Kunyaka ophelileyo, njengoko ukuwa kwebhabhu yezindlu kwakusongela ukuguqula i-Wall Street ibe yizoqoqosho zangaphambili zamashishini, abaninzi abahlalutyi bezemali abakhokelayo babegxeka abathengisi abafutshane ngokudilika. Baye baxoxa ukuba iziseko zeshishini lezemali zazilungile. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba abathengisi abafutshane ababi baye badibanisa ukutyhala ixabiso le-stock ye-Bear Stearns, uFannie Mae, uFreddie Mac, i-AIG kunye nabanye kwindlu yangasese. Ekuphenduleni esi sikhalo, iKhomishoni yezoKhuseleko kunye noTshintshiselwano ngokwenene yathatha amanyathelo okunciphisa ukunqongophala kwempahla yemali.
Njengoko kufuneka kucace kakhulu xa kujongwa, ingxaki yayingekho iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane. Ingxaki yayikukuba abahlekisi ababeqhuba la maziko ngandlelโ ithile basilela ukubona elona qamza likhulu kwimbali yehlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, baye benza ukubheja okukhulu okuye kwahamba kakubi, kwaye baqhubela iinkampani zabo ebhankini.
Abafutshane bebesenza inkonzo yoluntu enexabiso ekutsaleni ingqalelo kwimeko yemali embi yezi nkampani. Ngexesha apho uSihlalo weBhodi yeFederal Reserve uBen Bernanke kunye nonobhala kaNondyebo uHenry Paulson babegxininisa ukuba yonke into ilungile, kwaye iiarhente zokulinganisa ibhondi zazisikelela yonke into ebonakala ngathi yimali-mboleko, abafutshane babexelela uluntu ukuba sonke isihogo. yayiza kuqhawuka. Kwaye ke, babenyanisile.
Kubekho uxabiso olwaneleyo lwendima entle edlalwe ngabafutshane kweli bali. Ngabo abathe ngempumelelo bafikelela esiphelweni iqela eliqikelelwayo. Ngokulahla iibhondi kunye nokuthenga utshintshiselwano lwetyala lokusilela kwityala lezigebenga zemali ezigulayo, ukongeza ekunciphiseni isitokhwe sabo, abafutshane benza ukuba kube nzima ukuba ezi nkampani ziqhubeke neendlela zazo zokungakhathali.
Ewe abafutshane babengazami ukwenza inkonzo yoluntu. Babezama ukwenza imali. Nangona kunjalo, ekufuneni inzuzo, benza oko i-Fed yasilela ukukwenza: bazisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuyingozi kwi-bubble yezindlu ekupheleni.
Oku kubalulekile ukuqondwa kuba ukunqunyulwa kuyaqhubeka ukubanjwa ngokungathandekiyo nangona iifutshane zonyaka ophelileyo zingqinwe ngokupheleleyo ziziganeko. Ukunciphisa kudla ngokubhidaniswa kunye nokuguqulwa kwempahla - ukurhweba ngamabomu ngendlela yokuhambisa imarike.
Ukuphathwa kwempahla akukho mthethweni kwaye kufuneka kohlwaywe, kodwa akukho sizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu kwicala elifutshane kunecala elide. Ngamanye amazwi, akukho sizathu sokukholelwa ukuba abahwebi abakhulu basebenzisa ukuthengisa okufutshane ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze basebenzise amaxabiso esitokhwe kunokuba basebenzisa ukuthenga ukuxhaphaza amaxabiso esitokhwe. Yinkolelo nje le. Kwaye i-stock-valued value ye-stock value ayinqweneleki ngaphezu kwexabiso elingaphantsi kwexabiso. Abarhwebi abanyusa ixabiso lesitokhwe ngokukhohlisa benza yonke into eyingozi njengabo bacinezela ixabiso lesitokhwe ngokukhohlisa ecaleni elifutshane.
Xa kufikwa kuqoqosho lokushokoxeka, ayingomfanekiso wabantu abamfutshane kuphela obambekayo. Inxalenye yebali lohlangulo lwebhanki olwenziwe yiBernanke, uPaulson, i-Geithner crew kukuba benze iingxilimbela ezigulayo ezimfutshane zibe ngumsebenzi oyingozi. Ngokusebenzisa iidola zabarhafi ukugcina ezi zibhemo zibhabha, baye babheja ngokuchasene neCitigroup, iGoldman kunye nezinye eziyingozi kakhulu.
Njengomphumo we-bailouts, ukuba umrhwebi uyaqaphela ukuba i-Goldman igcwalise iincwadi zayo ngokubheja okubi okanye ukuba uJP Morgan umi ukuba athathe ukubetha kwi-real estate yorhwebo, usenokungafuni ukunqumla i-stocks yenkampani ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuba uBernanke. kwaye uGeithner uya kubanika imali efunekayo ukwenza ilahleko yabo. Lo ngomnye umba wengxaki eyingozi yokuziphatha eyenziwe luhlangulo. Inceda ukujongela phantsi enye yeendlela ezimbalwa zentengiso ezinokuthintela okanye ubuncinane ukunciphisa elinye iqamza eliyingozi.
Xa ukuwa kukaLehman kwabeka inkqubo yezemali yelizwe emngciphekweni, urhulumente wayenenkxalabo ezimbini. Enye yayikukugcina inkqubo yezemali isebenza ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo kuqoqosho. Enye ibikukukhusela umdla weebhanki ezinkulu kunye nabaphathi bazo abaphezulu. Ilizwe lalingenasizathu sokukhusela ubutyebi namandla eli qela: aba yayingabantu abasizisele le ntlekele.
Ngelishwa, i-Fed kunye neNondyebo igxile ekukhuseleni iibhanki ezinkulu. Ngenxa yoko, iibhanki zisaqhutywa ngabantu abazizityebi ngokugqithisileyo kwaye, ukuba kukho nantoni na, mhlawumbi zikwimeko engcono yokukhuthaza amaqamza aqikelelwayo kwixesha elizayo. Kwaye amandla entengiso anokuthi ngokomgaqo alawule ukugqithisa okucingelwayo, njengokuthengisa okufutshane, abuthathaka kunangaphambili.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela