Ukuvalwa kwendlela kaloliwe ngoNovemba 20, 2017, ngo-7th kunye nezitrato zaseJefferson kumbindi wedolophu yase-Olympia, eWashington, ukuthintela uloliwe othwele isanti eqhekekileyo yeoli (izixhobo ze-ceramic) ezisuka kwiPort of Olympia. (Ifoto; Zoltรกn Grossman)
Okwesibini kulo nyaka uphelileyo, abaphembeleli baseWashington bavala uloliwe othwele ioyile ekhupha iimpahla zokuphuma kwiPort of Olympia kuLwandle lweSalish. Inkampu yoxinaniso kuthintelwe ukuthunyelwa okunokwenzeka yezixhobo ze-ceramic ukusuka ekuhanjisweni ngenqanawa kwi-Bakken oil shale basin eMntla Dakota, kwaye mhlawumbi neminye imisebenzi yokuqhekeza. Iipropatsi zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iintanda zebhedi evulekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhekeka (okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic) kwioli yeBakken.
"IUkuma kweOlympiaโ indibano kunye namanye amatshantliziyo okumelana namazibuko afuna ukuba iZibuko lase-Olympia liphelise zonke iifosili ezinxulumene nepetroli kunye nokuthunyelwa komkhosi. Amatsha ntliziyo upapasho ndaba zekhampani yafuna ukuba "Izibuko le-Olympia liyeke zonke amafutha kunye nokuthunyelwa kweziseko zomkhosi," kwaye yamkele "ulawulo oluthe tye kunye nedemokhrasi yePort of Olympia luluntu" kwaye yamkele "inguqu nje" yezibuko kunye nabasebenzi bakaloliwe ukuya okulungileyo, eluhlaza. imisebenzi, kunye noqoqosho lweThurston County kwintsebenziswano, ezinzileyo kunye noqoqosho olunobulungisa. " Ikwafune โUkubonisana kuyo yonke imiba yezibuko kunye neeprojekthi ezinokuchaphazela imihlaba yesivumelwano sezizwe, imihlaba yemveli, kunye nemihlaba enikezelweyo yezizwe zeSivumelwano seMedicine Creek. Kwakhona, uthethathethwano nabantu baseIndiya basezidolophini baseIndiya abadla ngokuchatshazelwa kakubi ngurhulumente kunye neshishini. โ
Iingxowa zezixhobo ze-ceramic ezisuka e-China, imveliso yemveliso ye-bauxite yase-China, zifunjwe kwi-Port of Olympia zilungele ukulayishwa koololiwe kwaye zithuthelwe kwimisebenzi yokuqhekezwa kwe-oyile eMntla Dakota. (Ifoto nguZoltรกn Grossman)
Iibhloko zangaphambili
Lo mqobo wasekwa ngoNovemba 17, kanye kunyaka omnye emva kokuba amapolisa aqhawula umqobo ofanayo. I-Port of Olympia iye yaba yingqwalasela yeebhloko zangaphambili ezinxulumene neemfazwe zeoli ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kakhulu mbhikisho ukuchasa ukuthunyelwa komkhosi kweenqwelo zezixhobo ze-Stryker eziya e-Iraq zisuka kwi-Joint Base Lewis-McChord (eyayiyiFort Lewis ngoko) ngo-2006-07, okubangele ukubanjwa kunye nokwenzakala izihlandlo ezininzi. Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kule veki, ngoNovemba ka-2007, amapolisa ase-Olympia ahlasela izibuko labasetyhini elichasene nemfazwe evala iilori kumasango ezibuko.
Ukuqala ngo-2012, inkampani yaseTexas-based Rainbow Ceramics yaqala ukwenza abaxhasi bangaphandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwiPort of Olympia, apho iingxowa ze-1.5-toni "iintlabathi eziqhekekileyoโ zakhweliswa koololiwe ukuya kwisitya se-oyile saseBakken saseMntla Dakota. Abaququzeleli basekuhlaleni babambe uthotho lwe mbhikisho kumasango ezibukweni, leyo ndafumana inkxaso ngo Fall 2016 emva Standing Rock abakhuseli amanzi umngeni Dakota Access Pipeline ethwele ioli Bakken efanayo.
NgoNovemba 10, 2016, emva nje konyulo lukaTrump, amatsha ntliziyo eOlympia Stand akhwelisa ukuvalwa kweveki yonke kaloliwe othwele iipropants eziqhekekileyo ezisuka kwiPort of Olympia. Basebenzisa amabhana afana nala โAmanzi abuBomiโ kunye โne-Oyile = Ukufaโ ukwenza umdlalo wobumbano wabo kunye nabakhuseli bamanzi aMatye kunye ne-Quinault, kwaye baqala ukufunda kwi-Indigenous Caucus malunga neprotocol yentlonipho ekufuneka ilandelwe xa besebenza noluntu lwamaNative.
Njengoko amakhulu abantu ajoyina ukuvalwa koololiwe, iingxoxo zavulwa kunye neSixeko sase-Olympia. Kodwa uMlawuli wesiGqeba sePort u-Ed Galligan wayexelelwe ukuba amagosa eRainbow Ceramics anexhala lokuba ukuba abafumani mpahla kwiinkampani ezimbini ezenza ishishini eMntla Dakota naseWyoming, โbaqhube umngcipheko wokuphulukana neshishini labo. "
Kwiiyure zasekuseni ngoNovemba 17, 2016, umkhosi odibeneyo we-Washington State Patrol, iSebe lamaPolisa e-Olympia, kunye neSebe likaSheriff weNqila yaseThurston. yagqogqa inkampu, isenza ukuba kubanjwe abantu abali-12. Ukukhutshwa ngenkani kushiye imikrwelo emandundu kwamanye amatsha ntliziyo, nokuba iNtloko yamaPolisa e-Olympia uRonnie Roberts kunye noMphathi weSixeko uSteve Hall bathi kamva akukho mntu wonzakeleyo. Inkosi uRoberts kamva ligxeke iBhayi ngokubangela ungquzulwano lwasekuhlaleni ngokwamkela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla.
I-Blockade yakutsha nje
I-Olympia's Stand's 2017 blockade yenzeke kunyaka omnye emva kogqogqo lwamapolisa, ngolunye usuku emva kokuchitheka kombhobho we-oyile we-Keystone eMzantsi Dakota, kwaye kwaloo veki iNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoTshintsho lweMozulu ibonise ukunqongophala kwenkqubela phambili enentsingiselo eBonn. Ushicilelo lwabakhuseli bamanzi luphawule ukuba kulo nyaka phakathi kwezi thintelo zimbini โibingowona nyaka ushushu wakha warekhodwa emhlabeni, wabona ingcinezelo ekhohlakeleyo, yomkhosi yaseSioux Tribe kunye nokuchasana kwabo neDakota Access Pipeline. kunye nelona xesha lezaqhwithi ezitshabalalisayo kwinkumbulo ephilayo, amawakawaka abantu abaphulukene nezaqhwithi ezibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, izaqhwithi nezikhukula, ukusuka eHouston, ukuya eBangladesh ukuya ePuerto Ricoโ
Ngokwengxelo yeendaba, "I-Olympia Stand kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba bakholelwa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunokupheliswa ngokubandakanyeka kwisenzo esithe ngqo esingenabundlongondlongo kunye nokungathobeli koluntu ngokuchasene neziseko zamafutha efosili, ukusuka kwiibhloko zikaloliwe kunye nokuvalwa kwePort ukuya kwimisebenzi yeendawo zokwakha imibhobho. Abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo banokuqhubeka bengathathi manyathelo ngalo mbandela, kwaye bagwebe izizukulwana ezizayo kwiplanethi engahlali mntu, okanye banokulandela ukukhokela kwabantu kwihlabathi liphela belwela iNguquko eLungileyo kude kumafutha efosili kunye noqoqosho olutsalwayo. Okwangoku, siza kuqhubeka nokulwa, nokuba bayathanda okanye abathandi. โ
Olu thintelo lwenzekile kusuku emva kokuba umkomishinala wePort uBill McGregor, othe waxhasa ukuthunyelwa kweenqanawa, waphinda waphumelela unyulo kwiKomishoni yeZibuko enamalungu amathathu, njengomkomishinala obambeleyo kunye nomchasi we-EJ Zitaly waphumelela unyulo kwakhona. Ukusukela kwixesha leProgressive, abakomishinala bezibuko baseWashington banyulwe kwiofisi, kwaye unyulo lwamazibuko lwakutsha nje luye lwaba liqonga eliphambili lentshukumo yobulungisa bemozulu kwilizwe, njengoko bechasa ukubambana kwamazibuko abo ekutsalweni kwamafutha efosili.
