PM Press isanda kukhutshwa Iingoma zeNkululeko: Incwadi kaJames Connolly yeeNgoma, ihlelwe nguMat Callahan, kunye nentshayelelo kaTheo Dorgan nangaphambili nguJames Connolly Heron.
UConnolly, wayeyinkokeli yoguqulo lwase-Ireland eyabulawa ngenxa yendima yayo kuVukelo lwePasika luka-1916. Wayekwangumvumi weengoma ozimiseleyo, ebhala iingoma ezininzi zenguqu kunye nokwazisa abanye abantu. Ngelixa inkumbulo yakhe kunye nomsebenzi wakhe ugcinwe kwingqondo edibeneyo kwiindawo ezithile - hayi i-Ireland - uninzi lwalo mzimba womsebenzi uye wasasazwa ukuba awukho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulahlekile ngokuthe ngqo.
Umculi-umbhali weengoma uMat Callahan usanda kugqiba iprojekthi edibanisa lo msebenzi kunye nevolumu enye kunye neCD yomculo ehamba kunye. UAaron Leonard usandul' ukubhalelana naye nge-imeyile embuza ngale projekthi.
Kwintshayelelo yakhe, imbongi kunye nombhali uTheo Dorgan ubhala athi, “Ingxaki ngoConnolly kwixesha lethu uye waba ngumfanekiso ongenanto, uhlobo lomfanekiso wezinyanya ngasekhohlo, ongenanto yokwenyani kwabaninzi ababiza igama lakhe ngaphandle nje kokuba ilitye lokuthintela ukuba semthethweni kuhlobo oluthile lwezopolitiko." Wayengubani uJames Connolly?
[UDorgan] ubhala ngokwembono yaseIreland apho indima kaConnolly kunzima ukuyihoya kunokuba inokuba kwenye indawo. Kwaye [uDorgan] unyanisile ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukusukela kwisimilo sikaConnolly, ukungonakali kwakhe kunye nenkalipho engumzekelo imenza ukuba abe “yinto engenakwenzeka” kwindawo yezopolitiko yanamhlanje enetyhefu. Ubunyani kunye nokungcatsha kulawula imeko kangangokuba uConnolly kufuneka abhalwe ngaphandle kwembali ngokupheleleyo okanye kufuneka enziwe ingcwele umntu anokuthi azivume kuye izono zakhe ngelixa eqhubeka nokuzenza.
Ngethamsanqa, sinemibhalo kaConnolly ngokwakhe yokugweba ukufaneleka kwakhe [kwaye] kukuchaneka kohlalutyo lukaConnolly kunye nokucaca kwengxoxo yakhe emenza abaluleke ngokwembali [nanjengomfanekiso] wemizabalazo yangoku neyexesha elizayo yenkululeko yoluntu.
UConnolly wayengumguquli kuba uhlaziyo lwaluthetha ukunikezela kubukhoboka obungapheliyo. Wayengumntu wobusoshiyali kuba ukwabiwa kobutyebi ngasese kwakuthetha ukungcoliswa kwabantu abathi enyanisweni bavelise obo butyebi. Kwaye wayengumntu wezizwe ngezizwe kuba ubuzwe babuxabanisa umsebenzi nomsebenzi, imeko awayibona kuqala e-Ireland yaye ngamandla angakumbi kutyelelo lwakhe eMelika.
UConnolly wayekrelekrele, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Uzalelwe kwintlupheko enzima e-Edinburgh, wazifundisa, kodwa waba sisifundiswa esibalulekileyo kunye nethiyori yezopolitiko. UConnolly naye wayengene nzulu kwizifundo zomzabalazo obambekayo wokulungelelanisa abasebenzi baseSkotlani, eNgilani yaye kamva, eIreland naseU.S.
Umfundi kaKarl Marx, uConnolly waqhubeka ngokuyila ukuhlalutya imeko i-Ireland ezifumene kuyo kwaye ichaza izikhundla malunga nenkululeko yesizwe ezazisaziwa, exela kwangaphambili ubukhulu becala, igagasi elikhulu leentshukumo zenkululeko ezatshayela ihlabathi emva kweWWII.
Njengoko intshayelelo iphawula ukuba ezinye zeengoma zine "imvakalelo ethambileyo" egxininiswe lixesha, kodwa uvakalelo luvakala kwaye kusekho amandla angundoqo. Umzekelo, "Ingoma yoMvukeli" intle ngokuthe ngqo, xa ethetha "Ingoma yothando nentiyo," kodwa umgca owabamba ingqalelo yam kulapho ebhala khona ukuba izandla zokunyoluka zithi, "Zolulelwe ukuphanga abaphilayo kunye nentshatsheli." abafileyo." Kuvakala ngathi wayeyiqonda into ethile malunga nendlela i-capitalism esebenza ngayo.
Yintoni eyazisa ukubhala kwakhe kwaye wayibona njani indima yengoma, xa uthelekisa nendlela esiyibona ngayo namhlanje?
UConnolly wakhuthazwa kukubandakanyeka kwakhe kwi-IWW [Industrial Workers of the World]. Ukusetyenziswa kweengoma kuye kwaba yintsika yomsebenzi oququzelela abasebenzi bezizwe ngezizwe ngeelwimi ezininzi baseU.S. Ukwahlukana kweelwimi kunokoyiswa ngumculo; Umanyano nomoya wokulwa unokukhuthazwa ngabantu abacula kunye.
I-Connolly ivelise imvelaphi Iingoma zeNkululeko ngoxa sasiseNew York, ngowe-1907 [kwaye] kwakukule ncwadi yeengoma apho kwatsalwa esona sibhengezo sidumileyo sikaConnolly ngokuphathelele umculo, undoqo wawo wawukukuba, akukho ntshukumo yoguquko ifanelwe leli gama inokubakho ngaphandle kobubongo bayo. Ngaphandle kokucula ngovuyo, nendelelo yimfundiso yabambalwa kungekhona ukholo lwabaninzi.
Uzibandakanye njani kule projekthi kwaye uye wagqiba njani ukutyhila kunye nokuqulunqa zonke ezi zinto?
Inguqulelo emfutshane kukuba bendifuna ukubhiyozela usuku lwam lokuzalwa lwama-60 ngokucula iingoma zenguqu. Ndandineqela labahlobo baseIreland kunye neenkumbulo ezimnandi zikaJames Connolly kwasebutsheni bam. Utata wam wesibini wayemxabisile uConnolly, ebethelela kum ukubaluleka kweembono zikaConnolly.
Ngoko, ndazama ukufumana Iingoma zeNkululeko kuphela ukuxelelwa ngumthengisi weencwadi kwi-County Mayo ukuba andiyi kuyifumana. Waba ngowokuqala ukucacisa ukuba ekuphela kwemibhalo eyayikho yayikwiNational Library yaseIreland. Ke, ndithenge eyona nto ilandelayo, eyayiyiyo Ingoma kaJames Connolly epapashwe yi-Cork Workers’ Club ngowe-1972 yaza yaphinda yashicilelwa ngowe-1980. Imibhalo kule ngqokelela yayiyeyona nto sasisekelwe kuyo ubuninzi benkqubo.
Kukho amawaka eengoma zotshintsho lwaseIreland, kodwa [sibone] kubalulekile ukuba sigxile kwiConnolly. Oku kungenxa yokuba sasingafuni ukubheka phambili kwi-Ireland engazange ibekho kwaye ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba phantsi kweemeko zangoku ukuxilongwa kukaConnolly kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo zaseIreland zifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Luhlobo luni lokusabela olufumanayo kule ncwadi, eIreland nakwezinye iindawo?
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, intle kakhulu. Nokuba umntu unokucinga ntoni na ngeembono zikaConnolly, isibakala sokuba okubhalwe kule ncwadi kuxabiseke kakhulu kugcino-mpepha kwaye phantse akufumaneki kangangenkulungwane sibalulekile. Nokuba umdla womntu uphelele kwimbali yaseIreland okanye yaBasebenzi, okanye mhlawumbi, ingoma edumileyo kwiintshukumo zezopolitiko, kukho imathiriyeli ebalulekileyo apha ebekuya kuba nzima ukuyifumana.
Noko ke, olona vavanyo lokwenene luya kuba yindlela abantu abaselula abakufumana ngayo oku. Nangona incwadi yengoma ibalulekile ngokwembali ngokwayo, imfuno engxamisekileyo yokuba izizukulwana ezitsha zityhile izimvo zikaConnolly kwaye zijijisane nazo inkulu ngakumbi. Kukamsinyane ukutsho kodwa ndinethemba lokuba umdla onjalo uya kucinywa.
Kwakutheni ukuze ukhethe ukuquka "Ingoma yoMvukelo" kunye no "Shake Your Banners" kwiCD kwaye yayiyintoni imingeni ekuguquleleni?
Kwafuneka sicinge ngeengxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo xa sikhetha iingoma. Enye yayisisithintelo sexesha [kunye nezinye] zomculo ohlukeneyo kunye nemixholo. Eyesithathu yayiyindlela yokwenza iingoma "zicule" ngabantu namhlanje-ingakumbi abo bangazange beve ngoConnolly.
Kukho iingoma ezili-19 zikaConnolly kwi Ingoma kaJames Connolly. Siyicuthe ukuya kutsho kwiingoma ezili-13, ezisibhozo nguConnolly, ezintathu malunga noConnolly kunye nenye, "Indwe eBomvu," eyayinguJim Connell kwaye yayikwimvelaphi. Iingoma zeNkululeko.
Saba nengxaki yokukhetha phakathi kweengoma ezinemixholo efanayo. Ukukhangela owona mbandela ubanzi unokwenzeka kwakuthetha ukukhetha ukungazenzi iingoma ezithile ngenxa yokuba [beziphindaphinda]. Kodwa "Ingoma yemvukelo" bendisazi ukuba lelinye lawona magama adumileyo kaConnolly. "Vuthulula iiBhana Zakho," yayisisihloko nje esichukumisayo, esivuselelayo esindenze ndaqalisa kumculo othile.
Sikude ukusuka ku-1902; akukho ntshukumo yabasebenzi boguquko, imbono yombutho wobusoshiyali buyeke ubukomanisi bujongelwa phantsi xa bungakhange buhoywe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye nezona mpembelelo zinamandla namhlanje zithethelela “i-anti-capitalism” esoloko ithetha uhlaziyo olugqibeleleyo endaweni yokupheliswa korhulumente. Ubugqwirha obupheleleyo boqokelelo lwexabiso lentsalela ecwangcisiweyo.
Ngamanye amazwi kubonakala ngathi akukho ndlela yimbi eyophula neyongamileyo. Ke uJames Connolly kufuneka asifundise ntoni ngo-2013?
Ngokwenyani, uConnolly ebejongene nemiqobo eyoyikisayo kunale sijongene nayo namhlanje. Wayekwimida yombutho wobusoshiyali kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yokuxhasa inguqu engenye yemfazwe yama impiriyali.
Ngapha koko, uhlalutyo olwamkhokelela ekuqaliseni i-Easter Rising - eyayigwetyiwe kwasekuqaleni - yayinombono kwaye yayiqondwa kancinci ngelo xesha okanye ukusukela. UConnolly wayephakathi kwabambalwa abaqondayo ukuba uBukhosi baseBritani babunokucelwa umngeni kuphela xa babuzixakekise ngemfazwe phakathi kwama impiriyali. [Wayeyisekile] ukuba kwakungenxa yezilangazelelo zoyena nobangela mkhulu wokukhululwa komntu ukuba kwenziwe iinzame nokuba zazinokusilela.
Ndiqinisekile ukuba wayenyanisile. Ngaphezu koko, ndiqinisekile ukuba nabani na ofunda inkqubo yeIrish Socialist Republican Party yowe-1896 [ecatshulwe kwintshayelelo] uya kuzibona izicombululo ezisebenzisekayo kwiingxaki zangoku zaseIreland. Ukususela ekuphelisweni kweebhanki zabucala ukuya kwimfundo yasimahla yendalo iphela kwinqanaba lekholeji, kukho imigaqo-nkqubo ebambekayo eya kuhamba indlela ende ekuphuculeni ubomi bomntu oqhelekileyo waseIreland namhlanje.
Okubaluleke nangakumbi kukuba uConnolly wadibanisa ukuzinikela kwabaphengululi kutshintsho lwembali kunye nokukwazi ukunxibelelana ngokucacileyo nabantu abasebenzayo. Iphulo lakhe lokufumana inyaniso alizange limenze isifundiswa esizimele geqe. Wabhala ngamandla, kodwa wazisa le mibhalo ngqo kubasebenzi-isifundo ngokuqinisekileyo esinokusifunda namhlanje.
Umbono kaConnolly wekamva, ngelixa wawungaphelelanga ngokuqinisekileyo, nangona kunjalo wawukhuthaza. Ekuhloniphekeni kweenjongo zayo yabamba amandla okuhlala ebantwini nakumzabalazo wethu. UConnolly wafumana inyaniso phakathi kwamabhodlo eenkulungwane zokuchasa, imvukelo kunye nemvukelo.
Inkululeko yomntu inokwenzeka kodwa yenziwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngamandla ethu okubona ihlabathi elilunge ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngokuqhubekayo siphakamise imiba esisiseko yolingano, ubulungisa kunye nomanyano lwabantu njengomlinganiselo wezenzo zethu kunye nezo zabantu abathi bamele thina.
Ukubamba wonke umntu kule migangatho akungombuzo wokuziphatha kuphela kodwa ngomnye wentsingiselo ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni ukuba leliphi ikhondo elimele lithathwe nangaliphi na ixesha. Yile nto kufuneka uConnolly asifundise yona namhlanje.
Mat Callahan yimvumi kunye nombhali osuka eSan Francisco, apho waseka iKomotion International. Ungumbhali weencwadi ezintathu, Ukwabelana ngesondo, ukuFa kunye nomfana onomsindo, ubungqina, kwaye Ingxaki Ngomculo. Ngoku uhlala eBern, eSwitzerland.
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Nikela