Umthombo: Amaphupha aqhelekileyo
Kwiminyaka engama-20 ukusukela kuhlaselo lwe-11 kaSeptemba, urhulumente wase-United States uchithe ngaphezulu kwe-21 yeetriliyoni zeedola ekhaya naphesheya kwemigaqo-nkqubo yezomkhosi ekhokelele ekudalweni kwezixhobo ezinkulu zokujonga, ukuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi, ukuqinisa imfazwe kubahlali basemzini, kwaye kubangele ukubandezeleka okungathethekiyo kwabantu e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, eYemen, eLibya, eSomalia nakwezinye iindawo.
"Ukuphela kwemfazwe e-Afghanistan kubonisa ithuba lokuphinda sityale kwiimfuno zethu zokwenyani."
-Lindsay Koshgarian, iProjekthi yeSizwe ePhambili
Ngoku ka Imeko yokungaqiniseki: Iindleko zoMkhosi ukusukela nge-9/11 (pdf), ingxelo ekhutshwe ngolwesiThathu yiProjekthi kaZwelonke ePhambili, urhulumente wase-US ebizwa ngokuba "yiMfazwe yobugrogrisi" uye "waphinda wayenza i-US yaba ngumdlali wezomkhosi kwihlabathi liphela nasekhaya" ngokugalela izixhobo ezininzi kwiPentagon. , ukuthotyelwa komthetho we-federal, kunye neSebe lezoKhuseleko lweLizwe (DHS), i-arhente esekelwe ekuphenduleni ukuhlaselwa kwe-11 Septemba.
Ikhutshwe emva kokurhoxiswa kokugqibela kwemikhosi yase-US e-Afghanistan emva kwamashumi amabini eminyaka yemfazwe etshabalalisayo kunye nokuhlala, ingxelo entsha ithi ukuthathwa kweTaliban ngokukhawuleza kwelizwe "kuphakamisa imibuzo enzulu malunga notyalo-mali lwasemkhosini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku."
"Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo, sathenjiswa ngombono weMfazwe yoBugrogrisi engazange yenzeke: ukuba i-Afghanistan ayizukuba ngumgxobhozo, okanye ukuba iMfazwe yase-Iraq iya kudlula 'kwiiveki ezintlanu okanye iintsuku ezintlanu okanye iinyanga ezintlanu' kwaye ixabisa nje iibhiliyoni ezingama-60 zeerandi,โ itsho njalo le ngxelo. "Njengoko ilizwe lalisiya emfazweni kwaye liphinde lajongana nenkcitho yokhuseleko lwasekhaya kubunqolobi, bambalwa ababenombono wokufikelela kude emkhosini, amagqala, ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, okanye umthetho wasekhaya."
IProjekthi ePhambili kaZwelonke (NPP), inyathelo leZiko leZifundo zoMgaqo-nkqubo, iqikelela ukuba kwi-21 yeetriliyoni zeedola zase-US ezatyala imali โkwimfazwe yangaphandle neyasekhayaโ emva kwe-11 kaSeptemba 2001, i-16 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola yaya emkhosini, i-$ 3. iitriliyoni kwiinkqubo zamagqala, i-949 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuya kwi-DHS, kunye ne-732 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunyanzeliso lomthetho.
Ukongeza ekubambisani ukufa kunye nentshabalalo phesheya, ingxelo entsha igxininisa ukuba inkcitho kwiimfazwe zaphesheya inyuse umkhosi wasekhaya, yenza amapolisa. ukuqhekeka kwimpikiswano ekhaya kunobundlobongela ngakumbi.
"Kukho ubungqina bokuba iMfazwe yoBugrogrisi iqhubele ukudluliselwa kwezixhobo zomkhosi emapoliseni, njengoko kuphelile kwaye iPentagon ijonge ukuhlukana nezixhobo ezishiyekileyo," utshilo uhlalutyo. โUdluliselo ngo-2010, xa umkhosi wawusabandakanyeke nzulu kwiMfazwe yobugrogrisi, yafikelela kwizigidi ezingama-30 zeedola. Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, i-US yakhupha imikhosi e-Iraq, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo zomkhosi kwanda, kwafikelela kwi-386 yezigidi zeerandi kwi-2014. Namhlanje, ukudluliselwa kusekho phezulu kakhulu kunokuba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni kweMfazwe yoBugrogrisi, i-152 yezigidi zeedola kwi-2020 kwaye. I-101 yezigidi zeedola kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2021. "
ULindsay Koshgarian, umlawuli wenkqubo ye-NPP kunye nombhali okhokelayo wengxelo entsha, wathi kwi- mazwi NgoLwesithathu ukuba "utyalo-mali lwethu lwe-21 yeetriliyoni zeedola emkhosini lubize ngaphezulu kweedola."
โKulahlekele ubomi babemi kunye nemikhosi elahlekileyo emfazweni, kwaye ubomi buphelile okanye buqhekezwe kukufuduka kwethu okukhohlakeleyo kunye nokohlwaya, amapolisa, kunye neenkqubo zokuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi,โ utshilo uKoshgarian. Okwakalokunje, siye satyeshela okuninzi koko sikudinga ngokwenene. Umkhosi womkhosi awusikhuselanga kubhubhani othe ngokubi kakhulu wathatha u-9/11 yonke imihla, kwintlupheko kunye nokungazinzi okuqhutywa kukungalingani okumangalisayo, okanye kwizitshingitshane kunye nemililo yasendle eyenziwe mandundu kukutshintsha kwemozulu. โ
Ngokwengxelo entsha, bekuya kuba neendleko ezingaphantsi kwe-21 yeetriliyoni zeedola ukuba i-US yenze utyalo-mali olukhulu kwintshukumo yemozulu kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili eziphambili kwihlabathi nasekhaya. Njengoko uhlalutyo luphawula:
- I-4.5 yeetriliyoni zeedola inokukhupha ngokupheleleyo igridi yombane yase-US;
- I-2.3 yeetriliyoni zeedola inokudala imisebenzi ezizigidi ezihlanu zeedola ezili-15 ngeyure kunye neenzuzo kunye nohlengahlengiso lweendleko zokuphila iminyaka eli-10;
- I-1.7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi inokucima ityala lomfundi;
- I-449 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi inokuqhubeka neTyala yeRhafu yoMntwana eyandisiweyo eminye iminyaka eli-10;
- I-200 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi inokuqinisekisa isikolo samabanga aphantsi sasimahla kumntu ngamnye oneminyaka emi-3 kunye-nemi-4 iminyaka eli-10, kwaye inyuse umvuzo wootitshala; kwaye
- I-25 yeebhiliyoni zeedola inokubonelela ngogonyo lwe-Covid kubemi bamazwe anengeniso ephantsi.
Ingxelo ye-NPP yapapashwa kwangolo suku lunye neProjekthi yeeNdleko zeMfazwe yeYunivesithi yaseBrown yakhupha entsha uhlalutyo Ukuqikelela ukuba iimfazwe ezikhokelwa yi-US emva kwe-9/11 e-Iraq, Afghanistan, nakwezinye iindawo ziye zabulala ubuncinci abantu be-929,000 - inani elithathwa ngokuba "liphantsi kakhulu" -kwaye lixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-8 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola.
"Ukuphela kwemfazwe e-Afghanistan kubonisa ithuba lokuphinda sityale kwiimfuno zethu zokwenyani," utshilo uKoshgarian ngoLwesithathu. โKwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ukususela ngoku, singaphila kwihlabathi elenziwe lakhuseleka ngakumbi ngotyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo, ekudaleni imisebenzi, inkxaso yeentsapho, impilo yoluntu, kunye neenkqubo ezintsha zamandla, ukuba sizimisele ukujonga izinto eziza kuqala kuthi.โ
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela