Umthombo: Amaphupha aqhelekileyo
Ngaba iinkampani zemidiya yoluntu ziyababulala abantu?
Kwiveki ephelile, UMongameli Biden bathi babe. Kodwa ngoMvulo, uye wawacacisa amazwi akhe, esithi lulwazi olungelulo olu lolona loyiko.
Imodeli yokuzibandakanya nabasebenzisi abaqhuba amashishini afana noFacebook kunye neYouTube yenza kube lula ukuba ulwazi olungeyonyani lusasazeke ngesantya esingazange senzeke ngaphambili.
Ngokwenyani, kukudityaniswa kwezi zimbini ezixabisa ubomi. Izimvo zikaBiden zilandele a Ingcebiso jikelele yogqirha wotyando wase-US, efumanise ukuba imodeli yokuzibandakanya komsebenzisi eqhuba amashishini afana ne-Facebook kunye ne-YouTube yenza kube lula ukuba ulwazi olungalunganga olubulalayo lusasazeke ngesantya kunye nesikali esingazange senzeke ngaphambili. La maqonga akwi-intanethi ayile iimveliso zawo ngendlela ekhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba babelane ngobuxoki—ebangela ukuba abantu bawagatye amanyathelo ezempilo kawonke-wonke achasene ne-COVID-19, bahlasele abasebenzi bezempilo yoluntu, kwaye bamkele “unyango olungummangaliso” oluyingozi.
“Xa kufikwa kulwazi olungelulo, ukungabelani kukukhathala,” utshilo uGqirha woGqirha uVivek Murthy ngexesha lengxelo ye-White House kwiveki ephelileyo. Ingcebiso yakhe inika i-akhawunti eneenkcukacha yeendlela zokusasazeka kwempilo engeyiyo kunye ne-disinformation ekhukulise uluntu ngobuxoki.
Ulwazi olungeyonyani ngempilo lwalubulala ngaphambi kokunyuka kwamaqonga e-intanethi, kodwa ingxaki iyanda ngeendlela ezintsha ngenxa yetekhnoloji ezi nkampani zisebenzisayo ukukhupha nokuxhaphaza idatha yethu yedemografi kunye nokuziphatha.
Oku kutsalwa kwedatha kukhuthaza ukuchaneka-kujoliswe kuko abantu abaneentengiso, umxholo kunye neengcebiso zeqela, kubandakanya abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-43 eUnited States abalwimi zabo zokuqala isiSpanish. Ngoku ka multiple Iingxelo, abadlali abanokholo olubi kunye nabanolwazi olungelulo baye bathatha iinkqubo ze-YouTube zolwimi lwaseSpain, uluntu lwe-WhatsApp kunye namaqela e-Facebook ukusasaza unyango olungeyonyani kunye neengcamango zeyelenqe malunga noluhlu lwezoyikiso zempilo. Ngelixa ezi nkampani zenze umsebenzi ombi wokujongana nale ngxaki ukukhusela abasebenzisi abathetha isiNgesi, ziyenzile kwenziwe kakubi kakhulu xa sithetha ngokusasazwa kolwazi olungachananga ngeelwimi ezithethwa ngabantu abaninzi abasuka kwamanye amazwe.
UGqr. Murthy ubongoze amaqonga ukuba “anyuke” enze ngakumbi, kubandakanywa ukusebenza ngokungafihlisiyo, ukubeka esweni ulwazi olungeyonyani ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo ngokuchasene nentaphane yabasasazi bobuxoki abafumene ikhaya elinengeniso kwiinkonzo zabo.
Yingxelo engazange ibonwe ngaphambili evela kugqirha ophambili wesizwe, kodwa amaqonga afana noFacebook, Twitter kunye neYouTube aya kwenza kakhulu ngaphandle kwemithetho ebabeka ekuphenduleni kwimpilo yoluntu nakwintlalontle. Njengecuba elikhulu phambi kwabo, iinkampani zeBig Tech zihlala zibeka inzuzo kunye nokukhula kukhuseleko lwabasebenzisi bazo. Asinakulinda de kufe abantu abaninzi ngaphambi kokuba sithathe amanyathelo.
Kwaye ngelixa i ezininzi uluntu-mdla amaphulo acinezela amaqonga ukuba enze ngcono abalulekile, urhulumente unendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka eyidlalile ekuqiniseni imifuziselo yengeniso eyityhefu yeenkampani.
Isenzo sasimahla soShicilelo sichaze amanyathelo amathathu abenzi bomthetho kwaye i-White House kufuneka ithathe ukuphendula kusasazeka okuyingozi kweqonga elingalunganga kunye ne-disinformation. La manyathelo—ngaphezu kwalo naluphi na utshintsho oluye lwenziwa ziinkampani zobugcisa ngokuzithandela—yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokuqala ukukhusela ikamva lenkqubo yethu yolwazi kunye nempilo yabasebenzisi bayo.
Okokuqala, iCongress kufuneka iphumelele UbuLungisa be-Algorithmic kunye noMthetho weQonga lokuSebenza elubala kwi-Intanethi, yaziswa ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka nguSen. Edward Markey (D-Massachusetts) kunye no-Rep. Doris Matsui (D-California). Lo mthetho ubalulekileyo uya kuphazamisa indlela amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo asebenzisa ngayo idatha yomntu kunye ne-algorithms yocalucalulo ukujolisa kubasebenzisi kunye nokwandisa inzuzo yenkampani kuzo zonke iindleko. Iya kunyanzela ukucaca ngakumbi kwiindlela iinkampani zetekhnoloji ezisebenzisa ngayo i-algorithms yokubandakanya, ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kocalucalulo lolwazi lomntu, kunye nokuseka iqela elisebenzayo lokuseka ukhuseleko loluntu-kunye-
Okwesibini, kufuneka sixhase ngcono iindaba ezithembekileyo zasekhaya kunye nolwazi njengeyeza lokunyanga ukusasazeka kobuxoki be-intanethi. A kwamva nje ukusuka kwiZiko le-UNC loMthetho weMedia noMgaqo-nkqubo wafumanisa ukuba ulwazi olungelulo kunye nobuxoki olusasazeke kumajelo osasazo oluntu luhlala luvala isithuba esishiyekileyo xa uluntu lulahlekelwa yimithombo ethembekileyo yeendaba zasekuhlaleni. Isenzo saMahala soShicilelo senze isindululo a irhafu kwiingeniso zentengiso la mandla iBig Tech yokuxhasa ngezimali iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, zasekhaya kunye nezobuntatheli ezizimeleyo ezilahlekileyo njengoko amagumbi eendaba asekhaya evaliwe kwaye neentatheli ziphulukene nemisebenzi. Inxalenye yale mali yengeniso yerhafu kufuneka iye ekuxhaseni iindaba ezingezizo ezesiNgesi kunye nolwazi eluntwini oluhlala lungahoywa okanye lungachazwanga ngamaziko aqhelekileyo.
Okwesithathu, i-White House kufuneka yonyule igosa le-interagency ukulungelelanisa ukufunda kunye nesenzo kwiinkampani zetekhnoloji zedatha eyingozi, kubandakanya iindlela iimodeli zabo zoshishino zokwandisa ukusasazeka kolwazi olungeyonyani olubulalayo. Lo msebenzi uquka ukukhuthaza iKhomishoni yoRhwebo ye-Federal ukuba iqalise umgaqo kwidatha eyingozi kunye nezenzo ze-algorithmic, eziza kuhlola imodeli yezoshishino esekelwe kwi-algorithm ekhuthaza ubuxoki obunobuthi kwaye ithembele ekubandakanyekeni-ngenzuzo phezu koxanduva loluntu. Ukujolisa ingqalelo kwiindlela amaqonga ajonga ngayo kwaye asuse ulwazi olungachanekanga lweelwimi ezininzi kufuneka kube yinto ephambili.
Xa iofisi yotyando jikelele yaqala ukukhala ngecuba ngo-1964, iCongress yalandela amanyathelo ukuqalisa ukulungisa umonakalo omkhulu owenziwe lishishini kwizizukulwana zabantu abatshayayo bokuqala kunye nabo batshayayo. Ngoku njengoko uGqr. Murthy ekhuphe isilumkiso sezempilo esifanayo ngokuchasene nolwazi olungelulo lweqonga, urhulumente kufuneka enze okungakumbi kunokuqhwaba nje isilumkiso kwiimveliso zeBig Tech. Abaqulunqi bomthetho kufuneka bakhusele abantu kwimodeli yeshishini elenza ukuba ulwazi olungeyonyani lube nengeniso.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela