzulu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sihlekise kwaye sichase, kufuneka siqonde ukuba le nto bayithethayo kufuneka isekelwe kuyo into ethile. Ngoku, inkcazo "ilungile" okanye "ilungile", ngokuqinisekileyo, ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa yintoni eyenza into "ilungile" okanye "elungileyo", ndiyakholelwa, inento yokwenza noko sele yamkelwe njengelungileyo (okanye embi), okanye elungileyo (okanye engalunganga). Umzekelo: Thatha inkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu azange idalwe. Ndiyakholelwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukuvumelana ngokubanzi kuya kuba kukuba ukuseka inkqubo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kuya kumela ngokufanelekileyo urhulumente ukugqitha imida yakhe kwaye isenzo esinjalo siya kudala inkuthazo egwenxa. "Kutheni ke aba bantu besebenza," kubuza lo mlinganiso wentelekelelo waseMelika, "xa benokuhlala ekhaya kwaye baqokelele iitshekhi zokhuseleko loluntu? Ezi mpikiswano mhlawumbi zibonakala zingaqhelekanga—mhlawumbi zide zingabi nanceba—ekuqaleni; kwaye yiloo nto kanye ingongoma.
Into endiyifumanayo ngamandla emimiselo-ukutyekela kwiiparamitha zangoku kunye nemilinganiselo yolawulo ukuchaza ngokufanelekileyo oko "kulungileyo" kunye noko "kulungile". Yintoni ekhoyo ngoku, yintoni ubudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi kukarhulumente kunye nabantu, kunempembelelo enkulu kwinto enokucingeleka kwiingqondo zabemi baseMelika abaqhelekileyo-okt. abantu abaNxele ekufuneka abakhathalele kakhulu. Kwimeko apho umzekelo wokhuseleko loluntu awuzange ubonise le ngongoma, qwalasela umba wokhathalelo lwempilo jikelele. Kukho amaqela amakhulu abantu abanokuthi baxhamle koku, kodwa babambe ngokuphakathi ukucenga, amaxesha amaninzi iingxoxo ezishushu ngokuchasene nayo. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba baphantsi kosulelo oluthile, icala lokubonelela? Mhlawumbi kwezinye iimeko, kodwa ubukhulu becala ndiyakholelwa ukuba inento yokwenza nokungakwazi kwaba bantu ukuyinxulumanisa nento esele ikhona. Yiyo loo nto abaninzi abahlalutyi (abanjengoPaul Krugman, umzekelo), xa besenza iingxoxo ezixhasa ukhathalelo lwempilo jikelele, baya kwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukwenza unxibelelwano kwiMedicare kunye neMedicaid. Ngoba? Kuba ezi nkqubo sele zikhona kwaye, ngokolwazi lwam lonke, andinayo imikhosi yabachasi abahamba besiya eWashington, befuna ukupheliswa kwayo kwangoko.
Ukutshintsha izithethe ngasekhohlo ngokufanelekileyo kubeka abo balondolozayo kwindawo engaqhelekanga. Kukho inyaniso eninzi xa i-leftist ichaza ukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi zembali, amaqela alondolozayo e-US "aye kwicala elingalunganga lembali", nokuba kukwimithetho yemisebenzi yabantwana, ukulawulwa kokutya kunye neziyobisi, ulwahlulo, kunye nobuninzi. eminye imiba. Umnqa kukuba ngoku abantu abalondolozayo baya kuyamkela lula le ngxoxo. Kodwa ekwamkeleni, baphantse bayamkela ngokungafihlisiyo loo mbali yaseU.S.—oko kukuthi. indlela yokutshintsha izithethe kuluntu lwethu—yayiyindlela emiselweyo, emiselwe, engenakuphepheka. Inyaniso, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba yayingenakuphepheka-yona kwenzeka. Kodwa ekwamkeleni kwabo, sinokubona imbono exabisekileyo: ukufa kwe-reactionary; ukufa kokukholelwa ukuba yonke ikhosi eyamiselwa yi-US inokuthi iphosakele ngokupheleleyo. Emva kokuba imile uvavanyo lwexesha, izithungelwe kubomi bemihla ngemihla (ingakumbi iklasi yabasebenzi) baseMelika, yaqondwa ngokubanzi kuqala njengengcamango "elungileyo" kunye / okanye "elungileyo", kwaye emva koko, ngokuqwalasela ngakumbi, njengoko. i Ku thintela umbono. Kwakhona, enoba yayiyintoni na imbambano, umphumo wayo waba—eneneni—awunakuphepheka nangayiphi na indlela. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayisisiphumo semizabalazo emikhulu, eyathatha ixesha elide eyathi, mhlawumbi ngenxa yenkxaso encinane, ulungelelwano oluncinane, kunye nokungabi namdla kangako, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yasilela. Ukuba bekunjalo, nayo ngeyaqondwa njengokusilela okungenakuphepheka. (Inxalenye yam iyakrokrela ukuba lo mcimbi ubuncinci usekelwe kwimvumelwano yentlalontle engachazwanga ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US, xa usenziwa kwixesha elide-o.k.t. ekuhambeni kwexesha lolawulo oluninzi, olukhokelwa ngoomongameli zombini amatheko—ayinakuba iphosakele. Ukuthetha ngenye indlela kuya kubonakala kukungathandi ilizwe, nto leyo engamkelekanga ngokubanzi eluntwini, ngaloo ndlela ibethelela le mvumelwano ngokungenasiphelo.)
