UGerardo Rojas yi-Chavista esekwe eBarquisimeto ngokwengqondo kunye zebloga. Umsebenzi wakhe njengomququzeleli waqala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, xa wayesesikolweni esiphakathi. Kamva kuloo minyaka elishumi, uRojas wathatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi wesakhiwo kwi-barrio apho wazalelwa khona, eyaba liziko loluntu kwaye kamva, kwi-1998, irediyo yokuqala yoluntu eVenezuela. URojas wayengomnye wabaseki be Amazwi angxamisekileyo ngo 2002, unxibelelwano oluhlangeneyo, kwaye inxaxheba kumbutho enye communes zasezidolophini yokuqala, Ataroa Socialist Commune, ngo 2007. Kutshanje, ube ngusekela-mphathiswa kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ugxininise kumbandela woluntu kunye nombutho odumileyo, uphonononga ulungelelwaniso lwemikhosi kunye nokuzisa phambili ingxoxo malunga nemisebenzi engekapheli yentshukumo edumileyo. Omnye wemisebenzi oyichongayo kukuvusa isiphakamiso esisisiseko sikaChavez, ebusweni bemisinga ye-hegemonic kurhulumente. Urhulumente kungoku nje uphakamisa ukuba indlela yokuphuma kule ngxaki iza kufezekiswa ngongxowankulu obuninzi endaweni yokwanda koluntu kunye nobusoshiyali.
Kum, i-Chavismo yindlela yokucinga ka-Comandante Chavez, eyathi ngokwayo isekelwe kwizinto ezinomdla kunye namava entshukumo edumileyo kunye nabantu abasebenzayo, kodwa yakhula kwiinguqu zehlabathi, kunye nokucinga, ithiyori kunye nokucinga. Khohlo.
Izinto ezintathu zidibanisa indlela acinga ngayo. Eyokuqala yile Incwadi eBlue [incwadi emfutshane eyabhalwa ngo-1991 nguHugo Chavez, apho athi thaca iimbono zakhe ngembali nedemokhrasi]; eyesibini ngu UAlo Presidente uTeorico Nยฐ 1 [intetho ka-2009]; eyesithathu ke ngulo Ukubetha kwiHelm intetho [2012]. Kwezo ziganeko zintathu zibalulekileyo, asifumani ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwekhwelo lokuzilawula, idemokhrasi ethe ngqo, ulawulo loluntu kwinqanaba loluntu, kunye nophuhliso kwinqanaba lommandla okanye lendawo. Ukanti sikwafumana isishwankathelo senkqubo yesizwe eya kuhlanganisa konke oku.
Ngezo zinto zikhoyo, akunzima ukubona ukuba yeyiphi na indlela esifanele siyilandele kumzabalazo wethu, umendo wesenzo esithandwayo esihamba kunye nemodeli yolawulo ezinikele ekuthatheni inxaxheba kunye nedemokhrasi ye-protagonist, nto leyo kuthi eyenye ngaphandle kweBolivarian. isoshiyali. Leyo yinxalenye yelifa likaChavez.
Xa umntu efunda Incwadi eBlue, eyandulela uloyiso lukaChavez lolonyulo [1998], umntu uyamangaliswa kukufumana idemokhrasi ethe ngqo, ethatha inxaxheba kunye nokuzilawula kumbindi wayo. Sithetha ngeminyaka yoo-1990 โ kulapho uChavez wayibhala khona. Idemokhrasi ethe ngqo kunye nokuzilawula, zazisoloko zisembindini weNguquko yaseBolivarian. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, amava, umkhuba wokulawula, ukuvela kweengxabano zangaphakathi, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kunye nokungaphumeleli, isindululo safumana ukuchaneka kwaye saba yiprojekthi edibeneyo echazwe ngokupheleleyo.
Kamva, kwi UAlo Presidente uTeorico Nยฐ 1 intetho, sinokubona uChavez edibanisa isiphakamiso esivuthiweyo. Le ntetho ichukumisa amava awahlukahlukeneyo adumileyo, iqala ngele Mesas Tecnicas de Agua [imibutho ekwinqanaba le-barrio lokufumana ufikelelo kumanzi abalekayo] kunye Iinkampani zaseTierra Urbana [IiKomiti zeMihlaba yasezidolophini, ezasekwa ngeentsuku zokuqala zeNkqubo yeBolivarian ukusokola ukufumana amatayitile omhlaba asezidolophini]. Nangona kunjalo, kule ntetho, sifumana umtsi obalulekileyo obheke phambili kwisindululo malunga nombutho wommandla kunye norhulumente odumileyo. Isindululo esitsha siphuma kumava embali, kunye namava abambekayo, angoko nangoko: i pueblo sele ibonisile amandla ayo okuququzelela kumabhunga oluntu, ivula ithuba lokwenyani lolawulo olusebenzayo noluselubala kunye nolawulo oludibeneyo. Ukubanakho ukuya phambili, ngoku kuqaqambile kwisiphakamiso se-commune.