Ku Intlanganiso yezibuko ngo-Matshi 24, 2014, uMcGregor wathi "akakaqiniseki" ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunokubangela ukunyuka okukhulu kolwandle. Ubanga ukuba ufunde ukuba "konke esikwenzileyo ukuzama ukuphelisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2, kunye nolo hlobo lwezinto, ziyakhathalelwa. ngeentsuku ezine xa kudubula intaba-mlilo.โ Xa ilungu labaphulaphuli lamcela umngeni ukuba achaze ibango โelingeyonyaniso,โ uMcGregor waphendula wathi โNdikuxelela kuphela le nto ndiyifundileyo, kwaye andizukungena kwingxoxo.โ
Inyaniso kukuba ukunyuka komgangatho wolwandle kuya kuchaphazela amazibuko ethu kule nkulungwane. Kwangoko ngo-2008, a umbiko evela kwi-EPA kunye ne-American Association of Port Authorities yaqinisekisa ukuba "Ingqondo eqhelekileyo ibonisa ukuba amazibuko asemngciphekweni othile wokutshintsha kwemozulu ngenxa yeendawo zawo." Ukuba uMcGregor ubanga ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lubangelwa ziintaba-mlilo, kunokuba atshise amafutha efosili, mhlawumbi ichaza ukuba kutheni engenangxaki yokuthumela iimpahla zokuhambisa ioyile, kwaye ebeka emngciphekweni ukunyuka komgangatho wolwandle okunokuthi ngenye imini kukhukulise izibuko ngokwalo.
I-Achilles Heel yoShishino lweFossil Fuel
IPort of Olympia blockade kaloliwe yinxalenye enye kuphela yentshukumo yobulungisa yemozulu yengingqi enkulu kwaye inamandla, isebenzisa indawo enobuchule kuMntla-ntshona wePasifiki njenge โi-chokepointโ kushishino lwamafutha efosili. Ezona zitya zefosili zisembindini welizwekaziโkwisanti yetar yase-Alberta, i-Bakken oil shale basin, kunye ne-Powder River basin yamalahle. Umzi mveliso wamafutha efosili udinga izikhululo zezibuko ezitsha zePasifiki kuMntla-ntshona zombini ukuthumela i-oyile, amalahle, kunye negesi yendalo, kunye nokungenisa izixhobo zotsalo kunye nezibonelelo.
Le mephu ibonisa uxhulumaniso phakathi kwezibuko zaseWashington kunye ne-Bakken oil shale basin eMntla Dakota, kuquka oololiwe abaqhumayo be-oyile abavela kummandla we-Bakken kunye nokuthunyelwa kwe-ceramic proppant kwingingqi ye-Bakken. (Imaphu nguZoltรกn Grossman)
Ukuthumela ngenqanawa kuye kwaba sengozini Achilles isithende yoshishino lwamafutha efosili kuMntla-ntshona wePasifiki. ISeattle-based Sightline Institute ibiza lo mmandla ngokuthi โUmgca Oluhlaza oNcinciโ yabemi abakhathalela imozulu abema phakathi kweenkampani zamafutha efosili kunye nemarike yehlabathi. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, umzi-mveliso wenze isiphakamiso se-oyile entsha okanye iitheminali zamalahle ezili-14 eWashington nase-Oregon, kwaye zonke zoyisiwe okanye zisondele zoyiswa lumanyano lwabakhuseli bamanzi.
Esebenzisa amalungelo azo esivumelwano (esaxhaswa sisigqibo senkundla yaseBoldt sowe-1974), izizwe zezizwe zaseMntla-ntshona ziye zakhusela ukuloba kwazo ekuchithekeni kweoli namalahle, zaza zakhokelela ekubeni kubekho izivumelwano eziphantsi. Ukususela kunyaka ophelileyo, i Lummi Nation kunye namahlakani ayo oyise isikhululo samalahle esicetywayo saseCherry Point (okukhokelela ekucinyweni komgodi wamalahle kwelinye icala lendlela kaloliwe wamalahle eMontana), kunye Isizwe saseQuinault kunye namahlakani woyisa iitheminali ezintathu ze-oyile ezaziza kuzisa oololiwe abaqhumayo baseBakken kunxweme lwaseWashington.
Le mephu yengqiqo ibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwe "Bakken Oil Fracking Monster" kunye nothotho lwemibhobho kunye noololiwe abahambisa i-oyile eqhumayo, kunye nezibonelelo ezisetyenziswa ekutsalweni kwayo. (Umzobo nguZoltรกn Grossman)
Kwilizwe laseWashington, kule veki iphelileyo, i-terminal yamalahle ecetywayo eLongview kunye ne-oyile ecetywayo yaseBakken eVancouver ibonakala ikwimilenze yabo yokugqibela. I Isizwe sasePuyallup ngoku ikhokela inkcaso kwitheminali ecetywayo yeLiquified Natural Gas (LNG) eTacoma. Olu manyano lukhokelwe ngokwezizwe aluqukanga nje iingcali zokusingqongileyo, kodwa ezinye ze uluntu oluloba abamhlophe kunye noorhulumente basekhaya eyayikade ichasa amalungelo ezivumelwano kunye nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo.
Ngempela-veki, le nkampu iye yaba yindawo yeentlanganiso, iindibano, ukupheka, ukucula nokubetha amagubu. Nokuba iibhlokhi zikaloliwe ze-Olympia ziphinde zasuswa ngamapolisa kwiiyure okanye iintsuku ezizayo, ziyinxalenye yentshukumo enkulu yengingqi ethatha uxanduva sebenza ngokujongene nengxaki yemozulu, kunye nokusebenzisa indawo eyomeleleyo yejografi ukuba bame ngokoqobo kwindlela yoshishino lwamafutha efosili.
Okthobha 2016 rally ngaphandle kwePort of Olympia, echasa ukuthunyelwa kwePort yesanti eqhekezwayo yeoli ukuya kuMntla Dakota, kunye nokuxhasa iStanding Rock kunye nabakhuseli bamanzi baseQuinault. (Ifoto nguZoltรกn Grossman)
Ngohlaziyo, jonga iphepha le-facebook le-Olympia Stand kwa https://www.facebook.com/groups/186889111769185/ okanye umnxeba [imeyile ikhuselwe]
UZoltรกn Grossman UnguNjingalwazi weJografi kunye nezifundo zoMdabu kwiKholeji yase-Evergreen eOlympia, eWashington. Ungumbhali we Izibambiso ezingenakwenzeka: IZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye nabahlali abamhlophe bajoyine ukukhusela imihlaba yasemaphandleni (IYunivesithi yaseWashington Press, 2017), kunye nomhleli we Ukugxininisa ukunyamezelana koMdabu: I-Pacific Rim yeeMveli zaBantu bajongana nengxaki yemozulu (I-Oregon State University Press, i-2012).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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