Hamba ujikeleze iLondon kwaye uya kuqaphela iipowusta ezininzi ezivunywe nguSodolophu waseLondon zikhuthaza abantu ukuba bazinikele ekunyuseni amathuba emisebenzi. Ukuvolontiya kwiiklabhu zebhola ekhatywayo kunceda oogqirha ukuba babengcono kwimisebenzi yabo ngelixa ivolontiya kwindawo yogcino-zilwanyana kuya kunceda abo banqwenela ukuba ngabagcini bezilwanyana bafumane umsebenzi. Nantoni na ongathanda ukuyenza ngobungcali kuluntu okanye kwicandelo lesithathu, zifumane ngokuzithandela ukugcwalisa loo CV!
Ingcinezelo yezobupolitika neyentlalo yokuba litsha-ntliziyoโnokuzithandela ukuze ifumane umsebenziโiya isanda njengoko imisebenzi kwicandelo lemibutho yesisa nakwezinye iindawo inqabile. Kwangaxeshanye, imibutho yesisa ixhomekeke ngakumbi kumsebenzi wamavolontiya ukuhambisa iinkonzo zikarhulumente (eziphantsi kwekontraka), kwaye baya besanda amavolontiya angabantu abafuna umsebenzi. Ukunyuka kwamavolontiya ligama nje elimnandi lomsebenzi ongahlawulwanga kunye nebhendi yeenkonzo zokusika. Oku akuthethi ukuba ivolontiya ayingomsebenzi uncomekayo okanye ukuba abantu akufuneki babe negalelo kwizakhono zabo, ixesha, ulwazi kunye novelwano ngezizathu abazikhathaleleyo kwaye ngokwenene zinceda uluntu lwabo. Kodwa ukuzukiswa kwezopolitiko kokuvolontiya kwixesha le-austerity kufuneka kuze kunye nengxoxo yoluntu malunga nokuthatha indawo yabasebenzi abahlawulwayo nabafanelekileyo kunye nomsebenzi ongahlawulwanga, ngakumbi kwicandelo lesisa.
Inyawo kweliphi umnyango?
Uninzi lwamatsha-ntliziyo namhlanje ngabantu abafuna umsebenzi. Baphela besebenza simahla ukuze bakwazi ukufumana uhlobo oluthile lwamava kunye nokufikelela emsebenzini.
Ngokutsho uphando lobomi boluntu ngo-2013-2014, i-27% yabantu abangaphangeliyo benza umsebenzi wokuzithandela osemthethweni, ukwanda kweepesenti ezintlanu ukususela ngo-2011 kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu kunabantu abaqeshwe. Oku kuyinyaniso kumabhinqa namadoda, abancinane nabakwiminyaka ephakathi kwaye inomyalezo obalulekileyo: abantu abasenokuwufuna ngokwenene umsebenzi basebenza simahla benethemba lokwenyani lomsebenzi okanye ngaphandle kwawo ekupheleni kwexesha labo lokuzithandela.
Kukho idimension yeklasi echuliweyo kodwa engathandabuzekiyo edlalwayo. Ukuvolontiya ngokuqhelekileyo kunconywa kuye wonke umntu onenjongo yokufumana unyawo kumnyango wengqesho njengendlela yokufumana amava kunye nokuqonda inkqubo. Umzekelo, kwi-NEETs (Ayikho kwiMfundo, iNgqesho okanye uQeqesho) kunye nabafuduki abafuna ukusebenza kwicandelo lesithathu, isincomo sokuvolontiya sisondele ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuyingxaki ngakumbi njengoko kubonakala ngathi kuhamba ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngabo kufuneka bangene kuyo: ukuyeka ixesha lakho kunye nezakhono simahla kuza kunye nephakheji yokufuna umsebenzi kwaye kufuneka wamkelwe ngolo hlobo. La 'mavolontiya' adla ngokuba lulutsha okanye abantu abadala abafuna umsebenzi, abafuna ukuxhasa iintsapho nabanethemba lokuba le yenye yeendlela abanokwandisa ngazo amathuba abo okufumana umsebenzi ohlawulayo.
Ii-Internship njengesango lomsebenzi ophumelele izidanga zilandela ipateni efanayo: sebenzela simahla kwaye unokugqiba ukuhlawulwa. Abafundi abasaqeqeshwayo, nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka idlulileyo baye baqalisa ukuhlanganisana, becela ukuba ilungelo labo lihlawulwe. Ii-Internship zikwathanda ukubonelela abaqeshwa kwiindima zobungcali nezolawulo ngelixa amavolontiya akholisa ukuba nethemba lokusebenza kuphela kwimisebenzi ekumgangatho ophantsi ebandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwenkonzo ngokuthe ngqo.
