Ezona nkampani zeoyile zinkulu zihlala zixakekile kwishishini lokuthengisa amafutha efosili, kodwa intengiso yazo imalunga nokuhamba luhlaza.
Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sezibhengezo ze-Big Oil zikhuthaza umyalezo wokuba bawamkele amandla acocekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, kunye namanye anjalo “amabango aluhlaza,” ngokutsho ingxelo entsha evela kwi-InfluenceMap, itanki yokucinga eseLondon. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba iBP, iChevron, iExxonMobil, iShell, kunye neTotalEnergies ichithe imali eqikelelwa kwi-750 yezigidi zeedola kunyaka ophelileyo ukukhuthaza umfanekiso olungele imozulu - kwaye ingxelo ibiza ukuba "luqikelelo olugcinayo."
Ukanti kwangaxeshanye, le ngxelo yafumanisa ukuba zontlanu iinkampani zisendleleni yokwandisa imveliso yeoli ngo-2026. Xa zidibene, ezi nkampani zichitha kuphela isahlulo seshumi sotyalo-mali lwazo kwizinto ezizigqala “njengekhabhoni ephantsi.” UShell wayenowona msantsa ubanzi phakathi kwamazwi kunye nezenzo zakhe: Ngelixa inkampani yayincoma iinzame zayo zokusika ikhabhoni ngama-70 epesenti yexesha, ibeke kuphela i-10 lepesenti yenkcitho eyinkunzi malunga notyalo-mali lwekhabhoni ephantsi. Iinkampani kutshanje ziphembelele oorhulumente ukuba benze buthathaka imigaqo-nkqubo yamandla ahlaziyekayo baze baqhubele phambili nokuveliswa kwamafutha efosili.
Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni umyalezo weenkampani zeoli ezithumela kuluntu, abaphandi be-InfluenceMap bahlalutye ngaphezu kwe-3,400 yezithuba zeendaba zoluntu, ukukhutshwa kweendaba, izithuba zeblogi, kunye nolunye unxibelelwano oluvela kwiinkampani zeoli kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Bafumanise ukuba i-60 pesenti inemiyalezo ehambelana nemekobume, ngelixa kuphela ngama-23 ekhulwini akhuthaza ioli negesi. Owona myalezo udumileyo wawungokwamkela amandla acocekileyo, kulandele ukubhengeza iinzame zabo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Iinkampani ezininzi zeoyile zinesicwangciso sokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo ngo-2050 - nangona izicwangciso zazo zihlala asilele ukunika ingxelo malunga nokukhutshwayo ukusuka kumafutha efosili abawathengisayo.
Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ezi nkampani zenza umzamo wokwenene wokuziqhelanisa neoli, imveliso yazo ephambili, ekuthengisweni kwazo. Cinga ngeBP'Singobani” kwiwebhu, echaza usukelo “lokucinga ngokutsha amandla ebantwini nakwiplanethi yethu” nokunceda “ihlabathi lifikelele kwiqanda elitsha.” Kuya kufuneka uskrolele ezantsi kwephepha ukuze ufumane nakuphi na ukukhankanywa “kweoyile” konke konke, kwaye nangona kunjalo, ikwicandelo elimalunga nendlela inkampani ehamba ngayo kumafutha efosili.
“Icace gca,” utshilo uFaye Holder, umbhali-mbhali wale ngxelo intsha. "Bazama ukudlulisela umyalezo ebantwini ukuba abayonkampani yeoli - bayinxalenye yesisombululo kutshintsho lwemozulu." UShell's "Mayelana nathi" iphepha lewebhu alikhankanyi ioyile nerhasi kwaphela; kwaye akunjalo IChevron's, "inkampani yamandla abantu."
Iziphumo zixhasa uphando lwangaphambili olutyhilileyo ukwahlukana okukhulu phakathi kwamazwi kunye nezenzo zeOli enkulu. Iinkampani ze-oyile ziye zagxininisa iziqinisekiso zazo eziluhlaza ukugubungela izenzo zokonakalisa indalo amashumi eminyaka, isiko lokuthengisa elibizwa ngokuba "yi-greenwashing." Kwaye abantu bayayithenga. Uphando lubonise ukuba ii-arhente zobudlelwane boluntu ziye yabumba ingxoxo yoluntu phezu kokutshintsha kwemozulu iminyaka 30, ukuthandwa kwamabinzana afana "i-carbon footprint" kunye "namalahle acocekileyo" ukugxininisa uxanduva lomntu kunye nokususa ityala kumafutha efosili. Ukuhlamba iGreenwashing kuye kwasasazeka kangangokuba igama lisanda kongezwa kwi Merriam-Webster isichazi-magama.
Enye indlela yokuxelela ukuba iinkampani zihlamba i-greenwashing kukubona ukuba ziyisebenzisa njani imali yazo. Lilonke, i-12 yepesenti yenkcitho enkulu ye-Big Oil ka-2022 kulindeleke ukuba iye kwimisebenzi "yekhabhoni ephantsi", ngokusekwe kulwazi oluvezwe ziinkampani. Kwaye olu didi lunesisa: Zombini iTotal kunye noShell babonakala bebeke utyalo-mali lwerhasi yendalo kweli bhakethi “lekhabhoni ephantsi,” ngokwengxelo ye-InfluenceMap, exubana neentengiso ezikhuthaza amafutha efosili “njengeluhlaza.”
Emva koko kukho impembelelo yezopolitiko. Uphando olutsha lwafumanisa ukuba iinkampani ezine kwezintlanu, ngaphandle kwe-French giant Total, ziye zacela ngqo imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe-oyile kunye negesi ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2021. ubungqina kwiCongress ngo-Epreli, umzekelo, iCEO yakwaShell uGretchen Watkins wakhuthaza ukuba kuvumeleke iiprojekthi zeoyile negesi entsha kwiGulf of Mexico.
Ukongeza, ingxelo entsha ifumanise ukuba zonke iinkampani ngaphandle kweChevron zisandula ukuphembelela ukuba buthathaka imigaqo-nkqubo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ngokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwerhasi yendalo. NgoDisemba ophelileyo, iExxon zenze iintengiso ephikisana nomthetho ocetywayo oza kuvala igesi kwizakhiwo ezitsha kwisiXeko saseNew York, ngobuxoki belumkisa abaninimzi ukuba banokunyanzelwa ukuba bahlawule amawaka eedola ukuba batshintshele kwizinto zombane. I-BP, i-Chevron, i-Exxon, kunye ne-Shell ngamalungu e-American Petroleum Institute, intlangano yoshishino oluchasa ngokusebenzayo imigaqo-nkqubo yemozulu.
Ingxelo yafumanisa ukuba ii-CEO zihamba phambili ekukhuthazeni umfanekiso oluhlaza kwiinkampani zabo. "Iinkampani ezisebenza kakhulu kwikhabhoni namhlanje - kodwa zinomnqweno wokwenza i-decarbonise kwaye zifikelele kwi-zero njengoko @bp_plc isenza - ziyafuneka lihlabathi rhoqo njengeenkampani eziluhlaza," uBernard Looney, i-CEO yeBP, ithunyelwe kwi-Instagram kuAprili ophelileyo.
I-LinkedIn yenye yeendawo abazithandayo ukuba bayenze. I-CEO ye-Chevron, i-Shell, i-BP, kunye ne-Total yenza amabango aluhlaza malunga neshishini labo kwi-72 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu kwezithuba zabo apho. “Kubonisa ukuba lo mzamo ukhokelwa ngaphambili, kwaye utyhalwa ziinkokeli zezi nkampani,” utshilo uHolder.
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