Njengoko abanini-mhlaba beqhubeka nokusukela inzuzo, kwaye abezopolitiko bevumela ukugxothwa kwexesha lobhubhani ukuba kuphele, ukurhanelwa kwabantu kwenkqubo yezindlu ezinoburhalarhume kubonakala kakhulu kunangaphambili-ingakumbi kwizixeko ezikhulu zaseMelika.
Noko ke, uninzi lwamajelo eendaba asasaza ingxaki yezindlu eya isanda, igxininisa kwizinto ezichazwa njengobubi obuthathu: ukuba abanini-mhlaba ekucingelwa ukuba bangathathi ntweni bayacinezelwa; ukuba abantu kunye neentsapho ezihlala ngaphandle kwamakhaya zitshabalalisa ubuhle bezixeko; kwaye oko, ngokuhambelana neyona yamva nje uvalo oluvelisiweyo ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo, abantu abangenamakhaya basisongelo kubomi nakwimpahla yabemi abathobela umthetho.
Ngokutyhala la mabali, amajelo eendaba asebenzisanayo abandakanyeka kwiqhinga lokungaqondi kakuhle. Oku kukhusela udidi olufanelekileyo ekuhlolweni malunga nengxaki ezenzele yona-apho lufumana kuyo inzuzo enkulu-ngelixa ityala libekwe kubaqeshi abanomthwalo ogqithisileyo kunye nabantu abangenazindlu.
Ingxaki kaMa noPa Landlord
Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, irente kwilizwe lonke inyuke ngesantya esimangalisayoโingaphezulu lee ekukhuleni kwemivuzo yabasebenzi. Umndilili ocela irenti ngoJulayi ka-2022 yayi ngaphezulu kwe-30% enkulu kunokuba bekunonyaka ongaphambili. Kwangelo xesha linye, imivuzo yanda 5%.
Ngelixa abantu kunye neentsapho benyanzeliswa ukuba batshone inxalenye enkulu yengeniso yabo kwizindlu, kwaye njengoko abantu abaninzi bejongana nethemba lokutshintsha ubomi lokufuduka, amaziko eendaba athathe isigqibo sokuba awona maxhoba afanelekileyo ale ngxaki. Ngabanini-mhlaba, abajongene neendleko ezinyukayo kwaye bathintelwe ekunyuseni irente ngoongqongqo bomthetho kunye noluvo loluntu.
Uvelwano olungenamda lwemithombo yeendaba kubanini-zindlu โabancinciโ kunye โnabaphakathiโ zimiselwe kakuhle. Njengoko ubhubhani wawugquba kwaye izigidi zabantu zisokola ukuhlawulela izinto eziyimfuneko, iindawo zokuseka zihlala zihlala. wakhetha ukugxila malunga nendlela ukumiswa kokukhutshwa kwabantu ebebehlutha abanini-mihlaba ilungelo labo lokuphosa abaqeshe abagwenxa ezitalatweni.
CNBC (6/25/21) ucaphule u-Dean Hunter, owaziswa โnjenge-CEO yoMbutho wabanini-zintsapho ezininzi eziNcinci kunye nomqeshisi ngokwakheโ:
Le yeyona nto igqithisayo kwaye ibanzi kakhulu yokuthatha impahla yabucala ebomini bamโฆ. Ukumiswa kokugxothwa kubulala abanini-mhlaba abancinci, hayi ubhubhane.
Ngeentsuku zokuqala zesifo, ixesha (6/11/20) yaxela kwangaphambili ukuba ukumiswa kokugxothwa kuya kubangela zonke iintlobo zentlekele kumnini-mhlaba omncinci:
Abanini-mhlaba omama kunye no-pop abakwaziyo ukutsala imali yabo ukuze baphumelele kuthintelo lokugxothwa olubekwe ngoorhulumente babo basekhaya banokusokola ukubuyisela ilahleko yabo xa yonke into iphelileโฆ. Abaqashi abagxothiweyo ngamanye amaxesha bayabaleka ukungawahlawuli amatyala abo ngokutshintsha iiakhawunti zebhanki, ukungahoyi ii-arhente zokuqokelela, ukusebenza imisebenzi yemali kuphela, ukufaka iifayili zokutshona okanye ukubalekela urhulumente.
Njengoko kwavela, ixeshaIzibhengezo zobuqili abaqeshisi besebenzisa zonke iindlela ezifumanekayo ukwenza amaxhoba abanini-mhlaba abasokolayo babengalunganga. NgoJulayi 2021 isifundo ukusuka Terner Centre for Housing Innovation at UC Berkeley wafumanisa ukuba nje 35% abanini ezirentwayo ezincinci bafumana nakuphi na ukuhla kwengeniso, ngelixa malunga 13% eneneni ingxelo ukunyuka kwengeniso yerenti ngo-2020. Ngo October 2021 umbiko ukusuka kuJPMorgan Chase, okwangoku, waqukumbela:
Kumnini-mhlaba omncinci ophakathi, umvuzo wokurenta wehlile, ngakumbi kwiinyanga zokuqala zobhubhane, kodwa wachacha ngokukhawuleza. Umnini-mhlaba ophakathi uphelise unyaka nge-3% yentsilelo encinci kwirentiโฆ. Idatha yethu ibonisa ukuba abanini-mhlaba bakwazile ukunciphisa iindleko zabo ngaphezulu kwengeniso yabo yerenti, nto leyo ekhokelele ekukhuleni kwemali yabanini-mhlaba ngexesha lo bhubhani.
'Kuthekani ngabaqeshisi bazo?'
Nanjengoko ukhuseleko lwabahlali bexesha lobhubhane belunjalo ivunyelwe ukuba iphele ngabezopolitiko abazimisele ukukhonza indawo yokuhlala yezindlu, amajelo eendaba aqhubeka etyhala ingxelo yokuba abanini-mhlaba bayabandezelekaโngeli xesha ngenxa yokunyuka kweendleko.
Ngalo mgca, i ENew York Times (9/27/22) yaqhuba isiqwenga esinomxholo othi โUkunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto Kubethe Kanzima Abaqeshi. Kuthekani Ngabanini-mhlaba Babo?โ Eli nqaku lichaza ubunzima obujongene noNeal Verma, inkampani yakhe iNova Asset Management-apho i Maxesha inike ikhonkcoโilawula amagumbi angama-6,000 XNUMX kummandla waseHouston. โIyonakalisa imida yethu,โ utshilo uMnu. Verma:
Iingeniso zethu zonyaka ophelileyo ziye zaba ngumphunga, kwaye siqhuba ngexesha lekhefu nakwinani leepropathi. Kukho abanye abantu abacinga ukuba abaqeshisi kufuneka benze imali. Hayi. Sinyuke nge-12% ukuya kwi-14% kuphela, kwaye iindleko zethu zinyuke nge-30%.
The Maxesha, ngelixa esasaza ukothuka kukaVerma "ekubalekeni ngexesha lekhefu nakwinani leepropati," akakwazanga ukubuza nawuphi na umqeshi wakhe malunga nokuba i-12% ukuya kwi-14% yokunyuka kwerenti kubachaphazele njani. Kwaye nangona eli nqaku likhankanya iindleko ezongeziweyo zokugcinwa njengenye yezinto ezinegalelo kwingxaki kaVerma, uNova's. Uphando ncomo ibonisa ukuba ulondolozo olusisiseko alukho phezulu ncam kuluhlu lwezinto eziphambili.
Ngokulungisa ubunzima ekucingelwa ukuba bajongene nabo abanini-mhlaba, iindawo ezithengisayo ziye zatyhala ingcamango yokuba abaqeshisi kufuneka bathwale umthwalo weendleko zezindlu eziqhweshileyo. Kwabo bangenako ukuxhathisa oku, amajelo eendaba eenkampani akhange abe nesisa.
Ulwimi lokunyelisa
Njengoko abantu abatyebileyo basezidolophini beqhubeka nokubuyela kubomi boluntu, amajelo eendaba azaliswe zizijwili ngenxa yokwanda kokubonakala kwabantu abangenamakhaya kwizixeko ezininzi ezikhulu zaseMelika. Olu hlobo lokhuselo ludla ngokubonakalisa ubukho babantu abangenazindlu njengenkathazo engathandekiyo, ngendlela efanayo nezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo okanye inkunkuma engaqokelelwanga.
Ngokwenene, kumajelo eendaba eenkampani, ukuhluthwa kunye nokugxothwa kwabantu abaninzi kungumba we-aesthetics yasezidolophini, kunokuba isiphumo esicetywayo senkqubo yezindlu egcina abaqeshi phantsi kwesithende sabanini-mhlaba ngokoyikiso oluhlala lukhona lokugxothwa.
IiTabloids ezifana ne Post New York basoloko bepapasha amanqaku athobโ isidima abantu abanengxaki yokungabi namakhaya. Isiqwenga esinye esinjalo (10/1/22), enesihloko esithi "ISithili sezeMali se-NYC Ngoku Sichatshazelwe luLwaphulo-mthetho lwe-Spiking, i-Vagrants," ibandakanya umgca: "Ii-hobos ezingaguqukiyo ngokukodwa bezigrogrisa abantu balapha ekuhlaleni."
Kwesinye isikhundla inqaku (7/30/22), enomxholo othi โI-NYC Park Kufuphi IManyano YeCooper Ijika Yaba YiNdawo โYenyanyekayoโ Ezaliswe Zimpuku, Engenakhaya,โ omnye umhlali wasekuhlaleni ukhalaza esithi: โKuyacekiseka oko! Ndiziva ndinomsindo ngenxa yenkunkuma kunye neempuku. Yonke ibhentshi ithathwa ngabantu abangenamakhaya kwaye akukho mntu wenza nto ngayo. โ
Ukubeka abantu abangenazindlu kudidi olufanayo nenkunkuma kunye nezinambuzane, i isikhundla isebenzisa uhlobo ulwimi oluthoba isidima ngokuqhelekileyo ithengiswa ngabayili be-genocide. Amabali okwehlisa isidima sobuntuโabonisa abantu abasuka kwiindawo ekujoliswe kuzo njengabamdaka, abazele zizifo okanye ezifana nezitshabalalisi-kaninzi. beka isiseko ngenxa yenkohlakalo enkulu.
Intetho elolo hlobo iye yagxininiswa ngoosopolitiki abajolise kuyo beka obunye ubunzima kwabo bangenamakhaya, kuquka owayesakuba nguRhuluneli waseNew York u-Andrew Cuomo, ngubani obhekiselele kubantu abafuna indawo yokuhlala kwindlela engaphantsi komhlaba yaseNew York ngexesha lokuphakama kobhubhane โnjengezothe.โ
Ilizwi laseSan Diego (9/16/22), indawo yokuphuma yedijithali engenzi nzuzo, ecaphula ixesha elide kwibala lebhola yomnyazi uBill Walton, owathi, "ngelixa ndikhwele ibhayisekile yam ngoxolo kusasa ngale Cawa eBalboa Park, ndoyikiswa, ndaleqwa ndaza ndabethwa ngabantu abangenamakhaya."
I-multi-millionaire kunye umntu ozenza "ihippie" unomsindo ngokuchasene noSodolophu waseSan Diego uTodd Gloria:
Uthetha ngamalungelo amakhaya [sic], kuthekani ngamalungelo ethu?โฆ Silandela imigaqo yoluntu olusebenzayo, kutheni abanye bevunyelwa ukuba bangayikhathaleli loo mithetho?โฆ Ukungathabathi manyathelo kwenu akwamkelekanga, njengoko kukwanjalo nokuziphatha kweqela lesizwe? abantu abangenamakhaya.
Njengaye isikhundla, i Ilizwi laseSan Diego Abantu abanengxaki yokungabi namakhaya, bebaphatha njengenkitha yabantu abangakwaziyo ukuthetha โihambo yabantu abangenamakhayaโ nelithi โukuhlaselwa kwabantu abangenamakhaya.โ Inqaku laqukunjelwa ngesililo sokugqibela esivela kuWalton:
Unike iindlela zethu zebhayisekile kunye neBalboa Park ebumelwaneni bethu kwiinkampu zabantu abangenamakhaya, kwaye asinakuphinda sizisebenzise, โโkwaye zezethu, oku akwamkelekanga.
Ekupapasheni i-diatribe kaWalton, Ilizwi laseSan Diego bavakalise imbono yabahlali basezidolophini abenziwa bazive bengakhululekanga ngezikhumbuzo ezibonwayo zentlupheko kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ulonwabo abathi balubanga njengelungelo labo elikhethekileyo.
Ukulandela imali
Intumekelelo yosasazo lwezosasazo lokuthengisa amabali alungele udidi olufanelekileyo kulindeleke, kuba iindawo ezininzi ezithengisayo zinomdla ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kwamaxabiso ezindlu.
UBlackRock-oyena mphathi we-asethi omkhulu kwihlabathi-umnini 8.3% ye Inkampani yaseNew York Times, ukuyenza Maxesha' Umtyali-zimali kwiziko lesibini ngobukhulu. I-BlackRock nayo ibamba ngeenxa zonke $ 68 billion kwi-real estate asethi, kuquka i 8.5% isabelo kumaKhaya Ezimemoโa $ 24 billion inkampani ekurhweba ngayo esidlangalaleni engabanini ngeenxa zonke 80,000 iiyunithi zokurenta zosapho olunye eMelika.
Isimemo saba wadalwa yenye inkampani yabucala, iBlackstone, i umnini-mhlaba omkhulu kwimbali, kunye neempahla ezithengiswayo ezixabisa $ 320 billion. Kungekudala emva kokuba isimemo siqaliswe ngo-2012, yaqhuba ukuthenga phantse 90% yamakhaya ithengiswa kwikhowudi yezip enye yaseAtlanta. Izinto ezinjalo zokuthenga ziququzelelwa yinto yokuba abatyali-mali beziko banokuqinisekisa iimali-mboleko amanani enzala asezantsi kakhulu kunezo zinikezelwa kubaboleki ngabanye.
Kwicandelo leshishini (2/16/22) egquma indawo yendlu ka-Blackstone, i Maxesha akazange athethe ngabantu ukuba umphathi we-asethi-exhobe ngeevenkile ezinkulu zeemali kunye neemali-mboleko ezinenzala ephantsi-ukhupha kwimakethi yezindlu ngokuhlala ethenga iipropati kwiireyithi zemarike eziphezulu kakhulu. Kunoko, eli nqaku laqukumbela ngelithi: โIzabelo zikaBlackstone mva nje ziye zanda. Isitokhwe sayo sinyuke malunga ne-80% kwezi nyanga zili-12 zidlulileyo. โ
enye Maxesha Inqaku, elinesihloko esithi โIivenkile ezinkulu zezeMali ezitshaโ (3/10/22), uye wabhekisela kwiqhinga lokuthenga likaBlackstone, kodwa walibonisa ngendlela encomekayo. Umongameli weBlackstone uJonathan Grey wanikwa indawo eyaneleyo yokudumisa amathemba enkampani yakhe:
Njengoko umzi-mveliso wezindlu nezindlu wawusiya usiba krakra emva kwengxaki yemali-mboleko, iBlackstone yasebenzisa inkunzi yayo ukuthenga nokuqesha izindlu nezinye izindlu nomhlaba, iqokelela iibhiliyoni ezingama-280 zeerandi kwizinto zexabiso, ezivelisa phantse isiqingatha sengeniso yefemu. Njengoko inzala yenzalo iphakama, uMnu. Grey waxela kwangaphambili, i-real estate iya kuqhubeka inceda ukusebenza kwayo. Waphawula ukuba irenti eUnited States, kutshanje inyuke ngomyinge wokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.
The Maxesha yavelisa irhafu enyuka โkumlinganiselo ophindwe kabini ukusa kwisithathu wokunyuka kwamaxabisoโ njengethuba elixabisekileyo, kunokuba libe ngunobangela wosizi kwizigidi zabantu. Ayohlukanga kakhulu kwimbono ye โIposi ehlawulweyoโโoko kukuthi, isibhengezo esenzelwe ukufana ngendlela ekhohlisayo Maxesha ikopiโincoma indima kaBlackstone โekubumbeni ikamva.โ
'IWall Street ayinatyala'
Okwangoku, emva kwe-a Twitter umsonto (6/8/21) eyayichaza izenzo zorhwaphilizo zokuthengwa kwezindlu zabatyali-zimali bamaziko ziye zasasazeka, amajelo eendaba eenkampani ayenomdla wokukhusela imithombo yawo yemali eyinkunzi. face (6/11/21) waqinisekisa uluntu ukuba โiWall Street ayizukubekwa tyala ngeMarike yeZindlu enesiphithiphithi.โ Umxholwana weli nqaku wabagxeka abafundi ngelithi โindoda ebhudayo ayinguye lo ufuna ibeyiyo.โ
The Atlantic (6/17/21), esebenzisa ulwimi olufanayo ngokumangalisayo, wapapasha inqaku elinomxholo othi โIlitye Elimnyama Alonakalisi IMarike Yezindlu YaseUnited States,โ kunye nomxholwana othi: โIsigebenga sokwenene asingoGoliyati waseWall Street ongenabuso; ngabamelwane bakho noorhulumente basekhaya abamisa ukwakhiwa kweeyunithi ezintsha.โ Njengo face, i Atlantic yalumkisa abantu abaninzi:
Ukuba sinalo naliphi na ithuba lokulungisa eyona-moshekileyo, imakethi yezindlu yase-US engafikelelekiyo, kufuneka sibhekise ingqumbo yethu kubaphuli-mthetho bokwenyani kune-boogeymen.
Ngokwale ngxelo, abakhi bokwenyani bengxaki yezindlu ngabo bame endleleni yabaphuhlisi babucala bokwakha iiyunithi ezininzi-zonke zifakwe itela njenge-NIMBYs. Ngelixa i-NIMBYism ihlala ikhuthazwa yimidla yobuhlanga kunye neklasi, uluntu oluninzi nazo wachasa uphuhliso olutsha ngaphandle kwe iinkxalabo ezifanelekileyo phezu gentrification kunye nokufuduswa.
Ngaphezulu kwezithuba ezaneleyo
Olu khuselo lwabaphuhlisi kunye nabanini-mhlaba beziko banyuswe ngamajelo eendaba eshishini luqiniswa yingcinga engeyonyani yokuba kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kweeyunithi zezindlu. Ngapha koko, kwizixeko ezininzi zase-US, kukho ngaphezulu kweendawo ezaneleyo ezingenabantu ukubonelela ngamakhaya kumntu ngamnye kunye nosapho oluhlala ngoku ngaphandle kwezindlu ezisisigxina.
inye ingxelo yakutshanje Ufumanise ukuba, "Ngabahlali abangaphezu kwama-36,000 abangahlali bantu, iLos Angeles ngaxeshanye ineeyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama-93,000 ezihleli zingenamntu, phantse isiqingatha sazo sibanjwa kwimakethi yezindlu." ENew York, inani leeyunithi ezingenamntu ezizinzisiweyo zokurenta kuphela-ziqikelelwe nge70,000-inkulu kune abemi bebonke yabantu abahlala ngoku kuthungelwano lweendawo zokuhlala zesixeko.
Ezi zindlu zihlala zingenamntu ngenxa yokuba abanini-mhlaba abaninzi banazo kubalwa ukuba kunenzuzo ethe kratya ukugcina iiyunithi ezilawulwa yirenti zingekho emarikeni kunokuhlaziya okanye ukuzigcinaโnokuba zifikelele kumgangatho ophantsiโamakhaya aqeshelwe abaqeshi ngexabiso elingaphantsi lemarike.
Ubuncinane 100,000 ngaphezulu Amagumbi aseNew York ahlala engenanto kuba abanini bawo bababambele โixesha elithile, ukuzonwabisa okanye ukusetyenziswa ngamathubโ athile,โ okanye basebenzise nje iitshiphusi zotyalo-mali lwexesha elide abangazimiselanga ukuzisebenzisa. Olu tshintsho lukwakhona kwi omnye imizi ngeenxa ilizwe, ngakumbi kwiimarike zezindlu ezibiza kakhulu.
Impatho yovelwano yemidiya ye-Corporate yabanini-mhlaba, idityaniswe nokhuselo lwayo lwabaphuhlisi kunye nabatyali-zimali bezindlu, lubonisa ukuba iindawo ezininzi zokusekwa zinesabelo semali kwishishini lezindlu.
The Atlantic, ethanda face watsiba ukukhusela iwonga labanini-mhlaba kwiziko, uninzi lomnini-mhlaba Ukudibana kukaEmerson-Ishishini lemali eyinkampani umseki kunye nomongameli nguLaurene Powell Jobs, umhlolokazi ka iapile umseki uSteve Jobs. UPowell Jobs, onethamsanqa lokugqitha $ 16 billion, utyale imali iimali ezinkulu kwi-real estate kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo.
faceOyena mnini sabelo mkhulu ngu Comcast, engabanini malunga nesithathu se IVox Media, Inc. The phezulu ezimbini abatyali-zimali beziko kwi Comcast nazo, ezi BlackRock zikhankanywe ngasentla (kwi-6.9%) kunye neQela leVanguard (kwi-8.7%). Vanguard unayo i $ 38 billion ityalwe kwii-asethi zezindlu, kwaye ikwayiyo umtyali-zimali omkhulu kwiziko kwi Inkampani yaseNew York Times, ephethe i-9.5% yezabelo zayo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela