Umthombo: Imbumbulu
Uloyiso lwesileyiti se-OZ kwimanyano yaMazwe ngaMazwe ngaMazwe ngaMaqela (IBT), ekhokelwa nguSean O'Brien noFred Zuckerman kwaye bexhaswa ngu. Abadlali beqela leManyano yeDemokhrasi (TDU), iphakamise lo mbuzo: Ngaba obu bunkokeli butsha buzisa uhlaziyo kwenye yeemanyano ezinkulu nezinamandla esizweni? Uhlaziyo lokwenyani luthetha umanyano olungenarhwaphilizo, olulawulwa yidemokhrasi ngakumbi, luzimisele ukudibanisa amalungu ukuba alwe nabaphathi, kwaye lukwazi nokujongana nemiba ebanzi yentlalo efana neTrumpism, i-COVID, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela: Ngaba i-Teamsters lumanyano olunamandla? Ngaba ngoku ikhokelwa ngabahlaziyi abaza kuthatha iNkonzo ye-United Parcel (UPS) kwinkontileka ye-2023? Ngaba i-Teamsters ingaphumelela uqhankqalazo lwe-UPS kwaye emva koko baqhubele phambili nokusungula inkqubo enkulu yokulungelelanisa phakathi kwabasebenzi baseAmazon ukubazisa kwintshukumo yabasebenzi? Ngaba i-Teamsters iya kuba lumanyano lweshishini olunamandla ngakumbi, okanye ngaba iya kuba nakho ukuqala ukucela umngeni kumandla ezoqoqosho nezopolitiko? Ukuba umanyano luyahlaziywa kwaye lube ngumbutho ohlanganisa amalungu awo ukuba azilwele, umzekelo wawo unokuba nempembelelo enkulu kuyo yonke intshukumo yabasebenzi baseMelika. Inokukhuthaza ukuchasa abaqeshi, inomzabalazo osemthethweni wodidi, kwaye inokubonelela ngenye indlela kugxininiso lwangoku kwipolitiki yonyulo.
I-Teamsters sele ikwindawo efana nale ngaphambili, emva kweminyaka yee-1990 xa uRon Carey, exhaswa yi-TDU, waba ngumongameli we-Teamster. Ukuthelekisa phakathi kwamatyala kaCarey kunye no-O'Brien kwaye, ngokubanzi, phakathi kwe-Carey-TDU kunye nobudlelwane be-O'Brien-TDU kunokukhanyisa. Ke, sijika apha ukuze sijonge umanyano lweTeamsters kunye nezileyiti zohlaziyo ngokwembali ukuze siqonde apho imanyano inokuthi ibheke khona.
Ngaba i-Teamsters yiManyano enamandla?
I-Teamsters inegama lokuba ngumanyano olunamandla ngakumbi, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo yayisuka koo-1930 ukuya koo-1970. Ngexesha lee-1930s, ugwayimbo oluyimpumelelo kunye nokulungelelanisa ukuqhuba, ngakumbi eMinneapolis, kodwa naseBoston, eChicago, naseSeattle, lwaguqula iTeamsters ukusuka kumbutho omncinci, okhethekileyo wobuchwephesha waba yimanyano enkulu, ebandakanyayo yoshishino. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwezi yayingamava aseMinneapolis apho uFarrell Dobbs kunye nabanye oososhiyali abaguqukayo bakhokela uthotho loqhanqalazo lwekati yasendle emva koko kwaqhutywa ulungiselelo olubanzi kuMbindi-ntshona oPhezulu. Ukusebenza noDobbs ngelo xesha wayengumququzeleli weTeamster oselula waseDetroit, uJimmy Hoffa, owathi, nangona wayengavumelani nezopolitiko zikaDobbs, wamkela izicwangciso zakhe zokulungelelanisa.
Malunga nelo xesha, ngowe-1935, iNkongolo yaseUnited States yapasisa uMthetho wokuThutha iiMoto owaseka umthetho karhulumente weshishini lelori, umisela iindlela, amaxabiso, nokulawula ukungena kweli shishini. Lo mthetho uphelise ukhuphiswano lokunqunyulwa komqala kwaye uzinzisile ishishini, kuba iinkampani ezintsha zelori zingasakwazi ukungena kwishishini kwaye zicuthe amaxabiso okuthumela, ngelixa iinkampani ezisekiweyo ziqinisekisiwe ngesantya sokuhamba ukuze abaqeshi babe nenkuthazo encinci yokunciphisa imivuzo.
Ukudityaniswa kokuguqulwa kweeTeamsters ukusuka kwimanyano yezobuchwephesha ukuya kwimanyano yamashishini aphakathi, ukuphunyezwa koMthetho wokuThutha iiMotor ozinzisa ishishini, kunye nokwakhiwa kweNkqubo yeNdlela yeNdlela ePhakamileyo eqala ngo-1956, kunye nokuphumelela emva kwemfazwe. kuqoqosho lwaseMelika, yenze into entsha kubasebenzi bothutho ngeemoto. Ngeli xesha, iinkampani zokuqala zelori zikazwelonke zasekwa: Pacific Intermountain Express, Consolidated Freightways, Roadway, Yellow Freight, kunye nezinye, nto leyo ethetha ukuba isiqwenga somthwalo ngoku singasuswa kunxweme siye elunxwemeni yinkampani enye. Ishishini lothutho lweemoto laba lishishini elikhulu.
Xa uJimmy Hoffa waba ngumongameli womanyano ngo-1957, waqalisa inkqubo yokumanyanisa iikontraka ezininzi zengingqi nezasekuhlaleni kwiSivumelwano esiPhakathi sokuThuthwa kweThutho (National Master Freight Agreement) (NMFA) esaqala ukuxoxwa ngo-Januwari ka-1964. kunye nabaqhubi beekhathaji basekhaya kunye nabasebenzi bedokhi kwilizwe liphela. Ngaloo minyaka, i-Teamsters ayiphumelelanga kuphela imivuzo ephezulu, kodwa igalelo lomqeshi kwipenshini yabo kunye neemali zempilo. Yayilulawulo lweTeamsters kwishishini lempahla elenze ukuba libe yimanyano enamandla ngokwenene.
Ngalo lonke ixesha ukusuka kwi-1930s ukuya kwi-1970s, imanyano yeTeamsters yakhula ngogwayimbo olusemthethweni, uqhanqalazo lwe-wildcat, kunye nezenzo zemisebenzi, ekuthi ngayo iphumelele izivumelwano kwaye izikhusele. Loo mava awazange aphelele nje ekufumaneni imivuzo ephakamileyo kuphela kodwa abangela nemvo yemvisiswano nemvisiswano phakathi kwabagcini-mpahla, abasebenzi basezibukweni nabaqhubi beelori, ngokukodwa phakathi kwabaqhubi, phantse bonke bengamadoda amhlophe. Ngaloo minyaka, iinkampani ngokubanzi azizange ziqeshe abaqhubi abantsundu abahamba ngeendlela njengoko abaqhubi abamhlophe abahamba ngeendlela eMzantsi kunye nezinye iindawo zazingavumi ukusebenza nabaqhubi abaNtsundu. Amabhinqa ayengaqeshwa kwimisebenzi yokuthutha impahla. Kuphela ngokulungiswa kwesuti karhulumente wase-US ngokuchasene nabaqeshi belori kunye nomanyano apho abasebenzi abaMnyama nabaseLatino bafumana ukwamkelwa phakathi kwabaqhubi. Abantsundu kunye neLatinos basebenze kwiidokhi.
Ngaphakathi komanyano, abantu besixeko esikhulu sothutho-eBoston, eNew York, ePittsburgh, eCleveland, eChicago, eDenver, eAtlanta, eSeattle, naseLos Angeles, kunye nabanye abambalwa - babambe awona mandla ezopolitiko kumanyano. Abo baqhubi beelori babesembindini weshishini laseMelika, bedibanisa iinkampani ezininzi ezincinci kunye nezigebenga zezoqoqosho kwintsimbi, iimoto, iglasi, irabha, umbane, izixhobo zombane, iiplastiki, izambatho, uyibiza ngamagama. Iilori zazithwele yonke into, kwaye iTeamsters yaziqhuba ezo lori, ibanika amandla okudodobalisa uqoqosho kunye namandla okuxhasa abanye abasebenzi abakugwayimbo ngokwala ukuwela imigca yabo yokuchola.
Ndikhumbula njengomqhubi welori eChicago ngeminyaka yee-1970 ukuba izihlandlo ezininzi xa ndandifika ukuza kuzisa kumzi-mveliso ogwayimbileyo kwakubakho abapeki esangweni. Ndandidla ngokufowunela umthumeli weenqwelo-mafutha ndize ndimxelele ukuba andinakukwazi ukuhambisa iimpahla ngenxa yoqhankqalazo, ndichaza ukuba xa ndizama ukuwela umgca wepikethi, ilori yaloo nkampani kunye nempahla yabathengi ababekhwele kuyo inokonakala. Babengakhathali nokuba ndenzakele, kodwa babezikhathalele izixhobo zabo. Enyanisweni, ngamanye amaxesha kwakukho nje abantu abambalwa abakhethayo okanye mhlawumbi omnye nje. Abanye abaqhubi benza into efanayo. Abathumeli bahlala besithi, "Yilibale. Yiya kwindawo yakho yokumisa elandelayoโ kuba bekungafanelanga ukuba ulwe nomanyano lweTeamsters. Amandla e-Teamsters ngelo xesha ayesoyikwa ngabaphathi kwaye amkelwa kwaye axatyiswa yeminye imibutho kunye nabasebenzi.
Umanyano lweTeamsters emva koko lwafaniswa nabasebenzi baseMayini abaManyeneyo kushishino lwamalahle, ukuya kwi-United Steel Workers ekwenzeni intsimbi esisiseko, ukuya kwi-United Auto Workers kushishino lweemoto, nakwezinye iimanyano zoshishino, oko kukuthi, i-IBT ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo. Ishishini lothutho kunye namashishini anxulumeneyo afana nokuthuthwa kweemoto, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwephakheji (ye-UPS), kwaye iququzelele abanye abaqhubi ekuhanjisweni kwesiselo (ibhiya kunye nesoda pop), ukwakhiwa (ilitye, isanti, kunye negrabile), kunye nenkunkuma, phakathi kwabanye. . Ukulawula ishishini lothutho kunye nabasebenzi balo abangama-450,000 banike i-Teamsters amandla okulungelelanisa abanye kumashishini anxulumeneyo, njengeeshedi zokupakisha ezolimo, ubisi, ukubhaka, kunye negrosari, kwaye yenze ukuba kube lula ukuzisa iifektri ezinganxulumananga ngokupheleleyo kumanyano, ukuze ngoo-1970, i-IBT ibe nobulungu bezigidi ezibini, eyona manyano inkulu e-US ngelo xesha. Yayilumanyano olunamandla ngoko, nangona lwalusecicini lokuwohloka.
Ukusuka emandleni ukuya kubuthathaka: uRhwaphilizo kunye nokuthotywa kommiselo
Amandla ombutho we-Teamsters achithwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithathu, enye inento yokwenza nobunkokeli, okwesibini kunye nokupheliswa koshishino, kwaye okwesithathu ngotshintsho olubanzi kuqoqosho. Ngelixa uJimmy Hoffa wayephakathi kunye nokwandisa amandla eTeamsters, wavumela, kwaye wade wakhuthaza, iMafia ukuba idlale indima ebalulekileyo kumanyano. UMafiosi njengoTony Provenzano, intloko yeNew Jersey Teamsters, yayingabalingani ababalulekileyo bakaHoffa. Isinxulumani sehlokondiba laseChicago, umhlobo kaHoffa uAllen Dorfman wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiNgxowa-mali yoMhlalaphantsi yaseCentral States. Kwakukho nabanye abaninzi baseMafiosi. IKomiti ye-Senate yase-United States kwiMisebenzi engafanelekanga kwiMisebenzi kunye noLawulo (eyaziwa ngokuba yiKomiti yeMcClellan okanye iKomiti ye-Labour Racketeering Committee) yaqalisa uphando kwi-Teamsters, kunye noRobert F. Kennedy (RFK) okhonza njengomcebisi oyintloko. Kwi-1961, uMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy wenza umntakwabo u-US Attorney General, kunye ne-RFK, ekhuthazwa yinkxalabo yokuphelisa i-Mafia kuluntu lwaseMelika, kodwa mhlawumbi nangomnqweno wokunciphisa i-Teamsters njengomanyano, waxosha uHoffa ngokungapheliyo.
Ekugqibeleni uHoffa wafunyaniswa enetyala lokunyoba kunye nobuqhetseba waza wagwetywa iminyaka elishumi elinesithathu entolongweni. Umlandeli wakhe okhethwe ngesandla uFrank Fitzsimmons emva koko wenza amalungiselelo esivumelwano noMongameli uRichard Nixon sokuba avumele uHoffa ukuba aphume entolongweni ngo-1971, kodwa phantsi komqathango wokuba angathabathi nxaxheba kumanyano kude kube ngu-1980. Indima njengenkokeli yayo, uFitzsimmons wahlala engumongameli womanyano. Ekubeni uNixon wayemncedile, naye, waxhasa uNixon kunye neRiphabhlikhi Party. Amadoda adlala igalufa kunye, oko kuthetha konke.
Emva kokuba ephumile entolongweni emva kokukhonza iminyaka embalwa nje, uHoffa waqala ukulwa ukuze abuyisele isikhundla sakhe esidala. Uzamile ukuhlanganisa amalungu ezikhundla-kunye nefayile ngentetho yomzabalazo wodidi, kodwa waphinda woyikisa ngokuvuthela impempe kumahlokondiba kumanyano. I-Mafia yazithabatha nzulu izoyikiso zakhe, yiyo loo nto ngoJulayi we-1975, uHoffa wanyamalala, mhlawumbi wathinjwa kwaye wabulawa lihlokondiba.
Kanye ngelo xesha, iqela labashiyekileyo labandakanyeka kumanyano, amalungu e-US esekwe kwi-International Socialists (IS, eyathi ekugqibeleni yaguquka yaba yiSolidarity) yazimanya nabagqugquzeli bemanyano yabadala kunye nabahlaziyi ukuba basungule iphulo lesizwe elibizwa ngokuba yi-Teamsters yeSivumelwano esifanelekileyo. ngo-1975. Eli phulo, elathi laphembelela ugwayimbo lwasekuhlaleni lwe- wildcat kwimpahla kunye nase-UPS, lwaba yimpumelelo ekunyanzeliseni imanyano ukuba ibize uqhankqalazo lwesizwe, olukhokelele ekunyukeni kwemivuzo kunye nolunye uphuculo. Abo babandakanyekayo kweli phulo baseka i-Teamsters ye-Democratic Union (TDU), kunye no-Ken Paff, ingcali ekhokelayo yombutho, waba ngumququzeleli kazwelonke, isikhundla awayesibambe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane. I-TDU yalwela uhlaziyo lweemanyano ezifana namagosa anyuliweyo, yazibandakanya ekuququzeleleni umgangatho wevenkile, yaza yatyhalela phambili intshukumo yombutho wamajoni, ngelixa ikwabaleka abagqatswa bezikhundla kubunkokeli besizwe beTeamsters. I-TDU ikwenze oko ngokungaguqukiyo nangokungadinwayo kwimekobume yomanyano eya isanda ubuqhophololo naphakathi kokuqala kwenguqu yeneoliberal yoqoqosho ngokupheliswa kolawulo.
Njengomongameli, uFitzsimmons wamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wokuvumela iinkokeli zengingqi - kubandakanywa neenkokheli zeMafia - ukuba ziqhube ezazo iziqendu zomanyano, ngoko ke umanyano olwalubekwe phakathi phantsi kweHoffa lwaba yimanyano ekhululekileyo yeebharoni phantsi kweFitz. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqala ukuchithwa kwezopolitiko kunye nolawulo lomanyano njengeenkokeli zeTeamster ezifana neProvenzano eNew Jersey, uJackie Presser eCleveland, uRoy Williams eKansas City, kunye nabanye kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo baqala ukuthethathethana ngezivumelwano ezingekho mgangathweni kunye nokutshintshiselana 'ngoxolo lwabasebenzi' ngenxa yezinyobo zabaqeshi. . Imanyano yamashishini yanikezela indlela kumanyano lwemigulukudu kwiindawo ezininzi. Xa umhlaza wemiphunga wawumgcina uFitzsimmons ebalekela elinye ithuba njengomongameli, walandelwa nguRoy Williams ngo-1981 owathi, naye, walandelwa nguJackie Presser ngo-1983. ngonyaka kunye Presser $813,247 ngenxa yezithuba ezahlukeneyo ababezibambe. Njengoko kwafundwa kamva, bobabini uWilliams kunye noPresser babebandakanyeka kwiMafia kwaye ngaxeshanye besebenza njengabasasazi beFBI. Ngalo lonke elo xesha, bona kunye nezinye iinkokeli ze-Teamster basebenzisa iinkqubo ezingekho phantsi kwedemokhrasi, ukugrogrisa, kunye nobundlobongela ukunyanzela amalungu ukuba avotele izivumelwano ezimbi, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye, bahlakulela abalandeli abanelungelo phakathi kwamaqela akhethiweyo abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi be-dockworkers bendawo ethile yempahla.
Ngelixa i-Mafia kunye nobuqhophololo badlala indima, yayiyi-deregulation ye-industry yempahla ekugqibeleni - kwaye kakhulu - yenza buthathaka i-Teamsters. I-Motor Carrier Act ka-1980, ekhuthazwa ngabaguquli abafana noRalph Nader kunye nezopolitiko zeDemocratic Party ezifana noSenator Ted Kennedy kunye noMongameli uJimmy Carter, bavumele abangeni abatsha kwishishini lelori kwaye bavumela iinkampani ukuba zibeke iindlela zabo kunye namaxabiso. Isiphumo yaba kukuba kwiminyaka elishumi inani leenkampani zelori liphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-20,000 ukuya kwi-40,000 njengoko iinkampani ezintsha ezingezomanyano zingena kwishishini, zihlawula abasebenzi babo ngaphantsi kakhulu kunomvuzo kunye nezibonelelo zeTeamster. Iinkampani zesizwe ezimanyeneyo ezazikho ngelo xesha, ezifana ne-Consolidated Freightways, zisaqhuba imisebenzi yazo enciphayo yomanyano kodwa zavula amaqumrhu amatsha angengomanyano, umkhuba owaziwa ngokuba 'kukuncancisa kabini'. Iinkampani ezininzi ezitsha kraca, ezingezizo ezomanyano zaseka iitheminali kunye nokusebenza, ngelixa ii-brokers zelori ezingezomanyano zibonelele nabaqhubi, kwaye ukwanda kwamanani abanini-basebenzi abangengawo umanyano beza entsimini. Isiphithiphithi sokhuphiswano sasikhatshwa ziinkampani ezisongayo kunye nokulahleka kwemisebenzi ngobuninzi.
Eyona nto ibuhlungu kakhulu kweli bali kukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, kwiinzame zokulondoloza imisebenzi yabo, abasebenzi baseka i-Employee Stock Ownership Plans (okanye ii-ESOPs), besebenzisa imali yabo yomhlalaphantsi ukuthenga iinkampani ezisilelayo ababezisebenzele. Baqesha oomanejala bamashishini ukuba babaqhube, kodwa nangona babezixhaphaze ngokungenalusini, abazange bakwazi ukuzisindisa iinkampani zabo nemisebenzi yabo xa bejongene nokhuphiswano olungelulo umanyano. Baphela bephulukene nemisebenzi kunye nemali yomhlalaphantsi.
Ngenxa yoko, ngelixa i-Teamsters yayikhe yamela malunga ne-450,000 yabasebenzi bezothutho, ngoku bamele ngaphezulu kwama-75,000 kwiinkampani ezimbalwa zelizwe ezimanyeneyo. Namhlanje, kwindawo ethile phakathi kwama-750,000 ukuya kwisigidi esinye esingengomanyano, umnini-osebenzayo, abaqhubi bendlela bahambisa uninzi lomthwalo wemoto kwilizwe lonke. Intliziyo yombutho weTeamsters, elona qela lomeleleyo labasebenzi nabo babengamalungu ayo asebenzayo, yaphantse yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kukuyekiswa kommiselo. Ngaloo nto, iziko lezopolitiko lombutho litshintshile ukusuka kwimpahla ukuya kwipakethe yokuphatha kunye nempahla, oko kukuthi, ukuya kwi-UPS, eyona nkampani inkulu yephakheji, kodwa kunye nomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wezinto zokusebenza osebenzisa amalungu angama-320,000 e-Teamster.
Umba wesithathu owakhokelela ekubeni umanyano lwemanyano lube buthathaka kukudodobala koqoqosho ngowe-1973-75 nowe-1980-82, umlinganiselo wentswela-ngqesho usondele kwi-10 ekhulwini, elona nani liphakamileyo ukususela ekuDodongeni Okukhulu Kwezoqoqosho ngeminyaka yee-1930. Ukujongana naloo meko, abasebenzi baye bathandabuza ukugwayimba kuba besoyikela ukuphulukana nemisebenzi yabo ngenxa yokhwekhwe, ngoku ababizwa ngokuba โngabasebenzi ababambeleyoโ. Kwi-Teamsters, abasebenzi abathi, ngalo lonke ixesha ukusuka kwiminyaka yoo-1930 ukuya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1980, bazibandakanya kuzo zonke iintlobo zezenzo zemisebenzi, ugwayimbo lwasendle, kunye nogwayimbo olusemthethweni ngoku baye bathandabuza ukuthatha inyathelo elinjalo. Nangona abahlalutyi beendaba besoloko besithi, 'uqhankqalazo lulimaza wonke umntu', asiyonyani leyo. Uqhankqalazo luvuselela iimanyano zabasebenzi, lukhumbuza abasebenzi ngamandla abo, lubenza baziqhelanise nokulisebenzisa elo gunya, lufundisa izifundo malunga nokulingana kwamandla nokuba bayaphumelela okanye bayaphulukana. Kwaye xa bephumelele, ugwayimbo lunokuphucula ubomi babasebenzi emsebenzini nokunyusa umgangatho wabo wokuphila. Iinkokeli zeManyano, kubandakanywa iTeamsters, zingenamdla kodwa zingasazi ukuba zikhokele njani ugwayimbo, zenza izivumelwano ezibi ngemivuzo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, izivumelwano zamanqanaba amaninzi, kunye nokuphuma kwikhontrakthi. Ngeminyaka yee-1980, ixesha loqhanqalazo eliye lazala iintshukumo zohlaziyo ezifana ne-TDU laphela. Imibutho yehla ngamandla namanani; amalungu abo, engenawo amava omzabalazo, ngokufuthi engasazi ukuba angazithathela njani inyathelo.
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1980 ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, i-Teamsters iyekile ukuba yimanyano yamashishini enamandla. Akukho nanye yeenkokeli zayo eyayinesicwangciso sokubuyisela ukubanjwa kwayo kwishishini lempahla, ngoko ke i-Teamsters yayeka ukuba yimanyano yamashishini kwaye yaba yinto esinokuyibiza ngokuba yimanyano jikelele. Kwangelo xesha, imanyano yasilela kakhulu ukulwela abo bashiyekileyo bezothutho kunye nabapakishe, kwaye endaweni yoko bathethathethana ngeekhontrakthi ezivumela amanqanaba amabini okanye ngaphezulu, umsebenzi wesingxungxo, isivumelwano sokuphuma, kunye nemivuzo enganelanga kunye nezibonelelo. Amagosa eTeamster, nangona kunjalo, anexhala lokugcina isiseko semali yomanyano, oko kukuthi, ingeniso ebonelele ngemivuzo ethe kratya yamagosa aphezulu - eminye ifikelela kuma-500,000 eerandi ngonyaka - kunye nomhlalaphantsi weparashute yegolide, amkela isicwangciso sokulungelelanisa nabani na, naphi na, kulo naliphi na ishishini. I-Teamsters, ngoku iyuniyoni jikelele, ikhuphisane neminye imibutho esekiweyo ukuba iququzelele abasebenzi bakarhulumente besixeko kunye norhulumente, ootitshala, amapolisa kunye nabacimi-mlilo, abalindi bentolongo, abasebenzi bezempilo kunye nabasebenzi basesibhedlele, abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kwaye ke, uyayibiza. Ngamanye amaxesha baye bagqogqa ezinye iimanyano ukuze babe amalungu kude kubo. Nantoni na yokufumana amalungu amaninzi kunye neentlawulo ezininzi.
Inkoliso yaba basebenzi yayingenanto yakwenza nabaqhubi beelori, abasebenzi basezibukweni, nabagcini bempahla yaye babedla ngokufana. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo wokhuphiswano kunye nezinye iimanyano zabasebenzi ukuze uququzelele zonke iintlobo zabasebenzi awuzange uphumelele nje ukwakha amandla e-Teamsters kwiziko layo lembali, elaliyimpahla, okanye iziko lalo elitsha, ukuhanjiswa kwephakheji, kodwa buthathaka nezinye iimanyano zabasebenzi. bezama ukulungelelanisa amanye amashishini afana nezemfundo okanye ezempilo, ekubeni ngoku abasebenzi kuloo mizi-mveliso bahlukene phakathi kwemibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo ekhuphisanayo. Uninzi lwala malungu amatsha e-Teamster ayenoluvo oluncinci lokuchongwa kunye nomanyano kuzwelonke, kwaye imanyano ayiphumelelanga ukuseka isazisi esitsha njengemanyano yabo bonke abasebenzi, nto leyo mhlawumbi inceda ukuchaza ukuba kutheni malunga neepesenti ezili-15 kuphela zamalungu avotele kuzwelonke. unyulo lwamagosa aphezulu. Uninzi, kwaye mhlawumbi uninzi, inqanaba kunye neefayile zeTeamsters ngokucacileyo baziva behlukanisiwe ngokupheleleyo kumanyano lwabo.
Ke, njengoko isileyiti se-OZ kunye nemanyano eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Teamsters United ilungiselela ukuthatha amandla, ifumana ilifa lomanyano oluye lwavalwa kakhulu, umanyano olunabasebenzi abahlukeneyo ngoku kumashishini amaninzi awabelani ngokuchongwa okuqinileyo nombutho okanye imvakalelo yomanyano omnye komnye, isinxibo apho amalungu angama-85 ekhulwini ayengaziva ekhuthazekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba afumane ibhokisi yeposi aze afake imvulophu yeposi yawo yokuvota kuyo ukuze avotele unyulo lweenkokeli zawo. Kusekho ulwahlulo olomeleleyo, olukhuthazwa kakhulu, njenge-UPS kunye nokurhuqa iimoto, kodwa ukomeleza i-Teamsters kunye nokuyenza ibe namandla kwakhona iya kuba ngumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu.
Amava kaRon Carey kunye ne-TDU
Iqela le-O'Brien-Zuckerman (OZ), elixhaswa yi-TDU, ayisiyonto yokuqala yokuzama ukuguqulwa kweemanyano ukususela kwixesha lemanyano. Ngeminyaka yoo-1990, uRon Carey, naye exhaswa yi-TDU, waba ngumongameli we-IBT kwaye wavavanya ngokufanayo amathuba ohlaziyo kunye nokulwa. Ngamava afanele ukuhlalutywa.
UCarey wakhulela kusapho lamaKatolika e-Ireland eQueens, waya kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, wabekela bucala ikholeji ukuze akhonze e-US Marines, emva koko, emva komsebenzi katata wakhe, wafumana umsebenzi e-UPS. Uhlakaniphile kwaye unebhongo, waba ligosa lomanyano kwaye ngo-1967 wonyulwa njengomongameli we-Teamster Local 804 emele abasebenzi be-UPS eNew York. Wathatha izifundo ezininzi zekholeji kwizifundo zabasebenzi ukuze azilungiselele ngcono umsebenzi. UCarey wayengumRiphabhlikhi obhalisiweyo owayenezimvo ezingqongqo kwimiba eyahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuba ngumKomanisi, kodwa wayengumfela-ndawonye wezoshishino, igosa lombutho onyanisekileyo, kunye nomlo. Ukhokele abantu basekhaya kuqhankqalazo oluninzi, ezuzela amalungu akhe owona mvuzo ubalaseleyo kunye neemeko kwilizwe, yiyo loo nto waphinda wonyulwa njengomongameli wendawo izihlandlo ezisibhozo. Ngokwemvelo i-venal, inkohlakalo, ithengisa abongameli belizwe lomanyano ukusuka eFitzsimons ukuya kwi-Presser, ukusuka kuRoy Williams ukuya kuWilliam J. McCarthy, bamthiyile uCarey kwaye basebenzela ukumhlukanisa. Ke, ngeminyaka yoo-1980, uCarey wasebenzisana ne-TDU ekuququzeleleni abasebenzi be-UPS ukuba baphumelele iikhontrakthi ezingcono. Kuphuhliswe ubudlelwane obuncedayo phakathi kwenkokeli ye-UPS yaseNew York kunye nequmrhu lesizwe lohlaziyo.
Ngo-1989, urhulumente wase-US - kwenye inzame yokuphelisa ukubandakanyeka kweMafia kumanyano - wazisa ityala le-Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organisation (RICO) ngokuchasene ne-Teamsters union. ISebe lezoBulungisa lalicinga ngokuwuthatha ngokupheleleyo umanyano, kodwa i-Teamsters yeDemocratic Union yangenelela kwisimangalo, icela urhulumente ukuba anike amalungu eTeamster ilungelo lokuvotela iinkokeli eziphezulu zomanyano njengabantu ngabanye. De kube ngoko, amagosa emibutho yabasebenzi ayenyulwe kwiindibano ezazilawulwa ngamagosa nabasebenzi abonakeleyo. Urhulumente walamkela icebiso le-TDU, elikhokelele ekubeni kubekho umanyano lwedemokrasi. Isimangalo seRICO sakhokelela ekubeni urhulumente abeke iliso kulo mbutho kangangeminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwaza kwashenxiswa kwiminyaka eliqela yokuqala amagosa angama-200 anobuqhophololo, amaninzi kuwo engamahlokondiba.
Xa uCarey wayegqatsele umongameli kwiphulo elaqhubeka ukususela ngowe-1989 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1991, yayilunyulo lokuqala olwaluqhutywa phantsi kwemithetho emitsha eyanika amalungu ilungelo lokuvota. UCarey wasebenza ngokusondeleyo ne-TDU, ubudlelwane obusekelwe ekuqapheliseni ukuba i-TDU idinga umgqatswa wohlaziyo kumongameli womanyano kwaye uCarey wayefuna uthungelwano lwesizwe olwakhiwa yi-TDU kwiminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo. Umntu wayengenakulibiza eli phulo njengeholide yasemva komtshato, nangona kunjalo, kuba xa kukhankaswa, ngokufuthi amazwi okuqala awayephuma emlonyeni kaCarey kwindibano yasekuhlaleni ayesithi, 'Andiyo TDU.' Mhlawumbi oku yayikukuzikhusela kwi-red-baiting (ekubeni indima yoonontlalontle ekusekweni kwe-TDU yayisele isaziwa), kodwa njengoko owayesakuba ngumlawuli oququzelelayo kaCarey uBob Muehlenkamp wandixelelayo, โUCarey wayengayifuni imbono yokuba iTDU yamlawula. .โ
UCarey uphumelele unyulo ngobuninzi, iipesenti ezingama-48 zevoti njengoko abalandeli bomlindi abadala bahlulwa phakathi kwabanye abagqatswa ababini. Xa uCarey ethatha isikhundla, wakwenza oko kunye nabahlaziyi be-15 kumalungu ebhodi yesigqeba esilawulayo, malunga nesiqingatha sabo babengamatsha ntliziyo e-TDU. UCarey wathengisa kwangoko inqanawa yeenqwelomoya zabucala zeTeamsters, waqhawula owakhe umvuzo ukusuka kwi-18 yeedola ukuya kwi-225,000 yeedola, kwaye waqala umsebenzi onzima, onobungozi, kunye nezopolitiko onobungozi bokusebenza kunye nabaphathiswa bakarhulumente baseMelika ukuba basuse iMafia kumanyano.
Ngenxa yenkxaso ye-TDU, uKen Paff wayelindele ukuba uCarey amqeshele kwiofisi ephezulu, njengomphathi wabasebenzi okanye umlawuli oququzelelayo, aze namanye amalungu e-TDU asebenzele abasebenzi besizwe bombutho. UPaff wandibiza ngelo xesha kwaye wandixelela ukuba ndilungele ukuya eWashington. Kodwa umnxeba awuzange ufike, kuye okanye kum. Njengoko u-Muehlenkamp wachazayo, uCarey wayengayithembi i-TDU kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba uninzi lwamalungu ebhodi yesigqeba esandul' ukunyulwa ye-TDU ayengenawo amava omanyano ekuququzeleleni, ekukhokeleni nasekulungiseni ugwayimbo, okanye uthethathethwano lwezivumelwano. Ke endaweni yokubaqesha njengabasebenzi abaphezulu, uCarey waqesha abasebenzi abanamava, abanenkqubela phambili yabasebenzi abavela ngaphandle kweTeamsters, uninzi lwabo olwalungabahlobo be-TDU. Kodwa umongameli omtsha wayefuna ukugcina i-TDU ikude, emva koko waqesha ezinye ii-TDU, kwaye ubukhulu becala kwimisebenzi yabasebenzi benqanaba lesibini.
Ngapha koko, uCarey waphantsa kwangoko waqalisa inkqubo yokutyhalela kude i-TDU. Kwenye yeentlanganiso zokuqala zebhodi yesigqeba, uxelele amalungu e-TDU, ngalinye kuwo linyulwe ngamalungu ombutho wabasebenzi, โi-TDU ayingomphathi wenu. Ndingumphathi wakho.โ Amalungu e-TDU bekulindeleke ukuba abe nguCarey ewe-amadoda.
UCarey, ngoku eyedwa phakathi kombutho wabasebenzi kuzwelonke, uninzi lwabo ibingabo basebenzi bakudala, kwaye engenathemba lezopolitiko kwi-TDU ngasekhohlo kwakhe kwezopolitiko, wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kufuneka andise isiseko sakhe senkxaso phakathi kwamagosa asekuhlaleni omanyano. . Wagqiba kwelokuba akwenze oko ngokubamba isebe lomnquma kumlindi omdala aze azame ukusebenza nabanye babo. Ngelo xesha, ngokutsho kowayesakuba litsha-ntliziyo le-TDU, ubunkokeli be-TDU bawatyhafisa amanye amalungu ayo ukuba angenele isikhundla kwaye axhasa izileyiti ezenziwe ngamalungu e-TDU nabanye ababengengabo abaguquli. Ngenxa yoko, amanye amalungu e-TDU "ayephulwe ngokweemvakalelo nangokwezopolitiko kwaye ebekelwe bucala." Uninzi lwamalungu e-TDU kunye nezinye ii-renk-and-filers zahlala ebumnyameni malunga nolu phuhliso.
Nangona umzamo wakhe wokwakha umanyano kunye namagosa amadala, uCary wayelahlekelwa yinkxaso. Amanye ala magosa, u-Muehlenkamp wandixelela, abandakanyeka kuqhankqalazo kodwa emva koko balolula ixesha elide ngokungekho ngqiqweni ngelixa amalungu erhola ugwayimbo ngelizama ukubhuqa unondyebo wombutho kwaye ngaloo ndlela wonakalise uCarey. Lo mbutho uphinde walahlekelwa ngamalungu amalunga nama-500,000 ebekufanele ukuba ahlawule ukusukela ngo-1979 ngenxa yokungathobeli imithetho. Ke, uCarey wanyanzelisa ukunyuswa kweentlawulo ngeepesenti ezingama-25 ekuqaleni kuka-1994 ukuze azalise ingxowa-mali yomanyano. Kodwa ukonyuka kwentlawulo yoyiswa yivoti yobulungu yesi-3 ukuya kwisi-1, isibetho esibuhlungu kuCarey. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, kwindibano yeTeamsters ngoJulayi 1996, uJimmy Hoffa, Jr.
Omnye unoluvo lokuba ngoxa wayeyinkokeli yombutho wasekuhlaleni ebalaseleyo, njengenkokeli yelizwe ejongene nabaqeshi abanogonyamelo, iMafia, norhulumente waseUnited States, uCarey wayesoloko eziva ephuma entliziyweni yakhe. U-Muehlenkamp uthe uCarey wagcina i-ofisi e-Local 804, apho wayefudula engumongameli, ukubaleka nje kwikomkhulu. โUkuba phakathi kwamalungu akudala engingqi yakhe kwamtshaja kwakhona iibhetri,โ utshilo uMuehlenkamp.
Nokuba yeyiphi na ingxabano phakathi kukaCarey kunye ne-TDU, intsebenziswano iqhubekile kwaye yenza ukuba kwenzeke kwi-1997 ukuba imanyano iqhube uqhankqalazo lwesizwe oluphumelele ngokumangalisayo ngokuchasene ne-UPS eyakhubaza inkampani, yaphefumlela izigidi ze-Teamsters kunye nabanye abasebenzi, kwaye yadala amathuba amatsha ombutho wabasebenzi. . Olo qhankqalazo lwe-UPS luhlala luyimodeli yesicwangciso sogwayimbo, umbutho kunye namaqhinga. Abasebenzi be-IBT kunye namatsha-ntliziyo e-TDU baqale baqhuba uphando phakathi kwamalungu, baququzelela iingxoxo ngeemfuno zabo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela, bakhe umfutho woqhankqalazo. UCarey akazange afune ugwayimbo ekuqaleni, kodwa uxinzelelo olusuka kwisiseko luye lwanda phakathi kwamalungu, kwaye yaba yinto engenakuthintelwa. Ngaxa lithile, waguqukela komnye wabaququzeleli wathi, โKe, ndicinga ukuba ulufumene uqhankqalazo lwe-fuckin.โ
Intsebenziswano kaCarey-TDU ibibalulekile kuloyiso logwayimbo. Ulawulo lukaCarey luseke umxholo ophambili woqhankqalazo njengemfuno yemisebenzi yexesha elizeleyo kubo bonke abasebenzi abanesiqubulo esiqaqambileyo: 'Ixesha elingexesha laseMelika alisebenzi.' Ingcamango yokuba abasebenzi bafuna kwaye bafuna imisebenzi esisigxina ayizange iphelele nje kubasebenzi be-UPS kodwa kunye noninzi lwabantu baseMelika. Okokugqibela, imanyano yazisa imeko yayo eluntwini ngeentengiso zevidiyo ezinomtsalane apho abasebenzi be-UPS ngokwabo - abancinci, bencumile, kwaye bathetha kakuhle - njengabo beza emnyango mihla le bephethe iipakethi zakho, bechaza ukuba kutheni bebetha. Inkxaso yoluntu yayininzi. UCarey akazange abe nenkxaso kuzo zonke iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni ze-UPS, kodwa kwiindawo apho amagosa angazange avume ukuxhasa iphulo lesizwe, abaphembeleli be-TDU banyuka, basebenza kunye nekomkhulu le-Teamster, kwaye baququzelela uqhankqalazo.
Umongameli we-AFL-CIO, uJohn Sweeney, umguquleli oye wancedwa nguCarey ekunyuleni, waxhasa uqhankqalazo lwe-Teamster, olwaluyimpahla enkulu. Uqhankqalazo luphinde lwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu ngenxa yokuba abaphathi beepakethe ze-UPS nabaqhubi bebeqeqeshelwe ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngendlela echubekileyo eyenze ukuba kube nzima ukuqesha abanye abantu endaweni yabo ngaphandle kwesitalato. Imanyano iphumelele uqhankqalazo, inika uCarey amandla, ebedinga ukuphumelela unyulo kwakhona njengomongameli weTeamster.
โYayiluphawu loloyiso kwintshukumo yabasebenzi,โ utshilo uKen Paff. โIbiluloyiso oluqinisekileyo ukuguqula amawakawaka emisebenzi ehlawulwa kancinci, yethutyana ibe yimisebenzi esisigxina yabasebenzi. Ngelo xesha [uMongameli we-AFL-CIO] uJohn Sweeney wathi olu qhankqalazo lwenze okungakumbi ekuququzeleleni ngaphezu kwazo naziphi na izigidi zeerandi ezichithwe yimibutho ekufumaneni amalungu.โ
Ngo-1996 (ngaxeshanye nokulungiselela ugwayimbo lwe-UPS), uCarey waqalisa iphulo lakhe lesihlandlo sesibini njengomongameli womanyano. Uyibeke ecaleni i-TDU, eyayilawule kakhulu iphulo lakhe lokuqala, kwaye waqesha abasebenzi abanemvelaphi kwi-United Mineworkers Union (UMW), kwii-NGO, nakwi-Democratic Party ukuba baqhube iphulo lakhe lesibini. I-TDU isasebenza kwiphulo likaCarey, nangona ubukhulu becala izimele kubaphathi abatsha. UCarey waphumelela unyulo lowe-1996, emoyisa uJimmy Hoffa, Omnci. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba oosomashishini awayebazise bephuma ngaphandle ukuze balawule eli phulo balungiselele iqhinga elinzima lokusebenzisa amakhulu amawaka emali yombutho ukuze bamnyule kwakhona. Abathiywe njengababandakanyekayo kwesi sikimu ngamanye amagosa amakhulu emanyano, anjengoRichard Trumka, owayesakuba yinkokeli yohlaziyo ye-UMW kunye nonobhala-nondyebo we-AFL-CIO, kunye noGerald McEntee, umongameli we-American Federation of State, County kunye naBaqeshwa bakaMasipala. (AFSCME). UCarey wayeguqukele kulawulo lwezabasebenzi endaweni yenqanaba kunye nefayile, kwaye iziphumo zaba yintlekele.
Xa iskimu sorhwaphilizo satyhilwa, ijaji yomanyano yayalela iTeamsters ukuba iphinde iqhube unyulo, kodwa umveleli onyulwe yinkundla wamnqanda uCarey ekubeni afune isikhundla. Emva koko iBhodi yoHlolo oluZimeleyo eyayisekwe yi-RICO settlement yafumanisa ukuba uCarey "uvale amehlo akhe" kwinkohlakalo eyenzekayo ukuze iBhodi iqhube phambili, imxoshe kumanyano. Akukho mathandabuzo okuba watshutshiswa ngabagwebi nabaveleli bomanyano. Ekugqibeleni uCarey waxoxwa ityala waza wacinywa kuzo zonke izityholo. Ngokucacileyo, i-UPS yayifuna ukuzikhupha kuCarey kwaye ifumane inkokeli yemanyano enobuhlobo ngakumbi, umlindi omdala wayefuna ukubuyela kwiintsuku zozuko olukhohlakeleyo, kwaye ezinye izinto ngaphakathi kurhulumente wase-US zazifuna ukwaphula amandla omanyano. Ukanti, nangona ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo watshutshiswayo, kukwayinyani ukuba uCarey wamema kwiqela elaliqhuba iphulo lakhe (ngendlela efanayo namaphulo anjalo ngamanye amaxesha aqhutywa ezinye iimanyano) nokuba ubuqhophololo buyenzeke kwiwotshi yakhe. Omnye usenokugqiba kwelokuba ukuba uCarey wayengazi, kungenxa yokuba wayengafuni ukwazi.
Njengoko uCarey egxothiwe kwimanyano, uTom Leedham, umhlobo ohlonitshwa kakhulu weTDU, wangena kwibhulukhwe njengomgqatswa wohlaziyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunye noCarey kunye nemikhosi yohlaziyo ihlaziywe, uJimmy Hoffa, Jr. woyisa iLeedham 54.5 ekhulwini ukuya kwi-39.3 yeepesenti (kunye neepesenti ze-28 zamalungu avotayo). I-Carey yonyulo fiasco yayiyi-debacle ye-TDU, eyayidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo naye, kwaye ke, ukubuyisela umva kwintshukumo yohlaziyo lomanyano. Ukunyukela kukaHoffa Omnci. ukuba ngumongameli kwathetha ukuba ikhontrakthi ye-UPS eyayithembise ngemisebenzi yexesha elizeleyo nolunye uphuculo ayizange izaliseke, umsebenzi omninzi wohlaziyo lukaCarey awuzange ugqitywe, kwaza kwabakho ixesha elitsha lokusebenzisana kwemanyano nabaqeshi nokungahoywa kwabasebenzi. amalungu ebeqalile. Kuya kuhlala phantse iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu.
Xa sijonga umva, kubonakala kucacile ukuba imbono kaRon Carey yohlaziyo lweemanyano yayilinganiselwe kukuzinikela kwakhe kumanyano lwamashishini. Wayekholelwa ukuba angakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla angaphantsi ukuze aguqule umanyano ukusuka phezulu. Wayekholelwa ukuba umanyano, ukuba lwalukhululekile kwiMafiya, lwalunokuthi, ngokubandakanyeka kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yothethathethwano lwezivumelwano olukhatshwa lugwayimbo lwamajoni, ukuba kuyimfuneko, luzuze ubomi obundilisekileyo kumntu wonke. Kwakhona wayekholelwa ukuba abona balingane bakhe babekwisikhundla solawulo lwemanyano - njengabasebenzi beManyano yabasebenzi baseMigodini ababesebenza kwiphulo lakhe lesibini - endaweni yesikhundla nefayile yombutho wakhe. Umbono kaCarey weminyaka yoo-1950 kunye nowama-60s wezinto, umbono osekelwe kwixesha elide lempumelelo yexesha langaphambili, wamshiya engaxhobanga xa ejongana nenkqubo yongxowankulu kunye neengxaki zayo, ubugcisa obutsha, iinguqu kushishino, imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha yezoqoqosho, kunye nokutshintsha kwezopolitiko. amandla. UCarey uqulathe imida yohlaziyo lweeyuniyoni ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.
Kuyakwenzeka ntoni ngo-O'Brien?
Ubunkokeli obutsha obukhethiweyo, obukhokelwa nguMongameli uSean O'Brien, baya kuthatha amandla kumanyano ngo-Matshi 2022. Iqela lobunkokeli le-Teamsters United liyimbumba ebandakanya uSean O'Brien noFred Zuckerman, ababekade bephikisana nabaphuma kuJimmy Hoffa. , Ulawulo oluncinci ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kwaye emva koko bobabini basebenzisana ne-Teamsters yeDemocratic Union. UZuckerman wahlukana noHoffa, Jr. kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye wagijima ngokumelene naye kumongameli we-Teamster ngo-2016 kunye nenkxaso ye-TDU, ngelixa u-O'Brien wahlukana noHoffa ngo-2018. ngo-TDU, kunye ne-TDU ngokunjalo baye babagxeka bobabini. Kodwa ngo-2021, badibana bonke ukuze boyise uSteve Vairma, omnye umlawuli weHoffa. Yintoni enokulindelwa xa olo manyano lungena kulawulo?
Kuyo yonke le minyaka ingamashumi amane anesihlanu edlulileyo, i-TDU iququzelele abasebenzi emsebenzini nakwiimanyano zasekuhlaleni, kwaye yaxhasa abagqatswa besizwe kubunkokeli. Ikwenze oko ngexesha elide lenzolo yabasebenzi, njengoko yonke imibutho yabasebenzi ilahlekelwe ngamalungu, kwaye uqhankqalazo luye lwanqabile. Umququzeleli kazwelonke we-TDU kunye nabasebenzi basebenze iiyure ezinde befumana imivuzo ephantsi ukugcina umbutho uqhuba. Ubulungu be-TDU, ayizange ibe nkulu kakhulu, amawaka ambalwa kakhulu, aguquguqukayo, izahluko zendawo zafika kwaye zahamba, kodwa i-TDU yaqhubeka iququzelela, idala izahluko ezitsha kunye nokugaya amalungu amatsha, anamandla phakathi kwabasebenzi be-UPS, ukuze amaxesha ngamaxesha, akwazi ukunceda ekunyuleni izileyiti zohlaziyo lwengingqi. Ngexesha leminyaka ezolileyo, i-TDU yafumana amaqela amatsha okulwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo apho ubukho babo benza intshukumo yahluka kancinci ngokwenkcubeko nangokwenkcubeko. I-TDU yenze umsebenzi oncomekayo ekuqeqesheni abasebenzi ekusingatheni izikhalazo, amaphulo ekhontrakthi, ukuqhuba unyulo lwasekuhlaleni, kodwa njengombutho, ayizange izame ukuxoxa ngomba ojongene nombutho wabasebenzi ngokubanzi โ ishiya loo nto. Amanqaku abasebenzi โ kwaye ibingafane ithathele ingqalelo imicimbi yezentlalo okanye yezopolitiko yesizwe.
Ngaloo minyaka, inkokeli ezimiseleyo ye-TDU, u-Ken Paff, waqhubeka ejonga ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuzisa utshintsho kwi-Teamsters. Ithuba lavela kwiingxoxo zenkontileka ye-UPS ye-2018. Kumngeni uHoffa, oMnci. kuloo nkontileka ye-UPS, i-TDU yayihlangene noFred Zuckerman, intloko ye-Local 89 eLouisville, eKentucky, owathi, exhaswa yi-TDU, wayegijimela umongameli we-Teamster ngokumelene noHoffa, Jr. ngo-2016, elahlekelwa kancinci malunga. 6,600 iivoti. Njengoko iphulo liqhubela phambili, uSean O'Brien, intloko yeBoston Local 25 kunye nenkokeli yeengxoxo ze-UPS, ucebise ukongeza uZuckerman kwiqela le-bargaining, ekhokelela uHoffa, Jr. ukuba athathe iingxoxo ze-UPS kude ne-O'Brien. U-O'Brien ke waba ngumntu ophambili kwiphulo 'lokuvotela hayi' kwikhontrakthi.
Uninzi lwabasebenzi be-UPS - i-54 ekhulwini - ekugqibeleni ivotela ngokuchasene nekhontrakthi, kodwa phantsi kwemithetho ye-Teamster emva koko, yathatha isibini kwisithathu ukugatya isivumelwano (kuphela i-44 ekhulwini yamalungu afanelekileyo athathe inxaxheba kwi-referendum yokuqinisekiswa). Ngokuchasene nesininzi, uHoffa, Omnci. wamisela isivumelwano esingathandwayo. Emva kwezo ziganeko, uZuckerman kunye no-O'Brien badibanisa kwaye bagqiba ekubeni baqhubele iiofisi eziphezulu kwimanyano. I-TDU ke kwafuneka yenze isigqibo malunga nento eza kuyenza. Umququzeleli kazwelonke we-TDU u-Ken Paff woyisa ukuchasana kwaye waqinisekisa ubunkokeli be-TDU kunye nombutho ngokubanzi ukuba bamkele isileyiti se-OZ, bexoxa ukuba utshintsho olude olufunwayo ngoku luya kwenzeka ngokudibanisa 'uhlaziyo oluvela phezulu nangaphantsi'.
Ngaba i-OZ slate kunye neqela layo le-Teamsters United xa lithelekiswa nomanyano lweCarey-TDU? Owokugqibela wayenobudlelwane bentsebenziswano obakhelwe kwiminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi oqhelekileyo kwiikontraki ze-UPS. Babeneenjongo ekwabelwana ngazo โ nangona kukho ukungavisisani okukhulu emva konyulo lukaCarey โ okwabangela ukuba bakwazi ukusebenzisana njengamaqabane, okona kubalulekileyo kwikhontrakthi ye-UPS. Ubudlelwane bukaSean O'Brien kunye ne-TDU, ubuncinci ekuqaleni, bahluke ngokupheleleyo. O'Brien eneneni wagrogrisa ngokohlwaya i-TDU-backed reformers union in Teamster Local 251 in Providence, Rhode Island, owaqhuba isileyiti sohlaziyo ngokuchasene nomntu obambeleyo othandwa ngu-O'Brien. Isongelo sika-O'Brien sobundlobongela senza ukuba iBhodi yoHlolo oluZimeleyo eyenziwe yi-RICO inyanzelise u-O'Brien ululeko kunye nokumiswa kweentsuku ezili-14 kuzo zonke izikhundla zomanyano. Ngaphaya koko, u-O'Brien unegama elibi, kwaye abalandeli bakhe kwindawo yakhe yaseBoston, abathi ngamanye amaxesha basebenzise ulwimi olucalulayo nolugxekayo kwimigca yeepikethi zomanyano, ngokucacileyo ababi bonke ngedemokhrasi kunye nokulingana kwe TDU.
Nangona kunjalo, xa u-O'Brien wayethetha kwindibano ye-TDU ngo-Okthobha ka-2021, wathi kwindibano, "Umanyano lwethu ne-TDU, i-Teamsters United, naye nabani na ongomnye ofuna ukulwa nabaqeshi uya kuhlala ngaphaya kolu lonyulo." U-O'Brien uye watsho ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba i-TDU yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomanyano. Ngaphambi kwephulo lakhe waye walungisa ubudlelwane kunye ne-Local 251 e-Providence, kwaye elinye lamagosa ayo, uMat Taibi, wakhethwa kwisileyiti sebhodi yesigqeba sika-O'Brien waza waba nguMongameli weNgingqi yaseMpuma.
I-TDU kunye namalungu ayo bomelezwa ngumsebenzi wabo wamva nje kwiphulo le-Teamsters United, kwaye bajonge phambili ekwenzeni umanyano lube nedemokhrasi ngakumbi kwaye lube namandla ngakumbi. U-O'Brien uthathe amandla ngebhodi yesigqeba esitsha esibandakanya uhlaziyo lokwenyani, kuquka isibini samalungu e-TDU. Ngelixa i-TDU idlale indima ekuphumeleleni kukamongameli omtsha, akucaci ukuba izakuba nefuthe elikhulu. I-TDU iphakamise imiba ebalulekileyo, efana nohlengahlengiso lwamacandelo oshishino lomanyano, ukuqhubeka komlo wamagosa anyuliweyo, kunye nolungiselelo logwayimbo lokuthuthwa kweemoto kunye nase-UPS. Ngaba u-O'Brien uza kuzithatha zonke ezi zinto? Ngaba u-O'Brien uza kudibanisa amalungu e-TDU kulawulo lwakhe? Ngaba uya kuqesha amalungu e-TDU ukuba asebenze kubasebenzi belizwe be-IBT? Ngoku njengoko imanyene no-O'Brien, ngaba i-TDU iya kukwazi ukuqhubeka idlala indima yayo ezimeleyo, okanye ngaba amalungu ebhodi ye-TDU kunye nabasebenzi bombutho kulindeleke ukuba bavele bathi ewe? Yonke le mibuzo isetafileni.
Okokuqala, ngaba olu iya kuba lulawulo lohlaziyo? Ngelixa uZuckerman no-O'Brien bavukela ulawulo lwe-Hoffa, Jr., kwaye ngakumbi ngokuchasene nokusilela kwayo ukulwa ne-UPS, kunjalo, bobabini kunye nabanye kwi-slate baphuma kuloo lawulo, kwaye kuya kuhlala kubonakala ukuba baya kuba. ukwazi ukwahlukana nobudlelwane obudala kunye nezenzo. Ubunkokeli bukaHoffa, Omnci. buphawulwe kukuhamba-hamba, kubudlelwane kunye nabaqeshi, befuna indawo yokuhlala kunokuba bacele umngeni kubaphathi. U-Hoffa, Jr. kunye nezinye iinkokeli ze-Teamster aziphumelelanga ukulwa nemivuzo ephezulu, zamkela iikontrakthi zemigangatho emibini, zafumana ukuncitshiswa kwepenshini, kwaye, ngokubanzi, zijongene nokuwohloka kwezivumelwano zomanyano. Kuyo yonke le minyaka iHoffa Jr., amagosa aphezulu aqhubeka ehlawulwa imivuzo egqithileyo, ngaphezulu kweshumi esenza ngaphezulu kwe-300,000 yeedola ngonyaka kwaye amabini enza ngaphezulu kweedola ezingama-400,000, ngelixa nabona basebenzi bahlawulwa kakhulu kwimanyano yeTeamsters bengafane benze i-100,000 yeedola ngonyaka, abanye barhola i-80,00 yeedola. ,190,000, kwaye abaninzi benza kancinci kakhulu. U-O'Brien ngokwakhe wenza ngaphezulu kweedola ezili-150,000 kunye noFred Zuckerman i-$XNUMX. TDU's Uluhlu-kunye-Ifayile Bill of Rights uthe, "Akukho gosa kufuneka lenze ngaphezulu kwawona malungu asebenzayo ahlawulwa kakhulu kulawulo lwakhe." Kodwa oko Umqulu wamalungelo yarhoxiswa kweyona ndibano yakutshanje ye-TDU, kuxelwe ukuba iza kuhlaziywa kwaye ihlaziywe.
Sekunjalo, kubonakala ngathi izinto ziyatshintsha. Kwindibano yemanyano yeTeamsters ebibanjwe ehlotyeni edlulileyo, abathunywa abamele umanyano - u-O'Brien, uZuckerman, kunye ne-TDU - babambe malunga nesiqingatha seevoti kwaye baphumelela iinguqu ezintathu ezibalulekileyo. Abathunywa bavotele umthetho wesininzi kwikhontrakthi, ephelisa umthetho owawufuna isibini kwisithathu ukuba sivotele isivumelwano. Bakwavotele kumgaqo-siseko inqaku elitsha elichaza ukuba yonke ikomiti yeengxoxo kufuneka ngoku iquke amalungu akwinqanaba kunye nefayile. Ekugqibeleni, ingqungquthela yaphumeza isigqibo sokuba izibonelelo zogwayimbo ziya kwabiwa ukususela kusuku lokuqala logwayimbo, kungekhona ngomhla wesibhozo, njengangaphambili. Olu lutshintsho olubalulekileyo, olunentsingiselo olunika amanqanaba amandla angaphezulu kumanyano lwawo kunye nokujongana nabaqeshi.
Uqhankqalazo lwe-UPS oluphumeleleyo ngo-2023?
UFred Zuckerman ngo-2016 kunye noSean O'Brien ngo-2021 bobabini baphikisana ukuba phantsi kweHoffa i-Teamsters ayiphumelelanga ukuthatha i-UPS kwaye kwakuyimfuneko ngokwenene ukwenza njalo. I-TDU iyavumelana nabo bobabini kuloo nto. Umbuzo ke ngowokuba, ngaba abalawuli baseO'Brien baya kukwazi ukucela umngeni koyena mqeshi omnye mkhulu wombutho, baququzelele uqhankqalazo, kwaye bazuze iinzuzo ezivakalayo kumalungu abo kwikhontrakthi ka-2023?
Ngaba u-O'Brien kunye neqela lakhe baya kukwazi ukuququzelela ugwayimbo lwesizwe olunjalo, njengoko uCarey wenzayo ngoncedo lwe-TDU? Ngaba iqela le-OZ liya kuba nako ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso kunye nekhono lokulawula ukulisebenzisa? U-O'Brien unegama lokuba ngumlwi ochasene ne-UPS kunye namava kwizikhundla zobunkokeli, kungekuphela nje njengenkokeli ye-Local 25, kodwa kwakhona njengenkokeli yeNew England Joint Council of Teamsters, intloko yeCandelo lePackage, kunye nomxoxisi oyintloko we. ikhontrakthi ye-UPS kwi-2017. (Khumbula ukuba uHoffa, Jr. wamsusa kweso sikhundla sokugqibela emva kokuba u-O'Brien ebhengeze ukuba ufuna ukubeka uFred Zuckerman wendawo yaseLouisville kwiqela. Yiloo nto eyakhokelela ekuphumeni kuka-O'Brien Hoffa kunye nobudlelwane bakhe noZuckerman.) Ngelixa u-O'Brien ebambe izikhundla ezibalulekileyo, akazange akhokele uqhankqalazo olukhulu lwengingqi okanye lwesizwe ngokuchasene nequmrhu elinamandla lezigidi ngezigidi zeerandi. Ukukhokela ukulwa ne-UPS kuya kumvavanya. U-O'Brien, ophuma kulawulo oludala kwaye unoqhagamshelwano oluninzi phakathi kwamagosa ombutho, unokuziva ethembele kwiinkokheli zombutho wendawo kwaye akafuni iqela elifana ne-TDU ukuba liququzelele kwaye liphumelele.
Abasebenzi be-UPS bafuna ukubona ukuphuculwa kwekhontrakthi kwiindawo ezininzi. Namhlanje i-UPS inekhontrakthi enamanqanaba amaninzi kunye nomahluko wemivuzo phakathi kwabasebenzi abasisigxina kunye nabexeshana. Kukwakho nomba wabo babizwa ngokuba ngabasebenzi abangama-'22.4' abamele inqanaba lomvuzo ophantsi (i-$6.00 ngaphantsi kweyure). Imfuno yembali yemisebenzi esisigxina inokufuneka iqwalaselwe kwakhona kunye nezinye iimfuno zokunyusa imivuzo yabasebenzi bexeshana kunye nokuphelisa inqanaba le-22.4. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, abasebenzi baya kufuna imivuzo eyongezelelekileyo kunye neemeko ezingcono. I-UPS iya kuxhathisa kangakanani iimfuno zombutho? Ngaba ikomishini iya kuvuma ukwenza iminyinyiva ukuze iqhubeke neshishini, kwaye ngaba u-O'Brien angakulungela ukwamkela oko bakunika kona, umzekelo, ukuba bawacimile amanqanaba, ebanga uloyiso kodwa aphephe ugwayimbo? Mhlawumbi.
Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga ne-UPS, kufuneka sijonge ishishini lokuhambisa iphakheji kunye nokutshintsha kobudlelwane phakathi kwe-UPS ne-Amazon.
I-Teamsters ngokwembali ibikwimeko entle yokujongana ne-UPS kuba ibimelwe ngumanyano kangangamashumi eminyaka kwaye inabakhuphisana abambalwa basekhaya, nangona ukusilela komanyano ekuququzeleleni iFedEx kunye neFedEx Ground kububuthathaka. Njengomthwalo, iinkampani zokuhambisa iphakheji azilawulwa, oko kuthetha ukuba iinkampani ezintsha ezinikezela ngamaxabiso aphantsi zinokungena kukhuphiswano kunye nempahla emiselweyo. IAmazon iza kwenza kanye loo nto.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-UPS kunye ne-Amazon bukhumbuza enye into phakathi kwe-United States ne-China. Kangangexesha elide bebengamaqabane ezoqoqosho kodwa ngoku baye bakhuphisana, yaye imfazwe isenokuba isemnyango.
IAmazon yaqala njengomthengisi weencwadi kodwa kungekudala yaba yinkonzo yentengiso ye-intanethi yentengiso yeemveliso zeenkampani ezininzi kwaye bezithengisa kwi-Intanethi kubathengi. Iimveliso ezithengwe nge-Amazon zihanjiswe kumthengi yi-US Post Service (USPS), yi-FedEx, okanye yi-UPS. Ngoku, nangona kunjalo, iAmazon igqithile kuzo zombini i-UPS kunye neFedEx ekuhanjisweni kwephakheji. IAmazon kuthiwa "inabaqhubi abangama-400,000 kwihlabathi liphela, iilori ezingama-40,000, iiveni ezingama-30,000, kunye neqela leenqwelomoya ezingaphezu kwama-70" (CNBC). Inkonzo yomoya yaseAmazon yomibini ithwala imveliso eyithengisayo kwi-Intanethi kwaye ngoku iphethe imithwalo okanye iipakethi zamaqela esithathu ngokunjalo. I-Amazon yaqala i-package yeenqwelo zeenqwelo zayo ngee-20,000 ze-diesel Sprinter vans ezivela kwi-Mercedes-Benz, kodwa inkampani isanda ku-odola i-100,000 yeenqwelo zombane zombane ezivela e-Rivian ukuba zihanjiswe ngo-2030. yakwaFiat Chrysler nePeugeot), iiveni zombane ezili-1,800 10,000 ezivela kwaDaimler, kunye ne-XNUMX leemoto ezinamavili amathathu ezisuka eMahindra, inkampani yaseIndiya. Esi sixhobo sininzi esikwaziyo ukuhambisa iipakethe ezininzi.
IAmazon ukususela ekusekweni kwayo isebenze ngokucwangcisiweyo nangempumelelo ukuthintela umbutho weemanyano zabasebenzi eUnited States. Kwiminyaka eliqela edlulileyo, kuye kwakho iinzame ezahlukeneyo zokuququzelela abasebenzi baseAmazon ngemibutho yabasebenzi, imanyano yabasebenzi, nangamaqela athile ashiyekileyo - kodwa nangona bekukho uqhanqalazo, ukuhamba okuncinci, kunye nezikhalazo zonyulo lomanyano, luhlala luqhanqalazo. vula ivenkile. Konke oku kwenza iAmazon ikhuphisane kakhulu ne-UPS, FedEx, kunye ne-USPS. Umatshini omkhulu omdaka we-UPS ngoku ujongene nomatshini omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka waseAmazon, okuthetha ukuba i-UPS kuya kufuneka ilwe kakhulu ukugcina iindleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi. Oku kunokwenza i-UPS ithathe isimo esinzima kugwayimbo lwexesha elizayo. Kwaye uqhankqalazo e-UPS lusenokungasebenzi njengoko lwalunjalo ukuba abathumeli kunye nabathengi banokujikela eAmazon. Ukuba u-O'Brien ukhokele ugwayimbo oluchasene ne-UPS, kunokuba nzima kunangaphambili.
Ukuba u-O'Brien kunye nolonyulo lwe-Teamster United 'luvula umnyango' kwi-rank-and-file action, njengoko i-Paff ibeka, oko kunokukhokelela kwintshukumo yabasebenzi bokwenyani enokutshintsha i-Teamsters kwaye ichaphazele intshukumo yabasebenzi ngokubanzi. . Ucango kufuneka luvulwe, kwaye irenki kunye nefayile kufuneka ilungiselelwe ukuthatha ithuba lokuvula. Ukuba kunjalo sinokubona ixesha elitsha labasebenzi kunye nokwanda komzabalazo wodidi kunye nokuqonda kodidi, kukho amaqela amancinci aphembelela intshukumo yabasebenzi abaninzi. Sasibona usuku olutsha lokuba umsebenzi ushiye.
I-Teamsters yobuNkokheli obuTsha kwiNtshukumo yezaBasebenzi kunye nezopolitiko
Sifanele sithethe amagama ambalwa malunga nobunkokeli bombutho we-Teamsters kwintlangano yabasebenzi kunye nezopolitiko kwixesha elizayo. I-Teamsters yagxothwa ngo-1957 kwi-AFL-CIO, umbutho we-ambrella apho uninzi lwemibutho yaseMelika ingamalungu, ngenxa yorhwaphilizo kunye nokwala ukusebenzisana neekomiti zeCongressional eziphanda umanyano. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu kamva, kwi-1987, xa uJackie Presser, i-arhente ephindwe kabini ye-Mafia-FBI yayingumongameli, i-Teamsters yaphinda yajoyina i-AFL-CIO. Xa uRon Carey ethatha ubunkokeli beTeamsters, wayekhokela umanyano ukuxhasa unyulo lukaJohn Sweeney, inkokeli yabasebenzi eqhubekayo eyazama ukuguqula i-federation. Abanye abaxhasi bangaphambili Sweeney kaThixo, nangona kunjalo, iinkokeli ezininzi zeemanyano ezinkulu, baqhawula kwi-federation endala ngo-2005 ukuze benze i-Strategic Organising Centre, eyaziwa ngokuba Guqula ukuze Win, umfelandawonye nezinye iimanyano ezinkulu eziliqela kunye namalungu abo 5.5 million. U-Hoffa, Jr. uthathe i-Teamsters kwiTshintsho ukuze uphumelele, kodwa ayiphumelelanga ukuzisa utshintsho oluninzi kwaye ayizange iphumelele kakhulu.
U-O'Brien uthi uzimisele ukucinga kwakhona ngokujoyina i-AFL-CIO kodwa akakenzi sigqibo malunga nayo. Abameli baphikisa ngelithi ukuphinda ujoyine i-AFL-CIO kuya kunika intshukumo yabasebenzi amandla amakhulu kodwa, inyani, imanyano ayingombutho oqhubela phambili kakhulu okanye onobundlongondlongo, awunawo amandla kumalungu ayo, kwaye amajelo amandla ayo amaninzi ekuxhaseni. iQela leDemokhrasi, elithe kangangamashumi eminyaka linento encinci kubasebenzi. Yimbali etshekishwayo eyona, kodwa ukuba i-Teamsters iba liziko lokwenyani lohlaziyo kunye nemfazwe kwaye ibeke amanqanaba entshukumo, ukuphinda ujoyine i-AFL-CIO kunokuba nefuthe elihle emsebenzini xa lilonke.
Ngokunxulumene nombuzo we-AFL-CIO ngumba weDemocratic Party. I-Teamsters yayifana nayo yonke eminye imibutho, ngokwembali ehambelana neDemocratic Party de uRobert Kennedy asukele uJimmy Hoffa ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Ngaphantsi kweFitzsimmons, ubunkokeli beTeamster buhambelana neRiphabhlikhi Party, nangona kamva, phantsi kweHoffa, Jr., yabuyela kwiDemocratic Party fold. Ngeli xesha, nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweeDemokhrasi zabasebenzi abamhlophe, amadoda kunye nabasetyhini, balishiya iqela kwaye baqala ukuvotela amaRiphabhlikhi kwaye emva koko uninzi lwabo baba ngabaxhasi okanye owayesakuba ngumongameli uDonald Trump. Xa uHoffa kunye nezinye iinkokheli ze-Teamster zibhengeza inkxaso yazo kuJoseph Biden njengomgqatswa womongameli, babesazi ukuba uninzi lwamalungu abo aluzukubahoya kwaye avotele uTrump.
Ngokubhekiselele kumaxabiso ezopolitiko kunye nenkqubo, mhlawumbi uBernie Sanders umele eyona ndlela ilungileyo yeqela leDemocratic Party for Teamsters kunye nabanye abantu abasebenzayo. Ukusukela oko amaphulo eSanders, nangona kunjalo, iphiko eliqhubela phambili leDemocratic Party alikhange libe nampumelelo ingako. Iidemokhrasi eziqhubela phambili ezifana no-Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez kunye 'neqela' ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa zigcinwe emgceni emva kweBiden kunye noSomlomo weNdlu uNancy Pelosi. USean O'Brien udibene noNobhala weBiden wezabaSebenzi uMartin Walsh, owayesakuba ngusodolophu wedolophu yase-O'Brien eBoston. U-O'Brien uye wancoma izikhundla ze-Biden zabasebenzi, ezifana nezicetywayo Ukukhusela iLungelo lokuQuquzelela uMthetho, ebonakala ngoku incinci okanye ingenalo ithuba lokudlula, kwaye izama ngokucacileyo ukuzibeka kwizinto ezintle ze-Biden White House. Ukuba i-Teamsters ngaxesha lithile kwixesha elizayo ukuba ibe ngumbutho wokulwa, umanyano oluqhubela phambili, inokubanika ithuba lokutyhala iiDemokhrasi ngasekhohlo kwaye, ukuba oko kusilele, i-Teamsters, ngokwethiyori, inokuba sisibonda sezopolitiko ezizimeleyo. intshukumo ngasekhohlo kweDemokhrasi. Ingcinga yetheko labasebenzi, itheko labasebenzi, inokubekwa kwi-ajenda. Kodwa ithemba laso nasiphi na isenzo esinjalo sezopolitiko esizimeleyo sabasebenzi, ngakumbi iqela labasebenzi, alikho kwi-ajenda yekamva elibonakalayo.
Amaqela amatsha kwiLizwe elitsha elinobukroti
USean O'Brien kunye neqela lakhe bazakuthatha amandla ngoMatshi kwinto, elandela umbhali wenoveli uAldous Huxley, esinokuthi Kwihlabathi elitsha elinenkalipho, enye eyi-dystopia evelayo eyenziwe yintlekele yokusingqongileyo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, iindyikityha eziphindaphindayo zeentsholongwane ezibulalayo, uqoqosho lwehlabathi oludodobalisayo, kunye nokutshintsha kwezopolitiko okufanelekileyo okubandakanya ithiyori yeyelenqe kunye nokukhula kolawulo-melo. Kuko konke oku kuye kwavela imfuduko yabantu abaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Intloko yenye yeemanyano ezinkulu nezinamandla kakhulu e-US kuya kufuneka ibonelele ngobunkokeli kungekuphela nje kwimiba yabasebenzi ngendlela emxinwa kodwa nakwimiba yezentlalo nezopolitiko ejongene nayo imanyano, abasebenzi, kunye nelizwe liphela. Ngaba ulawulo lwe-O'Brien luza kufikelela kulo?
Makhe sithathe umbuzo weethiyori zeyelenqe kunye nolawulo-melo. Siyazi ukuba iithiyori zeyelenqe, izimo zengqondo ezichasene nesayensi, ukungabikho kobumbano lwentlalo, ubuhlanga kunye nolwimi olugwenxa, kunye nenkxaso yamanani agunyazisiweyo afana neTrump zixhaphake phakathi kwabantu abamhlophe (kunye nabanye), kubandakanywa namalungu ombutho weTeamsters. Uninzi lwabantu abaneembono kunye nezimo zengqondo abakholelwa kwizizathu zomntu zokunyuka kobushushu behlabathi, abakholelwa ekusebenzeni kogonyo, imaski, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwentlalo njengempendulo kwintsholongwane, abazibophelelekanga ekulinganeni kwabantu bonke, abasayi kuxhasa. amaziko edemokhrasi afana nokuhlonipha umntu omnye, unyulo lwevoti enye, kwaye abanye baye baxhasa iTrump kunye neRiphabhlikhi Party kunye nobuhlanga kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-pro-shishini kunye ne-anti-yabasebenzi. Ukujongana nokutshintsha iimbono ezinjalo kubalulekile kwaye kuya kuba ngumsebenzi omkhulu kuyo nayiphi na inkokeli yombutho. Kodwa kunyanzelekile ukuba iTeamsters nazo zithathele ingqalelo ezi ngxaki ukuba zikhusela kwaye ziphucule ubomi babasebenzi kunye nobomi babo bonke kuluntu lwethu. Ukuthatha loo miba kuthetha ukwakha intshukumo enkulu yabasebenzi enenkqubela phambili, eyona nto inokuthi itshintshe uluntu lubengcono.
Imibutho ibisoloko imele uluvo lokuba simanyane kwimbumba yamanyama ukuze kulungelwe wonke umntu, emsebenzini nasentlalweni. Umbutho womanyano oluqhubela phambili ngenene ngewuqhube imfundo yezempilo kwinqanaba elibanzi phakathi kweemanyano zabasebenzi, ngewafuna kwasekuqaleni ukuba adlale indima ephambili kumaphulo ogonyo, kwaye ngewayekhokele ekufuneni ugonyo kubo bonke abantu baseMelika kunye nabantu kulo lonke ilizwe. Umhlaba njengomlinganiselo oyimfuneko wokukhusela konke kunye nokunqanda ukuqhubeka kotshintsho lwentsholongwane lube kukwahluka okutsha. Kodwa ezinye iinkokeli zemanyano zarhoxa kubagqugquzeli beyelenqe, abachasene ne-vaxxers, kunye nabantu abazimeleyo kwaye bachasa zombini ugonyo kunye nezigunyaziso zokufihla egameni 'lenkululeko' okanye 'inkolo engeyiyo'.
Ngokufanayo, i-Teamsters ubunkokeli obutsha kufuneka buqalise ukufundisa ubulungu ngokubanzi malunga nomba wokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke izibaso zekhabhoni ukuze kupheliswe isilumkiso sehlabathi, ukuyibeka njengomlo ochasene neenkampani ezinamandla zegesi kunye neoyile ezilawula ezopolitiko zelizwe kwaye zikhokele ilizwe. kwiimfazwe zamazwe angaphandle. Kukulwa ne-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi, umzabalazo wokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha ekhabhoni ngokupheleleyo - kwaye ke, ngumngeni othile kwishishini lezothutho, imibutho yayo kunye nabasebenzi. I-Teamsters, esebenzisana namaqela okusingqongileyo, kuya kufuneka iphuhlise isicwangciso esikholisayo sokutshintshwa kwezigidi zabasebenzi abaya kuchaphazeleka kunye nesicwangciso sokuguqula eso sicwangciso sibe ngumthetho. USean O'Brien unokuba nezimvo kwimiba enjalo, kodwa akubonakali zininzi kwirekhodi yoluntu.
Njengoko abalawuli abangoozwilakhe begxeka abasebenzi bebala kunye nabaphambukeli ngengxaki yesizwe, abasebenzi baye bahlukana ngokunzulu. UTrump kunye namaRiphabhlikhi baye batyhola abantu baseMexico, amaTshayina kunye nama-Arab-Muslim ngeengxaki zesizwe, ngelixa utshaba lokwenene lusekhaya: iklasi yongxowankulu baseMelika. Ubunkokeli obutsha beTeamster kuya kufuneka buphuhlise inkqubo yokulwa nobuhlanga, ukukhusela abasebenzi bemibala kunye nabafuduki, iinjongo ezinokuguqulelwa kwiimfuno zekhontrakthi kunye nomthetho, kuba ukuba asibakhuseli abantu bemibala kunye nabafuduki, asiyi kukwazi khusela kwaye wakhe intshukumo emanyeneyo yabasebenzi. Ekulweleni zonke ezi zinto, Amanqaku abasebenzi kunye neminye imibutho yepro-labour eqhubekayo inokudlala indima eyakhayo ekuncedeni i-Teamsters.
Ukuba imanyano yeTeamsters iza kuba yedemokhrasi ngakumbi, ibe namandla ngakumbi, kwaye ibe nefuthe kwezopolitiko, kuya kuthatha intshukumo enkulu yenqanaba kunye nefayile ukusuka ngezantsi. Umbutho onjalo, osuka kumaziko aphantsi, kuya kufuneka usebenzise amandla ayo ezoqoqosho nezentlalo ukujongana nabaqeshi kunye nokuchasa ukungenelela kukarhulumente okanye ingcinezelo. Njengazo zonke iintshukumo zangaphambili zabasebenzi kunye nezentlalo, iiTeamsters kuya kufuneka zilungele ukwaphula umthetho. Mhlawumbi isileyiti se-OZ kunye noloyiso lwe-Teamsters United, olumele njengoko lusenza ikhefu kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu yeenkokeli ezilondolozayo, luya kudala ukuvulwa kophuhliso olunjalo. Kodwa amanqanaba kuya kufuneka ahlukane nenkqubo yomanyano lwamashishini kwaye agatye umbono wohlaziyo oluvela phezulu. AmaSoshiyali, ngokuchasa kwawo inkqubo yobukapitali, ukuhlalutya kwawo okugxekayo kulawulo lwabasebenzi, nokuzibophelela kwawo kwidemokhrasi namandla abasebenzi angadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumbutho onjalo. โข
Eli nqaku laqala njengenkcazo kwiProjekthi yeSocialist yeKomiti yeMisebenzi yaseCanada. Umbhali ubulela abathathi-nxaxheba ngemibuzo kunye namagqabaza abo. Ndiyabulela kwii-Teamsters zangaphambili kunye nezangoku kunye namalungu e-TDU athethe nam. Kwaye enkosi ngokunjalo kuKim Moody kunye noLois Weiner ngokufunda kunye nokuphawula kweli nqaku. Ndim ndedwa onoxanduva kolu guqulelo lokugqibela.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela