Uyakwazi ukuva igumbi le-echo liphindaphinda iindawo zokuthetha:
• I-Independent Petroleum Association of America ikhalazela ukuba iimvume zokomba kunye nongcoliseko zinqanda ukukhula kwemisebenzi.
• Intloko yeNational Association of Manufacturers kunye nerhuluneli yaseVirginia babhala inqaku elidibeneyo elibizwa ngokuba “Imithetho ecetywayo ye-EPA inokwenzakalisa ukukhula komsebenzi.”
• Umgqatswa wobumongameli u-Newt Gingrich uhlaba ikhwelo lokuba ichithwe i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo ngenxa “yendalo yayo yokubulala umsebenzi.”
• USennenja uJohn Barrasso, esazisa umthetho kwigunya le-EPA, ubiza umthetho osayilwayo wakhe “uMthetho wokuKhusela amandla afikelelekayo eMelika kunye neMisebenzi.”
• Amalungu alishumi elinesithathu eeSenetha aqala ileta yawo ecela i-EPA ukuba ivumele ungcoliseko olungakumbi olusuka kwiibhoyila zemizi-mveliso ngokuthi, “Sizibophelele ekukhuseleni imisebenzi okanye abantu baseMelika abasebenza nzima.”
• INkokheli yesininzi seNdlu eNtsha u-Eric Cantor kwintetho yakhe yomgangatho wokuqala ehlasela "imimiselo karhulumente ebulala umsebenzi."
• Namanye amaDemokhrasi, afana noSenator Jay Rockefeller, aceba ukwazisa umthetho wokuthintela i-EPA ekulawuleni iigesi zegreenhouse, ukuyigcina isisisongelo kwimisebenzi.
Ngaba abasebenzi kunye nemibutho yethu kufuneka bathembe iinkampani ze-oyile, iinkokeli zeshishini, kunye nezithethi zabo zezopolitiko ukuba bathetha inyani malunga nefuthe lommiselo we-EPA kwimisebenzi? Okanye ngaba kufuneka siqale sizijonge kakuhle, sizijonge ngamandla?
A isifundo sisandula kukhutshwa by Ceres kwaye i Iziko loPhando loQoqosho lwezopolitiko kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts iphonononga iziphumo zemisebenzi yeminye yemimiselo emitsha - leyo ihlaselwe kabuhlungu ngabagxeki be-EPA. Olu phononongo lubhalwe kakuhle lufumanisa ukuba kude nokuba “ngababulali bemisebenzi,” le mimiselo mitsha iya kudala imisebenzi emitsha ephantse ibe ngama-300,000, ingakumbi abantu abanezakhono, abanemivuzo ephezulu yemisebenzi yeenjineli, abaphathi beeprojekthi, iingcali zombane, iibhoyila, oomatshini bokulungisa imibhobho, oomatshini bokungqusha, nabasebenza ngentsimbi.
I-Ceres (ebizwa ngokuthi "uchungechunge") yinethiwekhi yesizwe yabatyalo-mali, imibutho yendalo esingqongileyo kunye namanye amaqela anomdla woluntu asebenza kunye neenkampani kunye nabatyali-mali ukujongana nemingeni yokuzinza njengokutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi. IZiko loPhando loQoqosho lwezoPolitiko (i-PERI) licandelo elizimeleyo leYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts, e-Amherst, kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo kwiSebe lezoQoqosho.
Uphononongo olutsha lujoyina inani elikhulu lezifundo zangaphambili ezibonisa ukuba ummiselo we-EPA, ngaphezu kokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yoluntu, ikwasebenza njengenkqubo yokuvuselela uqoqosho kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso loqoqosho lwaseMelika. Ezi zifundo ziphikisana ngokuthe ngqo ne-mantra ephindaphindiweyo yokuba imimiselo yokusingqongileyo "ngababulali bemisebenzi."
Uphononongo lweYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts lubizwa ngokuba nguMoya ococekileyo / imisebenzi emitsha: Iziphumo zeNgqesho zoTshintsho olucwangcisiweyo kwiMimiselo yoNgcoliseko loMoya ye-EPA. Igxininisa kumazwe angama-36 kwisiqingatha esisempuma se-US evelisa phantse ikota yesithathu yombane welizwe. Ivavanya impembelelo yemigaqo emibini yoMthetho woMoya ococekileyo ekulindeleke ukuba ikhutshwe ngo-2011. Omnye nguMthetho wezoThutho loMoya ococekileyo (“uMthetho wezoThutho”) olawula ukukhutshwa kwesulfure dioxide kunye nenitrogen oxide. Enye yiMigangatho yeSizwe yokuKhusela iziNgcolisi zoMoya eziBubungozi kwiiBoiler eziSebenzayo ezilawula imekyuri, ilothe, i-arsenic, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya (“Utility MACT”). Le yeminye yemithetho emitsha abagxeki abayimangalele ukuba ibeka “amakhulu amawaka emisebenzi” emngciphekweni yaye “ixabisa iUnited States imisebenzi engama-40,000 60,000 ukusa kuma-XNUMX XNUMX ngonyaka.”
Uphononongo luvavanye okuya kwenzeka ukuba i-EPA ikhupha iimfuno ezingqongqo zokuthotyelwa. Ilindele ukuba ezi mfuno ziyakuhlangatyezwana nazo ngokubeka izixhobo zokulawula ukungcoliseka kwendalo ezifana nezikhuhla kunye nolawulo lwenxalenye kuzo zonke iiplanti zamandla ezibaswa ngamalahle ngo-2015 kunye nokususa ezinye izakhiwo ezigugayo, ezingasebenzi kakuhle ngezitsha, ezingangcolisi kangako. Uphononongo lubandakanya zombini imisebenzi kwizityalo ezichaphazelekayo kunye nemisebenzi echaphazelekayo kwiinkampani ezibonelela ngempahla kunye neenkonzo kubo.
Uphononongo lufumanisa ukuba phakathi kuka-2010 no-2015, utyalo-mali ukuhlangabezana nemimiselo emitsha luza kuvelisa iminyaka ye-1.46 yezigidi zemisebenzi kumazwe angama-36. Loo nto ilingana nama-290,000 emisebenzi unyaka wonke kulo lonke ixesha leminyaka emihlanu. Eminye yemisebenzi iya kuba yeyokwenza kunye nokufakela izixhobo zokulawula ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nomthamo omtsha wokuvelisa amandla ngokwenza kunye nokufakela iiiturbines, iicompressor, imibhobho, intsimbi neemveliso zentsimbi, oomatshini bolawulo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokwakha, ukudala imisebenzi kulwakhiwo, ukwenziwa kwesinyithi, kunye ubunjineli. Abanye baya kuba kumashishini abonelela ngeemveliso kunye neenkonzo, kubandakanya ukwenziwa kwentsimbi, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo ye-catalyst, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yolawulo, kunye neenkonzo zothutho. Ayeya kubandakanya amacandelo obunjineli, amalahle, igesi yendalo, ukwenziwa kwentsimbi, ukwakha neenkonzo zoshishino.
Isixhobo esitsha siya kufuna ukusebenza ngokusisigxina kunye nabasebenzi bokulungisa ukusiqhuba. Kwangaxeshanye, eminye imisebenzi iya kulahleka njengoko amaziko ombane amadala, angasebenziyo kakuhle ayayekwa. Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba kuzakudalwa imisebenzi emitsha engama-22,000 lo gama i-18,000 iza kulahleka, ngenzuzo eyi-4,000 yemisebenzi. Uninzi lwezityalo ezindala ziya kupheliswa kungekhona ngenxa yemimiselo yokusingqongileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ziye zangenanzuzo ngenxa yamaxabiso aphantsi egesi yendalo, ukunciphisa imfuno, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa ngenxa yeteknoloji engasebenziyo.
Imimiselo iya kukhokelela ekwandeni kwemisebenzi engaphezulu kwe-120,000 yeminyaka yemisebenzi e-Illinois, i-123,000 eVirginia, i-113,000 eTennessee, i-76,000 kuMntla Carolina, kunye ne-76,000 e-Ohio. Kwilizwe ngalinye kummandla ofundiweyo, inani lemisebenzi emitsha edaliweyo liphezulu kunelo elilahlekileyo.
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ummiselo uya kuba nezinye izibonelelo ezininzi ngaphezu kokunyuka kwengqesho. Iya kuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ucocekile, iphucule impilo yoluntu, ikhuthaze ubugcisa obusebenzayo, obunokhuphiswano ngakumbi, inciphise iigesi ezingcolisayo, ize yandise ingeniso yerhafu karhulumente. Yaye iya kuvuselela “imisebenzi ecekisekayo” ebangelwa kukuba abasebenzi banemali ezipokothweni zokuthenga izinto ezenziwe okanye ezithengiswa ngabanye abasebenzi.
Intetho eyoyikisayo yokuba ummiselo we-EPA "uya kubulala imisebenzi" unembali ende, ubuyela kwimvelaphi yokhuseleko lwendalo ye-Federal. Ngokomzekelo, i-US Business Roundtable yaxhasa uphononongo olugcina ukuba ngenxa yezilungiso zoMthetho woMoya ococekileyo wowe-1990, “Akukho mathandabuzo ancinane okuba ubuncinane bemisebenzi engama-200,000 (kunye) iya kulahleka ngokukhawuleza, ngezityalo zivalwa kuthotho lwamazwe. Eli nani linokugqithisa ngokulula imisebenzi esisigidi - kunye nezigidi ezibini zemisebenzi - kwiingqikelelo ezigqithisileyo malunga nomngcipheko wokushiyeka. ” Noko ke, kwiminyaka esibhozo emva kwezi zihlomelo, kwalahleka imisebenzi engaphantsi kwama-7,000 XNUMX kulo lonke ilizwe, yaye babuyekezwa izihlandlo ezininzi ngemisebenzi emitsha yokulawula ungcoliso.
Izifundo ezininzi zangaphambili zibhale iziphumo eziluncedo kwimigaqo ye-EPA. Ngokomzekelo, i-Ofisi yoLawulo kunye neBhajethi isifundo yafumanisa ukuba, ngaphezu komoya ococekileyo kunye nempilo engcono yoluntu, ukulawulwa kwe-EPA phantsi koMthetho woMoya ococekileyo unikeze iirandi ezine ukuya kwezisibhozo kwiinzuzo kuzo zonke iidola ezichithwe ekuthotyelweni. Olunye uphando lwe-OMB lufumene ukuba i-EPA yomoya kunye nemimiselo yamanzi ukusuka kwi-1999 ukuya kwi-2009 ixabisa i-$ 26-29 yezigidigidi ngonyaka kodwa ivelise inzuzo kwi-82-533 yezigidigidi.
Ulawulo lwe-EPA lukhokelele kuphuhliso lweshishini lolawulo lokusingqongileyo elikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ikhuthaze ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobugcisa, ezifana nokuphuhliswa kwee-catalytic converters, eziye zenza i-US enye yezona zihamba phambili zehlabathi zokuthumela ubugcisa bolawulo lokusingqongileyo.
Kuthekani ngabo baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo ngenxa yokuvalwa koomatshini bombane abakudala nabangasebenziyo? Lo ngumbuzo ekufuneka abasebenzi abacwangcisiweyo bathathele ingqalelo kuwo. Kanye njengoko urhulumente we-Federal wathatha uxanduva lokujongana nemiphumo yokuvalwa kweziseko zomkhosi ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yoLungiso lweSiseko kunye noValo (BRAC), ngoko ke ulawulo luka-Obama kufuneka luthathe uxanduva lwabasebenzi kunye noluntu oluchatshazelwa kukuvalwa kwezixhobo zombane. Isicwangciso somgaqo-nkqubo woluntu sinokutsalwa kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo njengeeNkonzo zokuPhendula ngokuKhawuleza kwiSebe lezeMisebenzi kunye neZibonelelo zeSizwe eziNgxamisekileyo zoLawulo lweNgqesho noQeqesho lwe-DOL, kwakunye nenkxaso-mali yophuhliso loqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemizi-mveliso kunye nohlengahlengiso oluvela kwiSebe lezaMandla noRhwebo. .
Iindleko zokuthobela ummiselo we-EPA ngokuqhelekileyo zingaphantsi kweepesenti ezimbini zeendleko zoshishino zizonke. Umbono wokuba iinkampani ziya kuvala okanye ziye phesheya ukunqanda ezo ndleko ziyahlekisa. Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zihlala zizama ukugxeka ukuvalwa kunye nokubaleka kwiindleko zokuthotyelwa kwendalo njengendlela yokususa uxanduva kwezinye izizathu, ezinje ngetekhnoloji entsha, ukunyuka kwemveliso, ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso amandla - kunye nezigqibo zabo zobuchule beshishini.
Akunzima ukubona ukuba kutheni iinkampani zifunwa ukuba zicoce into ephuma kwimiphunga yazo ijonge ukulwa nayo njengokuxhuzulwa kumgca wabo ophantsi. Kwaye akukho nzima ukubona ukuba kutheni benokuxhaphaza ingxaki yemisebenzi yaseMelika kubasebenzi be-bamboozle ukuba babavumele ukuba batyhefeke emoyeni simahla. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba kusemdleni wabasebenzi okanye kubantu baseMelika ukuvuma.
Ngaphambi kokuba samkele ingxoxo yabo, kufuneka sibuze: Ngaba uhlaselo lommiselo we-EPA ngokwenene ngumzamo wokukhusela imisebenzi yaseMelika? Okanye ngaba ngumzamo wokukhusela umgca weCorporate America?
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