Ke konke oku kunxulumana njani nobusoshiyali eU.S.? Inokufunyanwa njani iU.S. yobusoshiyali? Ewe kunjalo, akukho mntu-okanye ilula-impendulo ikhona, kodwa ndingatsho ukuba ukutshintsha umbindi wezopolitiko ngasekhohlo kubalulekile. Oko kukuthi, ukuqalisa iindlela ezintsha zobudlelwane boluntu kunye nentsebenziswano karhulumente ngenye imini ziya kubonakala ngokungathi ziziphumo ezingenakuphepheka; ezo zinto kufanele baye bahamba ngolo hlobo kuba ekugqibeleni "balungile" kwaye "balungile". Hayi indlela ebekuya kuba lula ngayo ukuxoxa ngeprojekthi yesizwe yezindlu nokutya xa ubani enokwalatha nje iprojekthi yokhathalelo lwempilo yesizwe enempumelelo! Kunokuba lula kangakanani ukuxoxa sixhasa inkqubo yezopolitiko, yezoqoqosho nentlalontle yesizwe (neyamazwe ngamazwe) echonga njengeyona njongo iphambili yokwandisa amandla oluntu xa sinokukhomba iinkqubo ezinempumelelo ezisebenzisa olu hlobo lolwimi kanye!
Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iNhlohlo linyanzelwa ukuba lenze uqhagamshelo olucekethekileyo-njengokukhomba kwiMedicare xa kuxoxwa ngokhuseleko lwezempilo. Kwaye ekusebenzeni nabantu abakhubazekileyo abakhubazekileyo iminyaka eliqela, ndiye ndadibana nolunye unxibelelwano olunomdla-nokuba luthe cwaka. Incwadana evela kwi-Ofisi yaseNew York State of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities (OMRDD) igxininisa imfuneko yokuba abantu ngabanye babe 'nesicwangciso sobomi' kwaye ikhuthaza "ukunceda abantu bafikelele kowona mgangatho wobomi uphezulu kwaye baphile ngokuzimeleyo nangemveliso kangangoko kunokwenzeka. ." Akuthathi ingqwalasela eninzi ukuqonda ukuba ezi njongo-ukuba zisetyenziswa jikelele kubantu abasebenza ngokupheleleyo (oko kukuthi, uluntu lulonke) -ziya kubonisa umngeni onzima kwi-capitalism. Njengoko uMichael Lebowitz uxoxile, "Ulwazi lweemfuno zethu kunye nobuchule bunamandla ngenxa yokuba luya kwingcambu, kubantu."[ii] Olu hlobo lolwazi kunye nesigama, ngeli xesha kanye, liphila kwaye lilungile kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zentlalontle ezibonelela ngononophelo kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Ngandlel’ ithile, kusafuneka sicinge ngokuzibamba kwimigangatho efanayo.
Enyanisweni, umntu unokuphikisa ukuba abantu abakhubazekileyo abekho 'kwibala lokudlala elilinganayo' elinabantu abadala abasebenza ngokupheleleyo (ngokungathi bonke abantu abadala abasebenza ngokupheleleyo bakwibala lokudlala elisemgangathweni), kwaye ke baqinisekisa olu hlobo lwenkxaso karhulumente. Kodwa kwakhona, khawufane ucinge ngehlabathi apho kwakungekho Medicaid okanye uKhuseleko lweNtlalo yokuxhasa ngemali lo rhulumente kunye neearhente ezingekho phantsi korhulumente. Impikiswano echaseneyo, kunokuba kuqikelelwe kwangaphambili, inokuba yinto ehambelana nemigca ethi, "Ewe, lihlazo malunga nabo bantu bakhubazekileyo, kodwa ayilotyala lomrhafi ukuba bazalwa ngolo hlobo. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukukhubazeka okunjalo isiphumo sokungakhathali kwabazali ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Urhulumente akafanelanga ukuba abeke ityala lokungakhathali kwabantu kunye neengxaki zobuqu." Uvakala ukhohlakele? Ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ngaba ngokwenene kukude kangako kwiimpikiswano esiziva mihla le kwimiba eyahlukahlukeneyo ejongene nolunye uhlobo lokungalingani? Kodwa kwakhona, into yokuba i-Medicaid kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo-kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, inani elikhulu lee-arhente ezinikezelwe ukubonelela ngononophelo kwaba bantu (kwakhona, ixhaswa ngemali yi-Medicaid, i-Medicare, kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo)-ziye zahlala ixesha elide ziyenze. kubonakala ngathi isenzo sikarhulumente kunye nabarhafi bazibandakanya ekwandiseni izakhono zabantu abakhubazekileyo. Ku thintela. Akukho mntu unokuba nobuganga bokuphikisa ngoku—nanjengoko ezi nkqubo zikarhulumente zisetyenziselwa inkxaso-mali ngoku kwaye zihlangabezana nemfuno ephezulu.
Xa sele kutshiwo, umqobo okhoyo kukuba kuphela unxibelelwano oluthe cwaka, ngamanye amaxesha oluluqilima lukhoyo ngoku (kungoko ndizama ukwenza ingxoxo yeSocialism ngokuthetha ngepesenti encinci yabemi ethathwa njengekhubazekileyo ngokukhula). Ke ngoko, ukwandisa inani lemidibaniso, ukuxhaphaka kolu nxibelelwano, nobunzulu bolu nxibelelwano kuya kwenza ukuba iingxoxo ezingasekhohlo zibe nentelekelelo ngakumbi njengoko uluntu lusiya lulwamkela ngakumbi ulwamkelo, kwaye ngenye imini—luya kuthi ngenye imini—lulwenze utshintsho kubusoshiyali ngokufanayo. ibingenakuphepheka.
Ngoko ke, isicwangciso kufuneka sahlule phakathi kwexesha elide kunye nexesha elifutshane. KumaSocialists, ndingathi, makubekho ugxininiso olumandla kumaphulo anenkqubela phambili, nokuba anokukhokelwa ngamaqela angengoSocialist. Olu loyiso lwexeshana elifutshane lunokunceda ukuguqula inqanawa yongxowankulu ngokutshintsha okwamkelekileyo, oko ‘kuqhelekileyo’, noko ‘kulungileyo’. Ke ngoko, ukuba ngasemva kumanyathelo "aluhlaza" anokuthi ngokuphandle okanye ngokucacileyo atyhafise/abeke ibala ukusetyenziswa kunokuba sisizathu esifanelekileyo samaSocialists, nokuba ezi ntshukumo zinokukhokelwa ngabo bangenawo ngabom amabhongo okuchasa ubungxowankulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba amaSocialists angazilibali iinjongo zawo zexesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko apho urhulumente eyila iinkqubo zokunceda abantwana bafumane imfundo esemgangathweni, sifanele silumke. Ngoxa abo bangasekhohlo besenokuwuxhasa ngokuqhelekileyo umsebenzi onjalo, amaSoshiyali afanele azibambe xa uhlobo loncedo lukarhulumente lubandakanya, ngokomzekelo, ukuhlawula abantwana imali ukuze baqhube kakuhle esikolweni, njengoko bekusenziwa kwizikolo zesiXeko saseNew York.[iii] Oku kuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo unqulo-mali kunye nokukhuthaza izinto eziphathekayo ukuba amaSocialists, kwixesha elide, kufuneka asebenze ngentliziyo epheleleyo ukuphelisa. Ke ngoko, ukuxhasa inkqubo enjalo kuya kuba nemveliso echaseneyo kwixesha elide. Yile ndlela kanye yecalculus ekufuneka i-socialists isebenze ngayo njengoko iqala ukubeka amandla amaninzi kumadabi amancinci, anokuphunyelelwa, ubuncinane kumphezulu, kunqabile ukuba kubonakale ngathi yi-Socialist ngokwendalo.
Kunjalo, abanye oososhiyali bayakuthiywa kwangaphambili kwesi sikhundla kangangoko bekuya kucotha ekuveliseni iziphumo ezinentsingiselo. Kodwa kwaba bantu mandiyithethe le nto: AmaSocialists mawenze ngengxoxo into eyenziwa ngukhapitali kangangeenkulungwane ngenkani, ngenkani nangokusasaza. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sizuze intembeko, intlonipho kunye nokunyaniseka, hayi kwabo bahleli phezulu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kodwa kuninzi oluthe kangangeenkulungwane zamkela igama ngalinye elishunyayelwa ngoongxowankulu njengevangeli kunye nokuqiqa, kwaye igama ngalinye silithetha njenge. uqhekeko nobungcatshi.
[i] Ukusuka kwi "Ikamva lephupha laseMelika", Wesizwe, 5/25/2009 inkupho, iphe. 13
[ii] Ukusuka "Yakha Ngoku" p.46
[iii] Umboniso ocacileyo wento endiyithethayo, omnye umxhasi wenkqubo ugqabaze, “Sikwibutho longxowankulu kwaye abantu bakhuthazwa yimali kuzo zonke iintlanga nakudidi luphela, ngoko kutheni kungenjalo? Iyafumaneka @http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/19/nyregion/19schools.html