Ngo-2014, iBhunga leSizwe leMibutho yokuzithandela yapapashwa ingxelo apho yayithetha ngeengenelo ezifunyanwa livolontiya kwabo bafuna umsebenzi. Ukufundwa ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi komeleza uninzi lweenkxalabo eziphakanyiswe apha. Ingxelo icacile ekukhuthazeni abantu ukuba basebenze simahla ukwandisa amathuba abo omsebenzi. Ngokukodwa, igxininisa ukuzithemba kunye nokuzithemba ukuba abo bangaphangeliyo ixesha elide banokuzuza ngokuvolontiya ukunciphisa ibala lokungaqeshwa. Amavolontiya anokuba nalo msebenzi, kodwa cinga ngento enokwenziwa ngumsebenzi ohlawulayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphoswa kolu khanyiso, ivolontiya iba luhlobo oluthile lokuhamba kwindlela yokufumana umsebenzi ohlawulelwayo: sebenzela simahla ngenzondelelo ngokwaneleyo, yakha izakhono zakho kwaye unokuvuzwa ngomsebenzi. Ukuvolontiya ngokwenene lubudlelwane obuyingxaki emsebenzini obuseta iiparamitha Ezinokwenzeka ingqesho. Ukugquma umsebenzi ongahlawulwayo kwiimpahla 'kuya kukwenzela okulungileyo' kukunganyaniseki.
Ukunikezelwa kwenkonzo ngeendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi
Kukho ushishino olukhulayo lokugaya amavolontiya (abaququzeleli kunye nabaphathi bamavolontiya; abasebenzi benkxaso yamavolontiya; izicwangciso zamavolontiya kunye nokuhlehla). Eli shishini libonelela ngezixhobo zokuvumela amavolontiya ukuba ancedise, ukuba ngamanye amaxesha akukho tshintsho, abasebenzi abahlawulwayo kwiinkonzo zikarhulumente ezinikezelwa ngaphandle. Esi sixhobo kunye nomyalezo esiwuvelisayo sinceda ukuba sibethelele ingcamango yokuba kuhle ukuba livolontiya, nokuba siyintoni na isizathu. Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo ekufuneni abasebenzi lubhenela kububele novelwano lwamavolontiya kwaye lugxininisa 'kumathuba achwayitisayo' amavolontiya abonelela ngamavolontiya.
Iinzame zemibutho yesisa zokunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi ziyaqondakala, kodwa zothusa, kwicandelo elinikezela ngeenkonzo eziphantsi kwekontraka karhulumente. Ngelixa iphindwa ngokubanzi into yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwamavolontiya akufuneki kuthabathel' indawo abasebenzi abahlawulwayo, oku kuya kusanda ngokwanda kwenkonzo yomlomo engenanto, ingakumbi kwimibutho ephantsi kwenkqubo yohlengahlengiso okanye yokwehlisa abasebenzi. Ngokutsho kusekiwe abacebisi kwishishini lolawulo lwamavolontiya:
'Ukwandisa inani lamavolontiya kwimibutho akusombululi zonke iingxaki esijongene nazo kula maxesha anzima, kodwa kufuneka ibe lukhetho olunzima. Xa sijongene neemeko ezimbini ezingafunekiyo zokugxothwa emsebenzini - ukuvumela bonke abasebenzi bahambe baze bavale inkonzo, okanye ukugcina abasebenzi be-skeleton kunye nokwandisa inani lamavolontiya - siya kuthethelela aba bamva rhoqo.'
Kuya kuba kukuxelela ukuba kujongwe inani labasebenzi abasisigxina abenziwe bangabi namsebenzi kumbutho othile njengoko ucutha kwaye ubone ukuba mangaphi amavolontiya asetyenziswayo endaweni yabo. Ngaloo ndlela sinokufumanisa ukuba umsebenzi ohlawulwayo uthatyathelwโ indawo ngumsebenzi wasimahla. Olu hlobo lolwazi, nangona kunjalo, alubonakali lufumaneka kuluntu. Ngokufanayo, ngumsebenzi onomdla ukujonga izikhokelo zokubala ixabiso lokuvolontiya. Ezo zikhokelo zibalaselisa indlela imibutho ecinga ngayo nangendlela ewasebenzisa ngayo amatsha-ntliziyo, nto leyo engenanto yakwenza nobubele okanye imfesane nayo yonke into ephathelele ukulungelelanisa iincwadi. Ukufaka amavolontiya endaweni yabasebenzi abahlawulwayo kusenokusetyenziswa ukuqinisa ibango lemibutho yesisa 'lokuxabisa imali' nokomeleza umfanekiso walo 'njengequmrhu eligqwesileyo' kwiphulo lawo lokufumana inkxaso-mali kubaxhasi. Ukusebenzisa amavolontiya kwenza umbutho wakho ukhuphisane ngakumbi ngokunciphisa iindleko kunye nangenxa yokuba namavolontiya amaninzi, njengoko oko kunceda ukugcina nokukhuthaza umfanekiso wombutho 'ofanelekileyo' apho abantu banikela ngexesha labo, ulwazi kunye nezakhono.
Amanye amava endinawo anceda ukubonisa amandla achaziweyo. Ibandakanya inkqubo yenkxaso-mali karhulumente ebonisa abafuduki abangaqhelekanga kunye nabafuna indawo yokukhosela-abanye babo bavalelwe kwaye bajongene nokususwa-kunye nenketho yokushiya i-UK. Isibonelelo esincinci sokuhlaliswa ngokutsha sanikezelwa kwabo bamabango abo ekhusi akhatyiweyo nabathe, bejongene nenye indlela yokuvalelwa nokususwa, bakhetha ukubuyela kwilizwe labo. Amazinga aphezulu 'embuyekezo yokuzithandela' aguqulelwe kulondolozo olubalulekileyo lukarhulumente ngokuyivumela ukuba ithintele ukususwa ngenkani okuneendleko eziphezulu. Amavolontiya ayesoloko eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yale nkonzo, kodwa umbutho endandisebenza nawo ngoku uxhomekeke ngakumbi kulo msebenzi wasimahla. Emva kokuba kuthotywe inkqubo yokuthotywa, inani lamatsha-ntliziyo landa kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokutshintshwa kwabasebenzi abahlawulwayo ngamavolontiya, ndicinga ukuba eli tyala liphakamisa imibuzo emibini ebanzi: yintoni ukusetyenziswa okwamkelekileyo kwabasebenzi abangahlawulwanga kwiinkonzo ezixhaswa ngurhulumente ngaphandle kokuhlolwa koluntu? Yaye zeziphi izizathu ezinokuthi ngokusemthethweni zichazwe njengabafanele ukuvolontiya?
Unyanzelo lwezopolitiko lokuvolontiya
Kungoku nje kukho impembelelo enamandla yezopolitiko yokuxhasa amavolontiya. Noko ke, ayigxininisi kangako kwiingenelo zokuvolontiya kurhulumente onyanzela abantu abangaphangeliyo ukuba basebenze simahla ukuze babonelele ngeenkonzo ekuye kwacuthwa ngazo inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Nangona nje ingcamango yokuvolontiya inxulunyaniswa kuphela nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu kwaye inconywa ngenxa yeenzuzo ezinikezela kwabo babandakanyekayo, ingcamango yomsebenzi ongahlawulwanga inokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko.
Utyelelo kuSodolophu waseLondon iphepha lewebhu lamavolontiya inokushiya umntu edidekile kancinane. Ivakalisa, 'Iqonga elitsha liya kwenza abantu abatsha bakwazi ukwakha i-CV ye-intanethi yamava abo okuzithandela, kwaye basebenzise izakhono abazifumanayo ukufikelela kumathuba omsebenzi ohlawulelwayo abonelelwa ngabaqeshi baseLondon.' Iyaqhubeka, intengiso, 'Abaselula baseLondon nabo baya kukwazi ukufikelela kumawaka amathuba okuzithandela athunyelwe ngamaZiko amaVolontiya ekomkhulu ngokusebenzisa inkonzo entsha.' Ngamanye amazwi, sikhuthaza abantu abancinci ukuba basebenze simahla, baqokelele kangangoko kunye namava ohlukeneyo omsebenzi ongahlawulwayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, emva koko sicebisa ukuba oku kunokuba nomtsalane kubaqeshi baseLondon.
Olu phuhliso aluphelelanga e-UK kuphela. I-UN iphuhlise i-2014-2017 i-UNV (i-UN Volunteers) yeSicwangciso soBuchule esigxile 'ekusebenziseni amandla amavolontiya kunye namavolontiya ukuxhasa ukufezekiswa kweenjongo ezivunyelwene ngamazwe ngamazwe.' Okanye, kwi enye yolwamkelo olunesibindi lomgaqo, ithi amavolontiya anokunceda 'Ngokuzalisekisa iinkonzo ezisisiseko ezibalulekileyo apho zinqongopheleyo okanye apho zingonelanga khona.' Amazwe ayavuma ukuba ukuze iinjongo zonikezelo lwenkonzo zifezekiswe, kulungile thumela uxanduva lomlindi kumavolontiya.
Ingcuka esikhumbeni segusha?
Ngamaxesha oxinzelelo olunzima lwezoqoqosho, akufuneki kubekho mathandabuzo malunga nesidingo sokuboleka ixesha kunye nezakhono ukuze kuqiniswe umoya wobumbano kunye nemvo yomanyano eyenza abantu benze ikamva elinye. Zilumkeleni ke iingcuka ezimbethe iintsuba zeegusha. Ukongeza kubuchule obuqhubekayo bolawulo lwamavolontiya kunye neendima zenkxaso yamavolontiya kwimibutho, ulwamkelo lwezopolitiko lokuvolontiya luvula ucango lokwamkelwa lula koko kungundoqo kubasebenzi basimahla, nangona kunjalo kugqibele kuthetheleleka. Kukho isidingo esikhulu ngakumbi sokugocagoca ngeliso elibukhali esi senzo. Okwangoku, abantu banyanzelwa ekubeni benze umsebenzi karhulumente simahla ngethemba lokufumana umsebenzi kwenye indawo ephantsi.
UAna Maria Dima ngumsebenzi wesisa kwinkalo yophuhliso lwamazwe ngamazwe. Uvela eRomania kwaye unokufumaneka kwi-twitter @AnaMariaDima.
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Nikela