Umthombo: Amaphupha aqhelekileyo
Inokwenzeka njani ukuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukhulu luneziseko ezingundoqo eziwohlokayo (โi-shabby ngaphaya kokukholelwaโ yindlela i-CEO yezoMthetho & Jikelele, inkonzo yemali yezizwe ngezizwe kunye nenkampani yolawulo lwe-asethi, ichaze emva ngo-2016), kwaye ibekwe kwisiqingatha esisezantsi samazwe akwinqanaba lesibini. , emva koqoqosho lwamandla eCyprus naseGrisi, kwi 2020 iSalathiso seNkcubeko yeNtlalo?
Yipolitiki, ubudenge!
I-United States kuphela kwelizwe lenkululeko-yedemokhrasi kwihlabathi elinenkqubo yezopolitiko emiselwe amaqela amabini aphambili, imbali ende neqhubekayo yokucinezelwa kwemanyano, kwaye ngaphandle kweqela elikhulu lobusoshiyali kwinqanaba likazwelonke. Enyanisweni, amazwe aqhuba kakuhle kwi-Index yeNkcubeko yeNtlalo aneenkqubo zamaqela amaninzi, imibutho yabasebenzi eqinile, i-plethora yamaqela asekhohlo, kwaye abambelele kwimodeli yentando yesininzi yentlalo.
Ngamanye amazwi, ezopolitiko zichaza ukuba kutheni iUnited States ingazange iphuhlise ilizwe lentlalontle yaseYurophu. Imiba yezopolitiko iphinda ichaze ukuba kutheni ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kukhulu kakhulu e-US kwaye umgangatho ophakathi uyancipha; kutheni umgangatho wenkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo yaseMelika ufile ekugqibeleni xa uthelekiswa namanye amazwe asentshona, ahambele phambili kwezoshishino; kutheni kukho izigidi zabantu abangenamakhaya; kwaye kutheni iziseko ezingundoqo zifana nelizwe lehlabathi lesithathu.
Umbuso wentlalontle waseMelika ulungelelaniswe ngokwemigaqo eyahlukeneyo (isebenza ikakhulu malunga nenkcitho yerhafu kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente noluntu lwabucala) kunelizwe lentlalontle kwezinye izizwe ezihambele phambili, ngenxa yokongamela kweendlela zokucinga ezigcinayo malunga nobudlelwane phakathi komntu kunye noluntu.
Nangona kunjalo, okokuqala kumashumi eminyaka amaninzi, ilizwe lijongene nethemba lokuhlengahlengiswa kwezinto eziphambili kurhulumente wobumbano, enkosi kwipakethe enkulu yenkcitho yoluntu ebandakanya ibhilidi yeziseko ezingundoqo kunye ne-550 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwinkcitho entsha kunye ne-3.5 yetriliyoni yeebhiliyoni zeedola ezicwangciselwe utyalo-mali. kwiinkqubo zentlalo kunye nokulwa nokufudumala kwehlabathi. USenni Bernie Sanders uye wachaza isicwangciso sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-3.5 yeetriliyoni zeerandi "njengeyona nxalenye yomthetho ibalulekileyo kubantu abasebenzayo, abantu abadala, abantwana, abagulayo kunye namahlwempu ukususela kwi-FDR kunye ne-New Deal ye-1930s," nangona ithandabuzeka kakhulu. ukuba inqanaba lenkxaso-mali yomthetho oyilwayo woxolelwaniso lanele ngokwaneleyo ukujongana neemfuno ezicinezelayo zelizwe. Kukho iNgxaki ngeMithetho eYilwayo yeziSeko ezinguNdoqo kunye noHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali-Bancinci Kakhulu (truthout.org) Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuvota emva kokuvota kubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu baseMelika bayayixhasa iphakheji yenkcitho yentlalontle yeBiden, Uninzi lwasemva lwebhili yeziseko ezingundoqo kunye nesicwangciso sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali: Uvoto (usatoday.com), nangona umlinganiselo wemvume kaMongameli wehla ngokukhawuleza Uvoto lubonisa ukureyithwa kokuvunywa kukaBiden ukuya kumazantsi amatsha- POLITICO kunye namaRiphabhlikhi anokuyijika iNdlu ngo-2022.
Kodwa ukuchasana okukhulu kuye kwaba, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, eyona nto iphambili kwezopolitiko zase-US, njengoko siza kubona ngezantsi.
Ngoku, kwimeko apho iiDemokhrasi zikwazile ukupasisa umthetho oyilwayo woxolelwaniso (abanokuthi bawenze ngomgaqo olula wesininzi), umnatha wokhuseleko lwentlalontle waseMelika ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kwandiswa, kodwa usaza kuwa phantsi ekuvaleni umsantsa ngenkululeko yayo yedemokhrasi. oontanga ngokubhekiselele kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela uluntu. Isizathu sesokuba urhulumente wentlalontle waseMelika ulungelelaniswe ngokwemigaqo eyahlukeneyo (isebenza ngokuyintloko malunga nenkcitho yerhafu kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente noluntu lwabucala) kunelizwe lentlalontle kwezinye izizwe ezihambele phambili, ngenxa yokongamela kweendlela zokucinga ezizinzileyo malunga nobudlelwane phakathi umntu ngamnye kunye noluntu (ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yempembelelo yendlela yokusebenza yobuProtestanti ejonge ngokukrokrelwa kuye nabani na ohlwempuzekileyo, kwaye ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yoqoqosho lwentengiso ekhululekileyo eyakhaba ngokupheleleyo indima karhulumente ekukhuthazeni intlalontle ngokubanzi), kodwa kwakhona ngenxa yokwahluka komanyano lwaseMelika.
Oorhulumente baseYurophu, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba basebenzisa imodeli ye-Nordic okanye i-Christian-Democratic socioeconomic model, baneenkqubo zentlalo ezininzi kakhulu kunezo zibonelelwa ngurhulumente wase-US (inkcitho iyonke kwiinzuzo zokukhusela uluntu kwi-EU ilingana no. malunga nama-27 epesenti ye-GDP, ngelixa e-US ingaphezulu nje kwe-18 lepesenti ye-GDP) kwaye bafikelela kwisabelo esikhulu kakhulu sabemi. Abantu baseYurophu bachitha izihlandlo eziliqela imali eninzi kwiinshorensi yokungaqeshwa, yaye oorhulumente babo babandakanyeka kwimithetho ethe ngqo ngakumbi ukuze bakhusele abasebenzi nxamnye neshishini.
Akumangalisi ke ngoko, nakwixesha le-neoliberalism yehlabathi, apho iinkqubo zentlalo ziphantsi kongqingo oluqhubekayo, urhulumente wentlalontle. ihleli imbono exatyiswa luninzi lwabantu baseYurophu nokuba bangathathi cala. Umzekelo, iNkonzo yezeMpilo yeSizwe ihlala ihleli njengeziko elizisa ibhongo ngakumbi kubantu baseBhritane, ngaphezulu kakhulu kunembali yaseBritane, uMkhosi oxhobileyo, kunye nosapho lwasebukhosini.
Ngokwenene, kwakutheni ukuze nabani na, ngaphandle kwabo bazizityebi kakhulu, ayichase ingcamango yokhathalelo lwempilo lwehlabathi lonke, singasathethi ke ngeholide njengelungelo eliqinisekiswa ngumthetho?
Kodwa masibuyele kwisicwangciso sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-Biden ye-3.5 yeetriliyoni zeedola, ebhengeza ixesha elitsha likarhulumente โomkhuluโ kwezopolitiko zase-US. Sele sisazi ukuba akukho Riphabhlikhi uya kuyixhasa. Abenzi bomthetho baseRiphabhlikhi bayakuchasa ukwandisa inkcitho yomanyano kwiinkqubo zentlalo, kodwa bayayixhasa inkcitho eyongezelelweyo kunyanzeliso lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nokhuselo. Kwaye bamanyene kumzamo wokukhusela ukucuthwa kwerhafu kaTrump, okuthetha ukuba bayasichasa isicwangciso seDemokhrasi sokunyusa irhafu kwiinkampani kunye nabatyebileyo kakhulu.
Xa ungacengcelezi iingxoxo zobuxoki malunga nokushota kunye namatyala ngokunxulumene nokunyuka kwenkcitho yomdibaniso, abantu baseRiphabhlikhi bebesoloko bechasa yonke inkqubo entsha yentlalontle ejolise kumahlwempu kunye nabantu abaphakathi ngezizathu ezicacileyo. Kubo, intlalontle ikhokelela ngokungathintelekiyo kubusoshiyali (kwaye, kuyisemkhulu we-neoliberalism, u-FA Hayek, kwi-totalitarianism), kodwa ngokwendalo bahlala bathi cwaka ngenkxaso enkulu karhulumente ethi ifumaneke kwishishini lemali xa ubutyebi babo buguquka bube muncu. Ingxaki yeNeoliberalism yokuBhailout | Uphononongo lweBoston Ngoko ke kulungile ukunika i-socialism kwizityebi. Kodwa ke kuye wonke umntu, ubukhapitali obukhohlakeleyo bufanele ukuba bube yinto yemihla ngemihla.
Ewe, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba kutheni uRonald Reagan echasa ukwenziwa kweMedicare ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960. Yena lumkisa ukuba ukuba ibiphunyeziwe, โemva kwayo kuya kuza ezinye iinkqubo zomanyano eziya kuhlasela yonke indawo yenkululeko njengoko besisazi kweli lizwe. De kube, ngenye imini, njengoko uNorman Thomas watshoyo, siya kuvuka sifumanise ukuba sinobusoshiyali.โ
Nangona kunjalo, ayingabo abenzi bomthetho baseRiphabhlikhi kuphela abachasayo iinkqubo zentlalontle. Iidemokhrasi ezibizwa ngokuba "ziphakathi" nazo zinembali embi yokuphosa imiqobo yendlela. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yayinguMongameli weDemokhrasi uBill Clinton owenze utshintsho olukhulu kumgaqo-nkqubo wentlalontle ukusukela kwi-Great Depression xa watyikitya uMthendeleko woMntu kunye noMthetho woXolelwaniso lweThuba lokuSebenza, oluye lwaphelisa intlalontle njengenkqubo yelungelo.
Njengoko izinto zimi, iiDemokhrasi โeziphakathiโ zeSenethi ezinjengoMancin ziya kuvuma kuphela kwithegi encinci yexabiso letyala loxolelwaniso kwaye ukuba akukho rhafu kwizityebi okanye amaqumrhu.
Kutheni uManchin, owayechasa uMthetho woMthetho waBantu, ethathe isikhundla esiqinileyo ngokuchasene nokuphelisa okanye ukuwenza buthathaka ifilibuster, kwaye ebesoloko esecaleni kweshishini, uthathwa ngamajelo eendaba kunye neengcali zezopolitiko kweli lizwe njengomntu ophambili okanye obizwa ngokuba Idemokhrasi โephakathiโ ngokuqinisekileyo iya kothusa nabani na ongaphandle kwe-United States. Kwinkcubeko yezopolitiko yamazwe aseYurophu, ukuma kukaManchin kwimiba ebaluleke kakhulu yezoqoqosho, yezentlalo, yezopolitiko neyendalo imbeka ngokuthe ngqo kwinkampu yokusabela. Wayeza kubonwa kwaye aphathwe njenge-right-winger.
Ngendlela efanayo, uninzi lwabo babizwa ngokuba "baqhubela phambili" abezomthetho e-US banokuthathwa "njengabaphakathi" kwezona nkalo zezopolitiko zaseYurophu. Umhleli weFinancial Times uRana Foroohar usenokuba uzibaxa izinto kancinci xa wayethetha kudliwanondlebe lwamva nje lwevidiyo ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo kaBernie Sanders imbeka โkufutshane nomndilili wakho weDemocrat yaseJamani,โ Ubudala bezoQoqosho kodwa hayi kakhulu xa siqwalasela into yokuba uBernie Sanders ulwela amalungelo ezoqoqosho nezentlalo asele ekhona kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu.
Inqaku elifanayo linokwenziwa ngokubhekiselele kwimeko kaxakeka yemozulu. Ngoxa abaninzi baseYurophu Kholelwa ingxaki yemozulu yinyani kwaye ibangelwa yimisebenzi yabantu, e-US kusekho ingxoxo malunga nokuba kwenzekani kwiplanethi kwaye kutheni, ngokuqinisekileyo Ichaza isizathu sokuba i-US isemva kakhulu kwiYurophu kwiinjongo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Nkqu iinkampani ze-oyile kunye negesi zaseYurophu ziphambi kweentshaba zazo e-US ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo ekuthengisweni kwamafutha efosili, kwaye benza utyalo-mali oluthe chatha kumandla ahlaziyekayo, ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nezinye izenzo zokukhupha ikhabhoni.
Zonke ezi ngasentla zidibene nohlobo lwezopolitiko ezikhoyo eYurophu kwaye, ngakumbi, kwimodeli yentlalontle yaseYurophu ngokugxininisa ekukhuselweni kwentlalontle, ipenshoni, iinkonzo zoluntu, amalungelo abasebenzi, umgangatho wemisebenzi, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo, nangona, kufuneka kuchazwe, imodeli yentlalo ihlaselwe ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-1980 kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iyancipha ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo ye-European Union ekhuthaza ukuphumelela kweemarike, ukukhululeka kunye nomthetho wokhuphiswano, ukuthengiswa kwezinto zabucala kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali.
Ngaphezu koko, akukho nanye kwezi zingasentla zenzelwe ukuhambisa ingcamango yokuba i-US kufuneka izame ukuxelisa i-European Social Model. Ngeli xesha lembali, i-US kufuneka yayame phambili kwindlela yophuhliso loqoqosho, ubulungisa bentlalo, kunye nozinzo lokusingqongileyo olwakhiwe malunga neSivumelwano esitsha seGreen. Esi sisicwangciso esinesibindi sokubuyisela uqoqosho lwase-US kunye nokuphelisa iigesi ze-greenhouse ezijongene nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Ukutshintshela kwi-100 lepesenti yemithombo yamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyiweyo ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kutshintsha ubuso โbobukapitali obukhoyo ngokwenene.โ
Okwangoku, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sigcine engqondweni izizathu zokuba kutheni i-US inesiseko sehlabathi lesithathu kwaye ibeka ngasemva kakhulu kuwo onke amanye amazwe ahambele phambili kwi-Social Progress Index. Kwaye masiyeke ukusebenzisa amagama angenantsingiselo ukuchaza imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nesimo sengqondo sabantu abafana noJoe Manchin. Oko kubizwa ngokuba โziimodareyithaโ zeDemokhrasi zimikhosi emnyama yezopolitiko ephuma ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo nakancinci kwimpendulo yeLungelo lezopolitiko.
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Nikela