Umphathiswa wezemali, uP. Chidambaram, ucebise ukunciphisa umrhumo weemoto kwiimoto ukusuka kwi-24 ukuya kwi-16 ekhulwini, oko kukuthi, ngeyesithathu. Unethemba: “ishishini liza kubamba ithuba lokwenza i-India i-hub yokwenza iimoto ezincinci kunye nezonga amafutha.†Akukho mfuneko yokongeza ukuba esi siphakamiso sijonge ukukhuthaza utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle kwicandelo leemoto, elikhoyo ngoku. ilawulwa kakhulu ngabemi bamazwe angaphandle kwaye ikhuthaze abantu abazizityebi ukuba bathenge izithuthi zabo. Oku kuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kukhokelele ekubeni kubi kwenkqubo yezothutho lukawonke-wonke, eza kusetyenziswa ubukhulu becala ngamaqela asezantsi oluntu abalizwi labo, ngaphandle kwamaxesha onyulo, lingabameli abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo.
Iimoto zabakhweli ezenziwe apha azikho ezinokuthi zithengiswe lula kwimarike yehlabathi ukuze kuthathwe izixhobo zotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle ukunceda ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini laseIndiya. Zenzelwe imarike yasekhaya. Oku kuqondwa ngokucacileyo ngabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo kurhulumente kunye nabatyali-zimali bamanye amazwe. Kuqoqosho oluphuhlayo olufana neIndiya, izinto ezithile kufuneka zikhunjulwe ngelixa kukhuthazwa ukuveliswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo. Okokuqala, bafanele, kangangoko banako, banelise iintswelo zenani elikhulu labantu. Okwesibini, ukuba urhulumente kufuneka akhethe phakathi kokwaneliseka kweemfuno zenani elincinci labantu kunye necandelo elikhulu kakhulu loluntu, isigqibo kufuneka sibe sesokugqibela. Okwesithathu, imveliso yezo mpahla kunye neenkonzo kufuneka zandiswe, ezo quantum yazo eyandisiweyo iya kuba nkulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye yahlulelwe ukujikeleza.
Kule migaqo, kulandelayo, xa sicaphula ongasekhoyo uPaul Sweezy, kwilizwe elisaphuhlayo elifana neIndiya, “Makungabikho zithuthi zemveliso, izixhobo zombane zasekhaya, okanye ezinye izinto zabathengi ezomeleleyo ezithengiswa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngasese. Isizathu silula ukuba ukuvelisa iimveliso ezinjalo ngokwaneleyo ukuba zijikeleze kuya kufuna iminyaka emininzi, mhlawumbi namashumi eminyaka amaninzi, kwaye zisasazwa ngasese ngexesha eliqhelekileyo isiphumo sinokuba kukudala okanye ukwandisa ukungalingani kwezinto. Umgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo … ke ngoko kukuvelisa ezi ntlobo zeempahla kwiifom kunye nezixa ezilungele kakhulu ukwaneliseka ngokuhlangeneyo kweemfuno: amadama eemoto, iindawo zokupheka ezihlangeneyo kunye neendawo zokutyela, iiflethi … izindlu okanye iindawo zokuhlambela zengingqi, njalo njalo. € Oku kuya kukhokelela kwipateni enengqiqo yemveliso.
Ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kweemoto zabakhweli ukuze zisetyenziswe ekhaya, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakubi umthamo kunye ne-tempo yokuqokelela, kunyanzelekile ukuba ungeze umlinganiso omtsha ekukhuliseni ukungalingani kwezinto eziphathekayo. Abantu abaneendlela zabo zabucala zothutho banyanzelekile ukuba baphuhlise eyabo indlela yokuphila eyahlukileyo. Ukucaphula kwakhona u-Sweezy, “Imoto ilawula ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwezolonwabo (emva komsebenzi, iimpelaveki, iiholide) kwaye ngaloo ndlela ivelisa uluhlu olutsha lweemfuno… ulwabiwo lwezixa ezikhulu zobutyebi bomntu nezinto eziphathekayo kubathengi babucala. kunye nezibonelelo zabo ezihambelanayo zithetha ukungahoywa okanye ukubambezela uphuhliso lwamanye amacandelo oqoqosho noluntu. Okanye ukubeka lo mba ngokucacileyo ngakumbi: uluntu oluthatha isigqibo sokungenzi ukuphakanyiswa kwemigangatho yokuphila ngobuninzi kube yeyona nto iphambili.â€
Iimoto, ngokwendalo yazo, zizinto zodidi oluyilelwe ukonwabela iqaqobana lezityebi kwaye azifani nonomathotholo, umabonakude, iibhayisekile, isikhenkcezisi, njl. njl., ezigcina umtsalane wazo naxa ziphantsi koninzi lwabantu. . Umsasazi waseFransi u-Michel Bosquet unyanisile xa esithi, †Imoto yemoto inika umdla kwaye inenzuzo kuphela ukuba inkitha yabantu ingeyoyakho, ngendlela efanayo nevilla eselunxwemeni. Imoto iyimveliso enqabileyo ngokwenkcazo, ngenxa yemarike eyayicanjelwe yona ekuqaleni kunye nokunethezeka, kwakhona ngenkcazo, ayikwazi ukudemokhrasi. Ukuba ubunewunewu bufikeleleka kumntu wonke, akukho mntu ufumana naluphi na uncedo kubo; ngokuchaseneyo, wonk’ ubani uyagxalathelana, akhungathekise aze ahluthe wonk’ ubani ilifa, yaye ubandezeleka ngezi zinto ezandleni zabanye.
Imoto inokunika izibonelelo zobuqu kwiqaqobana labantu, kodwa ngeendleko ezinkulu zentlalo. Ithatha indawo enqabileyo kwiidolophu nakwizixeko kwilizwe elifana neIndiya. Ukupaka kuye kwaba yingxaki enkulu kwaye, rhoqo, kukho iingxabano ezinobundlobongela. Imoto ivalela abanye abasebenzisi bendlela njengabakhweli beebhayisekile nabahambi ngeenyawo uhambo olukhuselekileyo. EIndiya, uninzi lwabanini beemoto abayikhathaleli imithetho yendlela kwaye bazama ukogqitha ezinye iindlela zothutho kwaye bazibandakanye ekuqhubeni ngokukhawuleza. Amaxesha amaninzi, amahlwempu kunye nabangenamakhaya abalala kwipavumente baba ngamaxhoba abo. Ukusela nokuqhuba azifane zigcinwe zodwa kwaye amapolisa anobuqhophololo akakhathali ukuzisa aboni ezincwadini.
Inkuthazo kwii-MNCs zokuseka ukwenziwa kweemoto eIndiya ngokubanika imvume yerhafu kunye neemali-mboleko ezixabiso liphantsi kwabo baza kuba ngabathengi ukwenza imfuno ibophelelekile ukuba ivuselele umnqweno kuye wonke umntu wokuba nemoto ukuze “abe nakho ukuphumelela kwaye aziqhubele phambili. ngeendleko zomntu wonke. Ukuzigwagwisa okukhohlakeleyo, okukhuphisanayo komqhubi ngokubonakalisa ukubulala ‘umntu ngamnye’ ovalela indlela ehamba phambili kwi-traffic ibonisa ukuntshula kweentyatyambo zokuziphatha koohlohlesakhe kwihlabathi jikelele.
Inkolelo yokuba ukuhamba ngemoto kululonwabo iye yaluchaphazela kakubi uphuhliso lwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kuba izinhanha nabantu abanempembelelo abanamdla kwezi zamva. Uphuhliso lwendlela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu lulungelelaniswe ukuze lufanele abasebenzisi beemoto.
Xa ekhangela emva, ubani uyaqonda ukuba iimoto zabakho ukuze zinike abaninizo ilungelo lokuhamba ngokukhawuleza nangokwentando kunabanye. Xa sijonga imeko yezixeko zamaIndiya namahlomela-dolophu azo, eli themba alinakuqondwa. Inani elandayo leemoto zabucala kunye nemigama ekufuneka ihanjwe ukusuka kumakhaya akwiidolophu ezikufutshane ukuya nokubuya kwiindawo zempangelo ineengxinano zeenqwelo-mafutha yinto eqhelekileyo edla ixesha elininzi kunye nemali kumafutha kunye nokugcinwa kwayo. Ngaphandle koko, abaqhubi beemoto baphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu engqondweni. Uphononongo olwenziwe eNtshona lutyhila: “xa wonke umntu ezama ukuhamba ngesantya esikhethekileyo… isiphumo kukuba akukho mntu unokuphuma konke konke, isantya sezithuthi zasedolophini siwela ngaphantsi kweso senqwelo-mafutha enkulu etsalwa ngamahashe… kwaye isantya esiphakathi sezithuthi ezindleleni eziphuma edolophini ngeempelaveki singaphantsi kunesantya somkhweli webhayisikile. Kwaye imeko ayinyangeki: lonke unyango luye lwazanywa kwaye umphumo kukuba izinto ziqhubeka ziba nzima. Iindlela ezijikelezayo nezijikelezayo, iindlela ezinqumlayo, iindlela ezirhafelwayo ezineendlela ezilishumi elinesithandathu, zonke zikhokelela kwisiphumo esifanayo: okukhona kukho iindlela ezibonelela ngeenkonzo edolophini, kokukhona kuqukuqela ukugcwala kwezithuthi kuyo, kwaye kokukhona kukhubaza ngakumbi ingxinano yasezidolophini. Ingxaki iya kuhlala inganyibiliki ukuba zisekhona iidolophu; nokuba ubanzi kwaye ukhawuleza kangakanani umgaqo wemoto, isantya izithuthi ezinokuthi ziwushiye sithintelwe lizinga ezinokuthi zifakwe ngalo kuthungelwano lwasezidolophini.
E-US, umntu kufuneka akhethe phakathi kwemoto kunye needolophu. Le yamva isenokupheliswa ngokusasazwa kumakhulu eekhilomitha koohola bendlela. Esi sisombululo asinakwenzeka eIndiya. Egqabaza ngolu lingelo, u-Ivan Illich, we-Energy and Equity, uthi, — Indoda yaseMelika ichitha iiyure ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu lamakhulu ngonyaka— oko kukuthi, iiyure ezingamashumi amathathu ngeveki okanye iiyure ezingaphezu kwezine ngosuku kuquka neCawa—kwimoto yakhe. . Oku kuquka ixesha alichitha emva kwevili, ukuhamba okanye ukuma, iiyure zokusebenza ezifunekayo ukuze ahlawulele imoto, kunye nokuhlawula i-petroli, amatayara, iirhafu zendlela, i-inshurensi, izohlwayo, njl. … Ngaloo ndlela lo Merika uthatha ishumi elinesihlanu. iiyure ezilikhulu ukuhamba iimayile ezingama-6,250, umyinge omalunga neemayile ezi-4 ngeyure. Kwamanye amazwe, angenayo ishishini lezothutho, abantu bahamba ngeenyawo ngesantya esifana ncam, benenzuzo eyongeziweyo yokuba bangaya naphi na, hayi kwiindlela ezinetha.
I-Bosquet ifikelele kwisigqibo esifanayo: okukhona uluntu lusebenzisa iimoto zabucala, emva kokuba kufikelelwe kumda othile, kokukhona abantu balo kufuneka balichithe okanye bachithe ixesha lokuhambahamba.
Kude kube sekupheleni kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, iindawo zasezidolophini bezikufanele ukuphila, kodwa namhlanje inani elandayo leemoto nezinye iimoto ziye zabenza banuka kakhulu, bangxola, banetyhefu, banothuli kwaye baxinana kangangokuba izityebi zifuna ukuhlala kude nedolophu.
I-Indiya kufuneka ithathe izifundo ezifanelekileyo kumava aseNtshona ngaphandle kokunikezela kuxinzelelo kunye nezihendo ezivela kwii-MNCs. Kufuneka inike ingqwalaselo ephambili kulwandiso nophuhliso lwenkqubo yezothutho lukawonke-wonke ethembekileyo nekhululekileyo. Naphi na apho kufuneka iimoto, kufuneka kubekho ichibi apho umntu anokuqasha khona. Umbuzo ngulo: ingaba ii-MNCs ziyakuvumela ukuba urhwebo olukhulu lwaseIndiya luphume ezandleni zabo? Ngaba ngenye imini uMongameli Bush wayixelela ngokucacileyo ukuba abantu abakumgangatho ophakathi abazizigidi ezingama-300 abanengeniso ekhulayo yokulahlwa abanakuhoywa? Ngokarhulumente wase-Indiya ukuba athathe isigqibo sokuba uyakukhathalela na umdla wabantu abazizigidi ezingama-300 okanye abo bangama-700 ezigidi kunye nabantu abafuna ngokukhawuleza “uphuhliso olunesidima”.
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Nikela