Ukongeza kwi UAlo Presidente uTeorico Nยฐ 1 Intetho ebalaseleyo, sikwanayo nentetho yokugqibela yezopolitiko kaChavez, itestamente asishiyayo ngaphambi kokuba aye eCuba ukuya kujongana neengxaki ezinzulu zonyango. Leyo yintetho eyaziwa ngokuba Ukubetha kwiHelm, awathi wayinikela kwintlanganiso yokuqala yekhabhinethi kamsinya nje emva konyulo luka-2012 kwaye yasasazwa esidlangalaleni kwilizwe lonke. Apho uChavez waligxeka kabukhali iqela lakhe labaphathiswa kunye neendlela zabo zolawulo. Kodwa akazange ababuze nje abaphathiswa, wenze nezindululo ezibambekayo, esekwe kumava adibeneyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwaye nangokusekwe kuhlalutyo lwakhe, kwaye ethathela ingqalelo ukudityaniswa kwemikhosi ngelo xesha.
Abaninzi abathetha ngayo Ukubetha kwiHelm nciphisa umda wayo kwisilogeni esithi "I-Commune okanye akukho nto", kwaye eyona nto ingundoqo - sesinye sezivakalisi ezenza ngcono ukucinga kuka-Chavez - kodwa "i-Commune or nothing" yayisele ikhona UAlo Presidente uTeorico Nยฐ 1, apho ii-communes zaye zathathwa njengesiseko sophuhliso lwendawo yobusoshiyali. Nangona kunjalo, i-commune njengoko ibonakalisiwe Ukubetha kwiHelm idlula ingaphambili, isindululo nje sendawo, kwaye ubungakanani bayo ngoku bukazwelonke. Ke, uChavez ngoku wazisa iindlela zezopolitiko, ezolawulo, kunye nolungelelwaniso lweziko malunga nomba ophambili wokucwangcisa ukusuka kwindawo yoluntu ("indawo yokuhlala" njengoko ichaziwe ethandwayo amandla Imithetho) ukuya kwinqanaba lesizwe.
Kule ntetho, uChavez uthetha ngeemodyuli ezahlukeneyo, iiyunithi zemimandla, kunye nezigaba zophuhliso oludumileyo. Uthetha ngokulukwa kwe-socialism kwilaphu lelizwe lonke, kunye ne-commune njengesiseko, kunye nokuvela koqoqosho olusekelwe kwipropathi yoluntu. Ngoko ke, ngaphakathi Ukubetha kwiHelm, uChavez uyazivuma iingxaki kwaye wenza igalelo, njengoko besenditshilo, ukuthabatha lula icommune njengeprojekthi kuzwelonkeโฆ Ukwanombono weprojekthi ekhulayo ukusuka kwibhunga loluntu ukuya kuluntu, ukuya kwizixeko zoluntu, kwaye nasemva koko. kwizithili zophuhliso kunye namazembe ophuhliso yonke indlela ukuya kurhulumente woluntu. Ngamanye amazwi, uChavez ucinga ngenkqubo ehamba ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwingingqi kwaye emva koko ukuya kuzwelonke, eqonda ukuba ukucwangcisa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukudityaniswa kweeprojekthi zengingqi zamandla athandwayo (ii-communes) kunye noorhulumente bommandla kunye nokazwelonke kufuneka bahambe kwingxoxo yedemokhrasi apho kukho inkqubo yokucwangcisa kwaye abantu bayavumelana ngeenjongo. Kungenxa yoko le nto Isicwangciso seLizwe [2012] ikwasisitshixo ekuqondeni isindululo soluntu. Sisikhokelo senkqubo edityanisiweyo yokucwangcisa kunye nokwenza, apho ukucinga kwenguqu kunye neprojekthi yezopolitiko zixhamla kwisicwangciso.
Ngaba unokuthi ngaphakathi kurhulumente, kukho ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwepragmatic kunye nangaphezulu kokucinga kukaChavez?
Ewe. Namhlanje ukucinga kukaChavez kuvezwa ngendlela eyahlulahlulwe ngamacandelo e-hegemonic kurhulumente. Iimbono zakhe aziboniswa kuluhlu lwexesha olutyebileyo, oluqhubela phambili, kodwa oko kuyaphikisana ngamaxesha. Endaweni yoko, ukucinga kuka-Chavez kubekwe kunomdla othile engqondweni nakwizihlanganisi ezithile. Ngaphezu koko, Ukubetha kwiHelm ibekwe ecaleni kuba, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ngumnqophiso wezopolitiko kaChavez. Ukongeza, i Isicwangciso seLizwe yenziwa ingabonakali. Enyanisweni, isiCwangciso seLizwe elitsha saphuhliswa ngaphandle kokuvavanya isiphakamiso sokuqala. Kwakungekho kwaphela uvandlakanyo loluntu lwesiCwangciso seLizwe sokuqala, kodwa urhulumente udlulela kwisicwangciso esilandelayo ngaphandle kokucingisisa negalelo!
Ngokucacileyo, imeko yelizwe yahluke kakhulu kuleyo yayikho xa uChavez wayesaphila kwaye Isicwangciso seLizwe iphume. Ngoku sijongene nengxaki eneenkalo ezininzi, kodwa oko akuyompikiswano yokungasivavanyi isicwangciso sokuqala. Okuphikisanayo! Ingxaki yeyokuba ukujongana neemeko kunye nokuphonononga kwakhona loo nzame iya kukhokelela umva kwiimbono eziphambili, ukusuka kulawulo lobuqu kunye nedemokhrasi ethatha inxaxheba ukuya kulawulo lwentlalo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwezopolitiko kunye nommandla. Kuyo yonke loo nto, sinesiseko sokwakha kwaye sinamava abambekayoโฆ okuba, kwimeko yale ntlekele, ukuqonda ukuba sinezixhobo ezimbalwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka obuninzi, kubaluleke kakhulu! Ndicinga ukuba olu hlobo lokubonisa (kunye nesenzo esiya kulandela) ngomnye wemisebenzi yethu ebalaseleyo. Ukuwuhlehlisa loo msebenzi okanye ukuwubeka ecaleni yenye yezona ntsilelo zibonakalayo kwiNguquko yaseBolivarian namhlanje.
Kufuneka sithethe ngombandela wovukelo. Njengoko sele ukhankanyile, uChavez wadlula kwithiyori-kwezopolitiko, kodwa bekuhlala kugxilwe ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwabantu abahluphekayo kwimibuzo echaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Oko kubonakala kwangethuba, kwisindululo sedemokhrasi ebambekayo (idemokhrasi ethe ngqo okanye ethatha inxaxheba) eboniswa Incwadi eBlue. Ngasekupheleni kobomi bukaChavez, inkxalabo efanayo iphinda ivele kumbono woluntu olutsha. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje sifumanisa ukuba intetho karhulumente isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba abantu baya kusindiswa ngotyalo-mali lwabucala okanye "oohlohlesakhe benguquko" abathwaxwa ziintshatsheli zoMphathiswa wezoLimo uWilmar Castro Soteldo. Oku kwenza ukuba a Ukubetha kwiHelm Iya ngasekunene!
ukusuka Incwadi eBlue phambili, i pueblo kwaye idemokhrasi ethe ngqo yaba ngundoqo kwingcinga kaChavez. Ngeprojekthi yedemokhrasi enzulu, ebambekayo sinomgaqo osisikhokelo wokwakha ngokutsha i-hegemony ye-Chavismo. Ngale ndlela, kuya kwenzeka ukuhlanganisa abantu abaninzi ngakumbi, ukwakha isifundo esihlangeneyo kunye neengcamango zethu eziphambili ezichazwe ngokucacileyo: ukulwa norhwaphilizo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedemokhrasi ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokukhusela abantu baseVenezuela njengezifundo inxalenye kunye nenxalenye yomzabalazo wenkululeko wembali. Okwangoku, ukubuyiselwa kwenkumbulo yethu yembali njengesiseko esisisiseko sokucinga kwenguqu kubalulekile, njengoko imibhalo yokuqala kaChavez ibonisa.
Nazi izitshixo ezithathu. Okokuqala kuza ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwethu njengesifundo esidibeneyo, a pueblo ngembali kunye nesazisi esichaziweyo esidumileyo: abantu baseVenezuela kodwa nabaseLatin America. Yayiyiyo, iyiyo, kwaye iya kuhlala isisiseko ekwakhiweni kwe-hegemony, kuba ukusuka apho sinokuvelisa isazisi. Okwesibini ngumlo ochasene nenkqubo yezopolitiko enobuqhophololo, ngokuchasene neRiphabhliki yesine [ixesha le-1958 ukuya ku-1999], efika kwangethuba e-Chavez, kwaye isizisa ngoku kunye nomboniso obalulekileyo oyimfuneko malunga neendlela zakudala ezicacileyo ngokucacileyo [ ndiyabuya] ngoku.
Okwesithathu yidemokhrasi, kwaye xa sithetha ngedemokhrasi, sithetha ngedemokhrasi edibeneyo, idemokhrasi kuqoqosho, intlalontle, kunye nezopolitiko. Ngokucacileyo, ayinakubakho idemokhrasi yokwenene ukuba akukho demokrasi yezoqoqosho. Ngaphandle koko, sidibana kwakhona nedemokhrasi emele idemokhrasi, ekwathi kwavela kuyo enye yemizabalazo kunye neengxoxo-mpikiswano apho uvukelo-mbuso lwaluthanda umbutho. pueblo.
Ezo zezona mfundiso ziphambili kwimihla yamandulo yohlaziyo. Apho, umxholo wawusithi pueblo. Kwangoko, eyona nto yayiphambili yayikukudibanisa, ungathabathi, kwaye esinye sezivakalisi awayesiphindaphinda kakhulu uChavez kwiintetho zakhe yayilubizo lwakhe โlokukhuselwa komkhosi. pueblo, "I pueblo ukuba unembali kunye yangoku yomzabalazo, i pueblo enesazisi kwaye idibana ukuze iguqule ubunyani bayo, kwaye ibuze umdla wembali wodidi olubalaseleyo. Olo didi lwaluquka i-oligarchy yokuthotywa komhlaba, nto leyo kwezinye iimeko iyafana nale sisazamana nayo nanamhla oku, kunye noohlohlesakhe, kunye nomdla wabo weshishini kunye nosasazo.
Ngokubanzi, yayingumbuzo we pueblo ukulwa amagunya-ukuba-ngaphakathi nangaphandle kurhulumente. Oku kungxamiseke kakhulu ukuba sicinge ngako namhlanje, kuba ukubuyiswa kwakhona kuhambisana nomba worhwaphilizo. Ubuncinci kwintetho yakhe yasesidlangalaleni, uChavez wayeluchase ngokungqongqo ubuqhophololo nokuzigxeka. Umemelele umlo wokulwa urhwaphilizo kurhulumente kwaye umemelele ukuba urhulumente nabantu bakhuphe ikhefu kule nto.
Kuthi, njengoko benditshilo, i pueblo's isazisi kunye nokwakhiwa hegemony zingundoqo. Ekuqaleni, inxalenye yolo lwakhiwo yayiyeyona nto iqatshelweyo pueblo (okokuqala) kwinqanaba lezopolitiko. I pueblo njengesihloko esidibanisa i-campesinos, abafazi (echaza uChavez, "i-Bolivarian Revolution iya kuba wesifazane okanye ayisayi kubaโ), kunye nabahlali bebarrio.
Kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwinkqubo yokwakha i-hegemony, i-Bolivarian Revolution yongeza amacandelo oluntu kwiprojekthi enomdla ohlukeneyo. Namhlanje, inxalenye ebalulekileyo karhulumente ihlala kwamanye amacandelo, kwaye bafuna ukubuyisela ingqiqo yemali. Apha kufuneka sikuvume okucacileyo: ubukhapitali abuzange bususwe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa siye sahambela phambili kumgaqo-siseko wemeko yentlalo yobulungisa ngolawulo lomthetho, kwaye bafuna ukuyibuyisela.
Amacandelo athile karhulumente wethu, awona mandla, ajolise ekunciphiseni okanye ekupheliseni yonke inkqubela phambili yezentlalo, yezoqoqosho nezopolitiko eyenziwe ngaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, bayayigatya injongo yokubandakanywa kwentlalo ngokwembono yezoqoqosho. Ingqondo yakho, ukubandakanywa kufuneka kuqondwe kungekhona ngengqiqo engaphezulu; sithetha ngokubandakanywa njengokwakhiwa kwamandla, amandla athandwayo, kunye nokudluliselwa kweendlela zokuvelisa kubantu, okwasekwa ngokucacileyo nguChavez Ukubetha kwiHelm.
Namhlanje, ndiza kuthetha ukuba ukuphikisana okuphambili, ngaphezu kokuchasana nokuchasana, ngokwenene ngaphakathi [Chavismo]: yilapho abantu kufuneka bathathe izikhundla. Kukule ndawo apho kukho impikiswano malunga nendlela yokuqhuba kunye nendlela yokwakha isiseko sentlalo ukuze kuqhutyekwe nenguquko.
Kwi-2015, okanye mhlawumbi ngaphambili, i-hegemonic bloc ebandakanya abantu ishiywe ngasemva. Kulapho urhulumente waqala ukuzivalela ngakumbi nangakumbi, eshiya pueblo ngaphandle. Namhlanje sinokuthi indawo yamandla iyancipha ibe ngabantu abambalwa, kwaye ukuthambekela kwabo kuchasene nesiphakamiso sokuqala seChavista.
Sinokuthini ngabo bantu? Banamandla enyani, kwaye abantu ababangqongileyo balawula imali eninzi eyathi yabanjwa ngofikelelo olukhethekileyo kwiidola ezixhaswa ngemali okanye iinkonzo zekontraka kurhulumenteโฆ Ngoko ke sithetha ngokwenza oohlohlesakhe โbesizweโ obutsha obuphumayo. kwingeniso eveliswa yimveliso yeoli. Kufuneka sigxeke umlingiswa wodidi oluntsonkothileyo lukarhulumente, kodwa kufuneka sizigxeke ngokwethu ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba singakwazi ukulawula izithuba zamagunya. Oko kuyinyaniso ngokwezinga lokuba singakhange sibize enye indlela yokwenza ipolitiki kumanqanaba aphezulu.
Ndiyavumelana novavanyo lwakho. Nangona kunjalo, uthethe ngokusinda kwendlela yeChavista yokwenza ezopolitiko. Ucinga ukuba isekhona phi kuluntu lwaseVenezuela namhlanje?
Ibalulekile loo nto. Sifanele siqonde ukuba kukho indlela yeChavista yezopolitiko ephilayo kwaye ilungile, kwaye ivakalisa umsebenzi woluntu, kwintlangano yendawo, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekuxazululeni iingxaki zemihla ngemihla. Ezi ziindlela zokwenza ezopolitiko ezingaxhaswanga ngurhulumente, ezingabonakali okanye zenziwe zibonakale ngeyona ndlela imbi. Le yokugqibela yenzelwa ukunciphisa amandla enguqu kwindlela kaChavez yokwenza ezopolitiko.
Makhe ndikunike umzekelo: kutsha nje amajelo osasazo aseburhulumenteni enze ingxelo ye Altos de Lidice Commune, yaye banikela ingxelo yokuba kuvulwe ikhemesti apho. Kodwa xa usiya kwi-commune, ufumanisa ukuba akukho khemesti apho. Endaweni yoko kukho into enkulu kakhulu nebaluleke ngakumbi: inkqubo yezempilo edibeneyo yoluntu, inyathelo elidibanisa iicanteens ezidumileyo [iinkanti zesidlo sasemini ezidibeneyo, ezaziwa ngokuba โzii-comedores popularesโ], ingqalelo ephambili kwabona basemngciphekweni ekhaya, ulungelelwaniso lobuncinci ezine okanye ezintlanu Barrio Adentro [yezempilo yoluntu] iinqwelo zezigulane, njalo njalo. Yintoni ekhoyo, eAltos de Lidice, ayisiyokhemesti nje, yinkqubo. Ukuba uya kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pharmacy, awuyi kukwazi ukuthenga nantoni na. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uya kunikwa amayeza asimahla (afunyanwa ngeminikelo yabazalwana ubukhulu becala esuka eChile naseItali), ukuba isicelo senziwe ngoogqirha, abadityaniswe nenkqubo yasekuhlaleni.
Ke amajelo eendaba karhulumente anika ingxelo yokuba ikhemesti yavulwa eAltos de Lidice, nto leyo ethetha ukuba sisiphumo semigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, xa esikubonayo ngokwenene kusisiphumo sombutho odumileyo, ozilawulayo, ovelise okuninzi kunekhemesti. Linyathelo lokuqala ukwakha inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo yoluntu.
I-Chavismo iphila kwisifundo esikhoyo kuyo yonke indawo, kuzo zonke iikona zelizwe. Kodwa singatsho kananjalo ukuba esi sihloko sichithwa-chithwa kwaye sijongene nobubi bezopolitiko. Kwesi siganeko sibuhlungu, sisenokuzibuza mihla le indlela yokuvakalisa amazwi ethu, sicamngce enoba ukugxeka kwethu kunokufana nokungcatsha okanye ukuba sinokutyholwa ngokungcatsha. Kodwa uChavismo, lo mbandela uthandwayo, uyaphila kwaye uphilile. Ngoku umba wendlela yokwenza ukuba ibonakale, indlela yokuhlanganisa, kunye nendlela yokuphuhlisa umgca odibeneyo wesenzo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela