URamon Torres, uMongameli weFamilies Unidas por la Justicia, uthena amahlahla eblueberry kumhlaba wemanyano entsha yomanyano, iTierra y Libertad.
Ngo-2013, kwiLizwe laseWashington, iFamilias Unidas por la Justicia yazalwa xa abafuduki bemveli baseMexico abachola amaqunube eblueberry besala ukuya emasimini eSakuma Brothers Farms emva kokuba omnye wabo egxothiwe ngenxa yokucela ukonyuselwa umvuzo. Abasebenzi ke baququzelela ukumiswa komsebenzi kule minyaka mine izayo ukunyusa imivuzo. Kwangaxeshanye, baququzelela iikomiti zokugwayimba kwizixeko ezikuNxweme lwePasifiki ukuze bacinezele oyena mthengi uphambili weSakuma, umsasazi omkhulu wamaqunube iDriscoll's Inc. Ngo-2017, abanini bale fama bavuma unyulo, kwaye imanyano yaphumelela. Emva koko iFamilias Unidas yathethathethana ngesivumelwano seminyaka emibini neSakuma Brothers Farms.
โSiyazi ukuba esi sivumelwano siza kutshintsha ubomi bethu,โ utshilo uRamon Torres, umongameli weFUJ. โBesisoloko singabantu abangabonakaliyo, kodwa ngoku abantwana bethu baza kufumana ithuba lokuqhubeka befunda. Asikuko nokuba sifuna ukubakhupha ebaleni kodwa sifuna bafumane ithuba lokuthatha isigqibo abakufunayo. Amalungu ethu ayaqonda ukuba asingabo nje abasebenzi basezifama. Siyinxalenye yoluntu.โ
Ukusukela oko kwatyikitywa isivumelwano, kuye kwamiswa umsebenzi kwiifama ezininzi ezikufutshane. Uninzi lwaba basebenzi bakwaMixtec kunye nabafuduki baseTriqui abavela e-Oaxaca naseGuerrero kumazantsi eMexico, ngoku bahlala ngokusisigxina emaphandleni eWashington. IFamilia Unidas ikwazile ukunceda abasebenzi kolu qhankqalazo oluzenzekelayo. Izinga lokukha amaqunube kwiifama zeSakuma Brothers linyuke kakhulu, abanye abasebenzi berhola ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 yeedola ngeyure. Ngoku abasebenzi basezifama kwezinye iifama baye bathabatha amanyathelo okunyusa imivuzo yabo.
UTorres uthi: โUmvuzo kwezinye iifama uphantsi kakhulu. โNgoko umbono wethu kukunceda ukuseka imibutho ezimeleyo kunye nokuthethathethana ngeekhontrakthi nalapho. Yonke into ikhokelwa ngabasebenzi. Injongo kukukhulisa umanyano, ukuze sonke sibe nemivuzo efanelekileyo.โ
Emva kokuphumelela isivumelwano sayo, amalungu eFUJ aququzelela iCo-operativa Tierra y Libertad. URosalinda Guillen, umlawuli weCommunity2Community Development eBellingham, uncede abasebenzi ukuba baseke imanyano kunye nentsebenziswano. โNamhlanje ukuveliswa kokutya kusekwe kwingeniso enokwenziwa ngumlimi okanye iqumrhu,โ ubeka ityala. โAbasebenzi basezifama ziindleko. Abalimi abatyali mali kuthi kuba abakholelwa ukuba sixabisekile.โ
Abasebenzi basezifama kunye nabaxhasi babo baqhankqalaza ukusweleka kuka-Honesto Silva, kwisikhumbuzo sokusweleka kwakhe kunyaka ongaphambili. U-Hosesto Silva wayengumsebenzi weendwendwe owagaywa ukusebenza kwiiFama zaseSarbanand. Abanye abasebenzi basezifama bathi usweleke ngenxa yobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwenkampani lokuba aqhubeke esebenza.
Kodwa ukholelwa ekubeni inkcubeko yabasebenzi basezifama bomthonyama sisixhobo sokuphuhlisa ezolimo oluzinzileyo. โUninzi lwabantu abafudukela eUnited States babengabalimi baseMexico nakuMbindi Merika. Ngenxa yezivumelwano zorhwebo ezifana ne-NAFTA, baxoshwa kwaye bafudukela ngasentla. Abaninzi bakwiikharavani, kwaye ngoku kumaziko okuvalelwa e-US Kodwa bayayazi indlela yokulima ukutya ngaphandle kwemichiza, indlela yokulondoloza amanzi, indlela yokunyamekela umhlaba. Kufuneka siququzelele aba balimi kwaye sibabone njengomthombo, kuba inkqubo yokutya yenkampani ityhefa umhlaba kunye namanzi. Abasebenzi basezifama bayagula ngenxa yezibulali-zinambuzane, kunye nemizimba eyaphukileyo ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokusebenza ngokukhawuleza, kwiimeko ezimbi. Umyinge wobomi bomsebenzi wasefama yiminyaka engama-49. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesine eyadlulayo yayingama-47.โ
Emehlweni kaTorres kunye nabasebenzi, imanyano yenye yeendlela ezizezinye zabasebenzi ekuxhatshazweni kwemivuzo abathe bazifumana ukusukela oko beza e-US. abasebenzi ngokwabo. โKwintsebenziswano sifundisa abasebenzi,โ utshilo. โSifuna ukuba ngumzekelo. Asifuni baphathi okanye abaphathi. Asifuni abanini. Singaba ngabanini โ sifuna umhlaba nje.โ
I-Tierra y Libertad isandula ukusayina isivumelwano sokuthenga iihektare ezingama-65 e-Everson, ukongeza kwiihektare ezimbini sele ifama kufuphi neSumas. Iihektare ezingamashumi amabini zityalwe kumaqunube abomvu, ezisixhenxe kumaqunube kunye nezine kumaqunube. Ukongeza kwiqaqobana lamalungu aseke asekwayo, ezinye iintsapho ezintlanu ziyaqeqeshwa kwimisebenzi yomanyano. Kunyaka ophelileyo ithengise amaqunube kwindawo yokutya yasekuhlaleni, iivenkile kwiSiqithi saseKamano, iifruterias zalapha, naphambi kweecawe emva kweenkonzo. Xa isivuno siqala kwintlakohlaza ezayo sinethemba lokwanda nakwezinye iindawo.
โSifuna inkqubo esinokuhlala kuyo kwaye sithenge ekuhlaleni,โ utshilo uTorres, โapho iinzuzo zethu zihlala apha edolophini. Kwangaxeshanye sizakukhuphisana namaqumrhu ebesenza imali ngathi.โ
Isiseko kumbono weFUJ kunye nentsebenziswano luluvo lokuba umsebenzi wasefama unesakhono, kwaye kufuneka unike ubomi obundilisekileyo nentlonipho kwabo bawenzayo. Omnye weyona miqobo mikhulu, nangona kunjalo, kukukhula kwenkqubo ye-visa ye-H-2A, ethatha abasebenzi basezifama abasuka kwamanye amazwe njengomsebenzi wexeshana, abanekhontrakthi yokuvuna baze babuyiselwe eMexico xa sele kugqityiwe.
Abasebenzi basezifama kunye nabaxhasi babo babambe umngcelele ukuya kwi-ofisi yeFama iSakuma, umlimi omkhulu wamaqunube nalapho baye bagwayimba ngo-2013. Banyanzelisa ukuba inkampani ifumane isivumelwano nemanyano yabo, iFamilia Unidas por la Justicia.
Iinkampani ezisebenzisa inkqubo ye-H-2A kufuneka zifake isicelo kwiSebe lezeMisebenzi lase-US, zidwelise umsebenzi kunye neemeko zokuphila kunye nemivuzo abasebenzi abaya kuyifumana. Inkampani kufuneka ibonelele ngezothutho kunye nezindlu. Abasebenzi banikwa iikhontrakthi ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye, kwaye kufuneka balishiye ilizwe xa umsebenzi wabo ugqityiwe. Banokusebenzela kuphela inkampani ebenze ikhontrakthi, kwaye ukuba baphulukene nalo msebenzi kufuneka bahambe ngoko nangoko.
Ngo-2017 abalimi baseWashington banikwa ii-visa ze-H-2A kubasebenzi abayi-18,796, malunga ne-12,000 yabo baqeshwe yi-Washington Farm Labor Association (WAFLA). Kunyaka ophelileyo malunga nabasebenzi be-200,000 be-H-2A baziswa e-US kwaye kulo nyaka inani liya kudlula i-240,000. โKwinkqubo yobukapitali siyalahlwa kwaye sitshintshelwa lula,โ utsho uGuillen. โInkqubo yomsebenzi weendwendwe ngumzekelo omhle. Ungenisa abantu kwaye ubakhuphe kwaye wenze imali ngabo. Lixesha lokuba iphele loo nto. Singabantu kwaye siyinxalenye yoluntu.โ
Ngehlobo lika-2017 abasebenzi abangamashumi asixhenxe be-H-2A bala ukusebenza kwiiFama zaseSarbanand eSumas, emva kokuba omnye wabasebenzi esiwa ebaleni, waza wasweleka kamva. Abaqhankqalazi baye bagxothwa kuba abasebenzi abanezi visa bengenalungelo lokugwayimba. โImpembelelo yale nkqubo ekukwazini ukulungelelanisa abasebenzi basezifama iyingozi,โ ubeka ityala uGuillen. Abasebenzi baye bajongana nokutshintshwa kwiifama zeSakuma Brothers ngokunjalo, phambi kokuba kuthethwe isivumelwano.
Ukuhamba kwabasebenzi ayikuphela komcimbi owela umda ojongene nabasebenzi basefama baseWashington. Kutshanje iinkokeli ezimbini zombutho omtsha ozimeleyo wabasebenzi bezolimo eBaja California's San Quintin Valley bandwendwela iFUJ kunye ne-co-op entsha. โAbasebenzi baseMexico nabaseUnited States basebenzela iinkampani ezifanayo, njengekaDriscoll. utsho uLorenzo Rodriguez, unobhala jikelele woMbutho weSizwe oZimeleyo weDemokhrasi yaBasebenzi baseFama (i-SINDJA ngoonobumba bayo baseSpanish). โKubalulekile ukwenza umanyano nabasebenzi bamazwe ahlukeneyo. Yiloo ndlela kuphela esinokujongana ngayo neenkampani. Zonke zilungelelanisiwe. Kufuneka sisebenzisane nathi.โ
Wongeza uAbelina Ramirez, unobhala we-SINDJA wokulingana ngokwesini, โnokuba siphila kweliphi ilizwe sinamalungelo asisiseko kwimfundo, kukhathalelo lwempilo, kwintlalontle yabantwana bethu. Ukuba siyamanyana kwaye siququzelele, singawaphumelela la malungelo. "
UModesto Hernandez, ilungu leFamilias Unidas por la Justicia, uthena amahlahla eblueberry kumhlaba wemanyano entsha yomanyano, iTierra y Libertad.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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