Inyani yokuba iinkcukacha zesivumelwano soxolo sokugqibela se-Israel-Palestine esifikelelwe ngummeli we-PLO eJerusalem uSari Nusseibeh, kunye no-Ami Ayalon, owayesakuba yintloko yamapolisa ayimfihlo yakwa-Israel "Shin Bet" yapapashwa eHaaretz ngaphandle kwengxelo yentatheli, icebisa ukuba olu xwebhu. ngokwenene ngumsebenzi wababhali babini ngokwabo ("Isivumelwano seNusseibeh-Ayalon: I-Final Draft Cover Letter," Septemba 3, 2002).
Imixholo kwakhona idiza ubukhali othusayo apho abanye abantu basePalestine bazimisele ukulahla awona malungelo asisiseko asePalestina, ukwamkela ikhonkco, umgca kunye neengxoxo ezinzulu zakwaSirayeli zokuba ukuqonda la malungelo akunakwenzeka ngelixa kwangaxeshanye phantse zonke iinjongo zikaSirayeli zifezekisiwe.
Uninzi lweengcamango kuxwebhu lweNusseibeh-Ayalon lufana neengcamango zeCamp David ezingacacanga zokugcina iindawo zokuhlala zakwa-Israeli, ngelixa zidibanisa kwaSirayeli, ilizwe lasePalestina elingenamkhosi "elisekwe" kwimida ye-1967, kunye neYerusalem "njengesixeko esivulekileyo. โ
Kufihlwe emva kolwimi loxolelwaniso yimbuyekezo etyebileyo kuSirayeli, konke oko kuyindleko yabantu basePalestina amalungelo asisiseko, angenakohluthwa. Ngokwesivumelwano esiyilwayo:
โAbantu basePalestine nabantu bamaYuda [babe] elowo kubo bawaqonda amalungelo embali omnye ngokubhekiselele kumhlaba omnye. Abantu bamaYuda bebefuna izizukulwana ngezizukulwana ukuseka ilizwe lamaYuda kuzo zonke iindawo zeLizwe lakwaSirayeli, ngelixa abantu basePalestine ngokufanayo bafuna ukuseka ilizwe kuzo zonke iindawo zasePalestina.Ke, into yokuba amaPalestine enze uninzi lwabemi basePalestine, kwaye bahlala kumhlaba wabo kangangeenkulungwane nangaphezulu ngaphambi kokusekwa kukaSirayeli ngumbutho wasemzini wamakoloniyali, kunye nenyaniso yokuba isithathu kwisihlanu samaPalestina banyanzelwa ukuba baphume. ngaphezu kwamakhulu amane eedolophu kunye neelali ezitshatyalaliswe kwaye zachithwa yimikhosi yamaZiyoni ngo-1947-48, azihoywa. Endaweni yoko, olu lwimi lukhwankqisayo lukhohlisayo luwaphatha amaSirayeli kunye namaPalestina ngokungathi bobabini babengabaphambukeli ngokulinganayo, kwaye bobabini beza ePalestine besuka kwenye indawo benomnqweno olinganayo wokuhlala kwilizwe ababengenalo.
Ngelixa kubonakala ngathi abantu basePalestina namaYuda bakwinqanaba elilinganayo, olu lwimi lwenza okwahlukileyo. Ukuyamkela kunyanzelisa abantu basePalestina ukuba balibale ngayo yonke into ngembali yabo kunye noko kwenziwa kubo ngumbutho wamaZiyoni, owathi kwasekuqaleni wawuthetha 'ngokudluliselwa,' kunye nenyaniso yabo yangoku njengabantu abahluthiweyo, abagxothiweyo nabathotyiweyo. Ngaxeshanye ifuna ukuba sibeke intsomi yeZionist-yamaYuda kunye neminqweno phambili kwingqiqo yethu kunye nezinto eziphambili. Kuphela kungobuqhetseba obunjalo bembali apho ifikelela khona 'ibhalansi.'
KuNusseibeh, okwangumongameli weDyunivesithi yase-Al-Quds, ukuba asayine kuxwebhu oluthi "iindawo ezihlala ama-Arabhu eYerusalem ziya kuba phantsi kolongamo lwasePalestina," ngelixa "iindawo zamaYuda" ziya kuba "phantsi kolongamo lwase-Israel" ivakala isengqiqweni ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa oku kukuphindaphinda nje ifomyula eyamkelwa nguMongameli Clinton ngoDisemba 2000. Ithetha ukuthini, ngokufutshane, kukuba u-Israyeli uvumelekile ukuba agcine zonke iikoloni ezisungulwe ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokunyanzeliswa, kumhlaba ohluthiweyo wasePalestina ngaphakathi nangaphakathi. Yathimba iMpuma yeYerusalem ukususela ngowe-1967.
Ngokwemvelo, ngelixa i-East Jerusalem ihlukaniswe ngokungenasiphelo kunye ne-chunks enkulu enikezelwa ku-Israel kunye namaPalestina ahlawula ixabiso, akukho mbuzo wokuba amaPalestina aphinde aphinde aphinde aphinde afumane umhlaba kunye namalungelo abo kwi-West Jerusalem, apho ngaphezu kwe-30,000 yaxoshwa kwi-1947. -48.
Okona kuphazamisayo koko kutshiwo sisivumelwano malunga nelungelo leembacu zasePalestine ukuba zibuyele kumakhaya azo:
"Ilungelo lokuBuyela: Ukuqaphela ukubandezeleka kunye neentlungu zababaleki basePalestina, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, i-Israel kunye nelizwe lasePalestina liya kuqalisa kwaye lifake isandla kwingxowa-mali yamazwe ngamazwe ukuhlawulela ababaleki. Iimbacu zasePalestine ziya kubuyela kuphela kwilizwe lasePalestina; AmaYuda aya kubuyela kwiLizwe lakwaSirayeli kuphela.โKwakhona, emva kokubonakala kolungelelwaniso, kukucuthwa kwamalungelo oluntu asisiseko. Ilungelo lokubuyisela libhalwe kwiSibhengezo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu esithi โwonkโ ubani unelungelo lokushiya nakweliphi na ilizwe, kuquka nelakhe aze abuyele kwilizwe lakhe.โ Amashumi eminyaka omthetho wezizwe ngezizwe uyawuxhasa lo mgaqo. Ukulandela ukugxothwa kunye nokubaleka kwabo kwi-1947-48 lo mgaqo wasetyenziswa ngokukodwa kumaPalestina kwi-UN Resolution 194 ethi
"Iimbacu ezinqwenela ukubuyela kumakhaya azo kwaye zihlale ngoxolo nabamelwane bazo kufuneka zivunyelwe ukuba zikwenze oko kwangoko, kwaye imbuyekezo kufuneka ihlawulwe ngepropathi yabo bakhetha ukungabuyi..."Ilungelo lokubuya limiliselwe kakuhle kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukusukela kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kangangokuba mva nje ezinye iingcali zomthetho zakwaSirayeli ziye zabhenela kwiisemantics ukuzama ukuyiphepha. Bathi ekubeni iSigqibo se-194 singalisebenzisi ngokwenene igama elithi โilungeloโ yaye sisithi kuphela abantu basePalestina โbafaneleโ bavunyelwe ukuba babuye, licebiso lobuhlobo kuphela elingeyomfuneko esemthethweni.
Ukuba ubugocigoci obunjalo bunokwamkelwa ngokubanzi, zonke iintlobo zamalungelo asisiseko zinokunyamalala xa kuthuthwa umsi. Ngokomzekelo, ubani unokuphikisa ngokulula kwisibakala sokuba isiHlomelo sokuQala soMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States sisilela ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa igama elithi โilungeloโ ngokunxibelelene nenkululeko yokuthetha, amaphephandaba nonqulo, ngoxa silisebenzisa ngokungqalileyo igama elithi โilungeloโ kwezinye izinto. , ukuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye nabantu baseMelika baye benza impazamo kangangeenkulungwane kwaye sisindululo sobuhlobo kuphela sokuba ezi nkululeko kufuneka zikhuselwe.
Ikhonkco elidibeneyo: Ilungelo lasePalestina lokuBuyela (pdf) ngu-Ali Abunimah noHussein Ibish; Washington, DC: ADC Research Institute, 2001)
Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-UN Resolution 194 echaza ngokucacileyo injongo yababhali kunye nabamkeli (phakathi kwabo kwakukho i-United States) ukuqaphela ilungelo labantu basePalestina ukuba babuyele "kwilizwe lasePalestina" kodwa kumakhaya abo naphi na apho loo makhaya ayekhona, kodwa idibanisa. eli lungelo lokuzuza uxolo, ekubeni elo lungelo lifanele lisetyenziswe zezo mbacu โzinqwenela ukuhlala ngoxolo nabamelwane bazo.โ
Nangona kunjalo, umbutho weZionist uye wakwazi ukuguqula esi sigqibo entloko kwaye uqinisekisa abantu abaninzi, abanye babo ngokubonakalayo kwizinto eziseleyo zobunkokeli basePalestina, ukuba kukho ilungelo lokubuya okanye uxolo, kodwa kungekhona zombini. Ukwamkela le ngqiqo kuthetha ukwamkela isiseko seZionist sokuba imfuno yakwaSirayeli kufuneka ikwazi ukugcina uninzi lwamaYuda nakwixabiso lobulungisa obusisiseko, amalungelo oluntu asisiseko kunye nedemokhrasi, kufuneka ibe yinjongo ephambili yomntu wonke, kubandakanywa nabasePalestina.
Ngelixa phantse onke amaSirayeli alikhanyela ilungelo labantu basePalestina lokubuyela kumakhaya abo, ngoku uSirayeli ufuna ukuba amaPalestina aqonde ukuba uSirayeli 'unelungelo lokuphila njengelizwe lamaYuda.' Oku akunasiseko kwaphela kuwo nawuphi na umthetho okanye umgaqo wobulungisa. Nokuba amaPalestine ayamqaphela uSirayeli njengelizwe lamaJuda, akukho mntu unokulinika ilungelo lokugcina ubume bendawo ethile - uninzi lwamaJuda - ngonaphakade. Ukwenza oko kuya kuthetha ukuba ukuba iinkqubo zendalo zokwanda kwabemi, ukufuduka kunye nokufuduka kwakuza kutshintsha ukubunjwa kwabantu ngendlela ephazamisana "nelungelo" likaSirayeli lokuba nesininzi samaYuda ngoko uSirayeli uya kuvunyelwa ukuba aguqule ukwakheka kwawo.
Kunokwenziwa njani oku? Sele 'udluliselo'-ukuhlanjululwa kohlanga-lufumana ukuthandwa kwakhona, kodwa amanye amanyathelo esele kuxoxiwe ngawo kwa-Israyeli abandakanya ukwala ubumi kubantwana abangengomaYuda abazalelwe kwaSirayeli, okanye ukunciphisa inani labantwana abangengomaYuda abavunyelweyo ukuba nabo. . Ukuba la manyathelo anokuthi amkeleke, ngoko ke, ngokusengqiqweni, kunokunyanzeliswa ukuvala inzala kwabo bangengomaYuda. Ngapha koko, ukuba u-Israyeli "unelungelo" lokugcina uninzi lwamaJuda, ke eli lungelo kufuneka linyanzeliswe okanye alinantsingiselo.
Kunzima ukucinga ukuba imfuno enjalo iphathwa ngayo nantoni na ngaphandle koloyiko kuyo nayiphi na enye imeko. Bekuya kwenzeka ntoni, ngokomzekelo, ukuba iFransi ibinokuthi 'inelungelo lokuphila njengelizwe labantu baseMntla Yurophu abanemvelaphi yobuFrank'? Kwaye kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iFransi ibhengeze ukuba ukunyanzelisa eli lungelo 'kunokubuyisela' abemi baseFransi baseMntla Afrika, bakhanyele abantwana babo ubumi, bangabavumeli ukuba baphinde bangene kweli lizwe ukuba bayahamba, njalo njalo? Ngapha koko yiloo nto uJean-Marie Le Pen amele yona, kwaye siyayazi ukuba abavoti baseFransi, ihlabathi, kunye noSirayeli babecinga ntoni ngaloo nto. Imfuno kaSirayeli ngokuqinisekileyo igqithise ngakumbi kuba ifuna โilungeloโ lokucutha kwa kanye ubukho boluntu olungabavoti babo bokuqala beza kwaSirayeli njengabaphambukeli, kodwa babantu bomthonyama belizwe.
Ngaphantsi kwengubo yokulinganisa kunye nokulingana, isivumelwano se-Ayalon-Nusseibeh sisusa ilungelo lomPalestina ozalelwe ePalestine ukuba abuyele ekhaya, ngelixa eqinisekisa "ilungelo" lomntu ongazange abeke unyawo ePalestina / uSirayeli ukuba eze kuhlala apho. kuba nje uSirayeli esithi loo mntu ungumYuda. Eneneni akukho mvumelwano yakwaSirayeli kwaphela xa uxwebhu lusithi amaYuda โaya kubuyela kuphela kwiLizwe lakwaSirayeli,โ kuba uninzi lwabaphambukeli abatsha phantsi koMthetho wokuBuyisa kwaSirayeli abahambi ngokwenyani baye kwiindawo zokuhlala kwiMimandla eHlaziweyo, kwaye ezo abasafunayo basaza kukwenza oko njengoko uninzi lweendawo zokuhlala ziya kufakwa kuSirayeli.
Ngeli xesha lokubhala, u-Israel ukhululwe kuxanduva lwakhe lwembali kunye noluphambili lokugxothwa kunye nokusaba abantu bomthonyama basePalestina, kwaye uncitshiswe nje omnye umxhasi kwingxowa-mali yamazwe ngamazwe "ukubuyekeza" iimbacu. Ukongeza iPalestine kuluhlu lwabaxhasi ngenye impazamo emangalisayo ebonisa ukuba amaPalestina kunye namaSirayeli anoxanduva ngokulinganayo ekudalweni kwengxaki yababaleki basePalestina.
Phambi kwezo nzame zokuphelisa amalungelo abo ziinkokeli zabo, abantu basePalestine kufuneka baphinde babethelele kuzo zonke iiforam ukuba uxolo lufuna ilungelo lokubuyela ukuze liphunyezwe ngokwenyani kwezo mbacu zikhethayo. Iimbacu zasePalestine aziyonkunkuma yabantu, okanye imiqobo kuxolo, kodwa ngabantu abanobomi kunye neembali, abantu ababomi babo bubekwe kumkhenkce onzulu ngelixa izizukulwana zamaSirayeli ziye zakhula kwaye zaphumelela kumabhodlo oluntu lwasePalestine. Ukuba uxolo luya kwenziwa, kufuneka lwenziwe phakathi kwabalinganayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ilungelo lamaSirayeli lokuhlala ngoxolo kunye nokhuseleko ngokwezithethe kunye nezithethe zabo azikwazi ukuza ngexabiso lamalungelo eembacu zasePalestina.
Abo bakholelwa eluxolweni nobulungisa kufuneka bawuqinise umoya weSigqibo 194, esithi ukongezelela ekuqinisekiseni ilungelo leembacu lokubuyela kwiindawo ezisuka kuzo, asithethi nto yimbi ngaphandle kokuba izizwe ezibini ezihlala kunye njengabamelwane ngoxolo, inkululeko nenkululeko. ukulingana. Indlela uSirayeli akwazile ngayo ukweyisela uSari Nusseibeh, phakathi kwabanye, ukuba ukuzisa lo mbono ufikelelekayo, onobulungisa nonqwenelekayo kufana nokuba amaSirayeli azibulele 'isizwe,' ukusebenzisa igama eliqhelekileyo, yimfihlelo edidayo.
Okudanisa kakhulu, uxwebhu lukaNusseibeh-Ayalon alulokuqala kolo hlobo. Isicwangciso se-Beilin-Abu Mazen kunye ne-Abu Ala-Peres iceba ukubhengeza ilizwe lasePalestina kwiipesenti ezimbalwa zeMimandla eSebenzisiweyo emva kokulawulwa ngokufutshane nguGunyaziwe wasePalestina, ngaphambi kwayo. Abo bazibandakanya kolu dlalo lothando bafihla ukuphazamisa kwabo okuyingozi kumalungelo asePalestina, nto leyo abayenzayo ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso esivela kwabo bathi babamele, ngesiseko sokuba bangamanyathelo omntu ngamnye. Inyani yeyokuba ziibhaluni zovavanyo zokwenyani, ezivunyiweyo kwelona nqanaba liphezulu ikakhulu kwicala lasePalestine, ezilungiselelwe ukuvavanya ukuba amaPalestine angahamba kangakanani na ekwenzeni iminyinyiva kuSirayeli. Ukusilela kweenkokeli zasePalestina ukuzikhaba ngamandla ezi ndlela zithandabuzekayo, nokunqanda abantu abangagunyaziswanga ukuba bangcakaze ngamalungelo abantu, bubungqina nje bokusebenzisana kwabo.
Ezi ntlobo zemidlalo kunye nobomi babantu kunye namalungelo asisiseko kulo lonke ixesha lenkqubo ye-Oslo, ikhokelele ngqo ekuqhambukeni kwe-Intifada. Ukuqhubeka ngale ndlela kuya kutshabalalisa kuphela naluphi na ukholo oluseleyo abantu basePalestine abasenokuba banalo kwiinkokeli zabo, kwaye bangcwabe nawaphi na amathuba aseleyo oxolelwaniso lokwenyani kunye nokuhlala ngoxolo phakathi kwamaPalestina namaSirayeli kwixa elizayo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela