Ngexesha le-Watergate, iintatheli zazihlala zibonwa njengamaqhawe. Nkqu neendaba zokuthengisa zikamabonwakude nonomathotholo, nangona zisendleleni yokuba yimiboniso ye-infotainment, zazijongwa ngabaninzi njengeenxalenye ezinokubakho zesisombululo. Ekupheleni kwe20th Noko ke, kwinkulungwane, inkoliso yabantu yayingabathembi abachola-choli beendaba njengabezobupolitika, yaye uhlolisiso lukaRoper lwafumanisa ukuba ama-88 ekhulwini kwabo kwenziwa uhlolisiso kubo bavakalelwa kukuba abanini bemibutho nababhengezi babenempembelelo engafanelekanga kumaphephandaba.
Uninzi lweentatheli ezisebenzela amajelo eendaba aphambili ziyayikhanyela impembelelo enjalo, ukungakwazi ukuzazi (okanye ukuthetha ngokuphandle) okutyekela ekwenzeni izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi. Inyani yokuba ukuqhubela phambili kudla ngokuthetha ukuhamba kunye nemvumelwano ekhoyo ihlala enye yeemfihlo ezidakisayo zomsebenzi. Kodwa umcimbi awupheleli apho, okanye ukuba uninzi lwemithombo yeendaba ilawula imvelaphi yomxholo, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokuhanjiswa kumakhaya ethu, okanye ukuba silungiselelwa ilizwe le-Intanethi elihlawulelwayo eliya kwenza iingcamango. malunga nedemokhrasi enokubakho ivakala njengentsomi yenzululwazi. Ingxaki esisiseko yindlela iingxoxo zasesidlangalaleni zemiba ebalulekileyo ezibunjwa ngayo ngabagcini-masango kumajelo eendaba.
Nanku umzekelo: Ngo-Agasti 2005, ibali elingaphandle kwi Newsweek kumtyunjwa weNkundla ePhakamileyo uJohn G. Roberts wazikhaba ngawโ omane iingxelo zokuba wayelilungu le-conservative party. Imizekelo emibini ephambili ekhankanyiweyo yayiyindima yomtyunjwa kwiqela lezomthetho likaBush enkundleni yokulwa emva konyulo lwe-2000, echazwe ngu. Newsweek "njengobuncinci," kunye nobulungu bakhe kwi-Conservative Federalist Society, eyayibizwa ngokuba yintlupheko engafanelekanga. Lo kaRoberts โakayiyo ingcamango engqongqo eyayilindelwe ngamakholwa okwenyaniso kumacala omabini,โ yaqukumbela ngelitshoyo le mpapasho.
Izibakala zacebisa uvandlakanyo olwahlukileyo. URoberts wayengumcebisi obalulekileyo wezomthetho, umhleli wesimangalo kunye nomqeqeshi we-prep kwiingxoxo zikaBush phambi kweNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US ngoDisemba 2000, kwaye wayengelona nje ilungu le-Federalist Society kodwa kwikomiti elawulayo yesahluko saseWashington ekupheleni kwe-1990s. Ukuya kwinqanaba, iingcambu zakhe kwi-Conservative Vanguard zibuyela kwimihla yakhe kunye nolawulo lweReagan, xa wayebonelela ngezizathu zomthetho zokurhoxisa indlela urhulumente kunye neenkundla ezijongana namalungelo oluntu, wakhusela iinzame zokunciphisa ukufikelela kuMthetho wamaLungelo okuvota we-1965. , yacela umngeni kwiingxoxo ezixhasa ukukhwela ibhasi kunye nesenzo sokuqinisekisa, kwaye yada yaxoxa ukuba iCongress kufuneka ihluthe iNkundla ePhakamileyo ukukwazi ukumamela iindidi ezibanzi zamatyala oluntu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweengxelo zamajelo eendaba zavumelana NewsweekUchulumanco malunga "nobukrelekrele bakhe kunye nokunyaniseka."
Ukunikezelwa kwezigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo ukususela ekubeni uRoberts waba yiJaji eyiNtloko, ingaba ukugubungela ukuqinisekiswa kwakhe kufanelekile njenge-disinformation ecacileyo ifanelekile ukuqwalaselwa. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko ibonisa ukuba zingaphi iintatheli ezincedisa iinkokeli zezopolitiko, nangona ngamanye amaxesha bengazi, ekuqulunqeni ulwazi loluntu. Njengesiqhelo, oku kwaziwa kurhulumente kunye nobudlelwane boluntu njenge "ulawulo lombono," kwaye ibiqhubeka iminyaka.
Yiyo loo nto ndandilangazelela ukuya kwiNkongolo yesibini yeMedia kunye neDemokhrasi ngo-1998. Iintatheli kunye namatshantliziyo osasazo kwilizwe liphela babehlanganisene eNew York ukuze bathethe ngeengxaki - izinto ezifana nokuxinana kobunini, ukudodobala okungapheliyo kwi-infotainment, i-avanche of intlebendwane, i-disinformation, kunye "neendaba" ezingafunekiyo abantu - kunye neembono zokurhweba malunga nokuba wenze ntoni. Kwakukhuthaza ukuba phakathi koogxa kunye nabahlobo abangaloyikiyo i-A-word-advocacy.
Ngexesha elinye i-iconoclast yobuntatheli uChristopher Hitchens uye waqaphela ukuba igama elithi partisan lisoloko lisetyenziswa kwimeko embi, ngelixa i-bipartisan ichazwa njengesisombululo esihle. Indenze ndazibuza: Ukuba ayilulo uqinisekiso lweqela elinye, yintoni?
Ngokufanayo, uninzi lweentatheli ziye zakuphepha ukuthetha, ngokushicilelweyo okanye emoyeni, ukuba uGeorge W. Bush, uBill Clinton okanye uRonald Reagan baxoke ngelixa umongameli, nangona ezi zinyani ezinokuqinisekiswa. Kodwa bahlala beqaphela ukuba uClinton kunye noReagan babengabanxibelelanisi abakhulu, olululuvo nje. Umba, u-Hitchens ucebise, ayikokunqongophala kolwazi - konke kukho kwindawo ethile - kodwa indlela uninzi lweentatheli ezicinga ngayo kunye nendlela iindaba zakhiwe ngayo.
Okusizisa "kwimarike yasimahla" kunye nokhuphiswano, iingongoma ezimbini ezisisiseko zokholo lwequmrhu. Ngelishwa, uninzi lweentatheli ngabathunywa bevangeli abathembekileyo beCawe yobuKhapitali, uhlobo lwamakholwa okwenyaniso achaza ukupheliswa koncedo ekupheleni kwee-1990s โnjengentshukumo yokuzisa ukhuphiswano kushishino lombane.โ Leyo yayiyintshumayelo yakudala yeshishini, ingeyonyani. Kwathethwa into efanayo - xa kwakuthethwa nantoni na - malunga noMthetho wezoNxibelelwano we-1996, nangona isiphumo sangempela saloo mthetho yayikukunciphisa ukhuphiswano kunye nokutshabalalisa ukhuseleko lwabathengi.
Kwi-2009, xa uSen. John McCain wazisa uMthetho weNkululeko ye-Intanethi, eyenzelwe "ukukhulula" iinkampani ezinkulu ze-telecom ezivela kwizithintelo zokukwazi ukuvimba okanye ukunciphisa ukufikelela kumxholo wabo okhuphisana nabo, intshumayelo ayizange iguquke. Umzekelo, The Wall Street Journal ubhengeze ukuba uzama ukuyekisa abalawuli "kwi-micromanaging Web."
Amajelo osasazo aqhelekileyo nawo ayenokuncinci ukuthetha malunga nokunikezelwa kweTV yedijithali, umzekelo obalaseleyo wentlalontle yenkampani. Ukwenza izigebenga zihlawulele esi sixhobo sikhulu kangaka sikawonke-wonke bekungayinciphisa kakhulu intsilelo yomdibaniso kunye nosasazo lukawonke-wonke olufumana inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo kunye nomabonwakude wabantwana. Endaweni yoko amalungelo e-spectrum anikezelwa simahla. Ekuphela "kwentambo" yayiligalelo elingacacanga eliza kumiselwa kamva.
Ngo-1998, iNkongolo yeMedia kunye neDemokhrasi iye yaphakamisa ezinye iindlela: imithetho echasene nokuthembana ukujongana nehlabathi elitsha lamajelo eendaba ehlabathi, irhafu kwiintengiso-kuquka izigidi zeminikelo yezopolitiko ephelela kwingxowa-mali yamaqumrhu eendaba- uku. ukuxhasa ngemali ngokwaneleyo usasazo lukawonke-wonke kunye nokufikelela koluntu, ukuchithwa kweshishini kumacandelo eendaba, kunye nokuvalwa kweentengiso zabantwana, ukukhankanya ezimbalwa. Ngelishwa, akukho nanye kwezi eyenzekayo.
Kunyaka emva kwaloo ndibano Intando yeninzi Ngoku! umamkeli u-Amy Goodman kunye nentatheli uJeremy Scahill, oye waqhubeka ebhala incwadi ethetha ngekontraka yasemkhosini yabucala uBlackwater, unike umboniso omangalisayo wokuba ukuzinikela kwamajelo eendaba angundoqo ekufuneni inyaniso kunye nokugada urhulumente kunokuba kuncipha kangakanani na. Kwaqhuma uthuli kumsitho wamawonga owawuququzelelwa yiOverseas Press Club. UGoodman kunye noScahill babekho ukuze bafumane iwonga ngefilimu yabo ethi, โUkubhola nokubulala: iChevron kunye nobuGqirha beOyile baseNigeria.โ
Ukuqaphela ukuba isithethi esiphambili somcimbi yayingu-Ambassador we-UN uRichard Holbrooke, umakhi we-NATO osanda kubhengezwa ungenelelo eYugoslavia, umnqweno wokumbuza imibuzo wawungenakuphikiswa. Kodwa bathintelwa ukuba bathethe naye phambi kwentetho, kwaye uScahill wafunda emva koko ukuba imeko yenkangeleko kaHolbrooke yayingelodliwano-ndlebe. Akazange atyhafe, walinda de wagqiba ukuthetha unozakuzaku, wasondela eqongeni wazama kwakhona.
Ngelo xesha uMphathi weMithetho uTom Brokaw wangenelela. Kodwa hayi ukukhusela ilungelo likaScahill lokubuza. Akunjalo, kunoko u-ankile wathi makahlale phantsi. Uthe akulandula uScahill warhuqwa ngoonogada.
Akukho namnye kwiintatheli eziqaphelekayo kweli gumbi owakhupha ilizwi lokukhalaza. Ngexesha apho iibhombu zaziwa eYurophu ngokucacileyo babevakalelwa kukuba โihomboโ yayibaluleke ngakumbi kunokufumanisa isizathu sokuba imfazwe iqale. Ibali elisemthethweni lelokuba urhulumente waseSlobodan Milosevic wala ukuthethathethana neKosovo kwaye wayebandakanyeka kwiphulo elikhohlakeleyo "lokuhlanjululwa kohlanga" elalijongene nokubulawa kwabantu. I-NATO yayingenelela ukuthintela "intlekele yoluntu," yatsho imithombo esemthethweni, kwaye yafuna kuphela ukunciphisa ukubandezeleka kwabantu kunye nokukhusela amalungelo e-Albania yama-Muslim aseKosovo. Kodwa uthotho lwezibakala ezinenkani, ezingahoywanga ikakhulu ngamajelo eendaba aphambili, zaziphikisana nezo zityholo zithuthuzelayo.
NgoFebruwari 1999, xa oko kwakubizwa ngokuba ziingxoxo zoxolo zaqala eFransi, iYugoslavia yanikwa isiphelo: Ukuzimela kweGrant Kosovo kwaye i-NATO imise i-30,000 yamajoni apho kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo - okanye kungenjalo. Ukuba nabani na wayengafuni ukuxoxisana, yayiyi-US kunye ne-NATO. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa okungayekiyo kwamagama afana nokuhlanjululwa kohlanga kunye nokubulawa kohlanga, kunye nokuchazwa ngokutsha kukaMilosevic njengoyena โHitlerโ wamva nje wehlabathi, kwanika esi simo sengqondo sokungayekeleli kwaba yinkxalabo yobuntu. umzabalazo oqhubekayo phakathi kukarhulumente nabazahluleli, ababesilwa imfazwe yamakhaya kangangeminyaka.
Ngoko ke, kwakutheni ukuze kungenelele, yaye kutheni nxamnye namaSerb? I-ajenda efihliweyo yayikukuqhekeza iYugoslavia ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. IiBalkans ngummandla onobuchule, udibaniso lweendlela phakathi kweNtshona Yurophu kunye noMbindi Mpuma otyebile ngeoli kunye neCaspian Basin. Ngeminyaka yee-1990, amagunya aseNtshona aye afumana ulawulo olusebenzayo kwiiriphabliki ezazisakuba yiYugoslavia yaseCroatia, iBosnia, neMacedonia, kwakunye neHungary neAlbania. Eyona nto yayibanjwe yiFederal Republic of Yugoslavia. Ngokufutshane, yema kwindlela yeNew World Order.
Wadlula omnye unyaka, kwaye ngo-2000, uGoodman noScahill babalisa ngamava abo kwi-Press Club baqhwaba izandla ngomdla kumsitho wonyaka wokuwonga iProject Censored. Baye bamkelwa ngokugubungela ibali iKlabhu yeendaba eyayicinezele: Ukutyhala ngabom kwe-NATO ngemfazwe neYugoslavia. Ngaphandle kokungazithembi kwabagcini-masango bemithombo yeendaba, enye inyani yayityhiliwe.
Ezinye iindaba ezingachazwanga eziye zenza uluhlu lwamaBali aPhakamileyo alishumi aBaliwe ngaloo nyaka lubandakanya indlela iinkampani zamayeza ezibeka ngayo inzuzo phambi kweemfuno zempilo, ukungaphumeleli kweAmerican Cancer Society ukukhusela umhlaza nangona ibhajethi yayo idumbile, ukutshatyalaliswa kweelali zamaKurd ngezixhobo zase-US, ubuhlanga bokusingqongileyo eLouisiana, kunye ne-US iceba ukwenza isithuba somkhosi ngokuchasene nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa ngaphandle kwempumelelo yezinye iindawo ezininzi ekwaphuleni amabali imidiya "enkulu" ayihoywanga, kwasala imibuzo ekhathazayo.
UPeter Arnett, owayesakuba yintatheli ye-CNN ewongiwe ngaloo nyaka ngenqaku elimalunga nokuncitshiswa kweendaba zangaphandle, walibeka ngolu hlobo: โSinento enokuba sisityhilelo esitsha namhlanje,โ utshilo. "Kodwa nokuba elinye iphephandaba lilonke lithatha la mabali, ngaba inokwanela?"
Ibingumbuzo omhle kodwa okhathazayo. Kwaye kwalowo unokubuzwa malunga neentshukumo eziqhubekayo ngokubanzi. Ukuba imifelandawonye nemibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo eneneni yadibana ukuze icele umngeni kumandla oshishino nongxowankulu ngokwabo, ngaba bekuya kwanela ukungenisa โinguqu yokweneneโ?
Enye yeengxaki ezisisiseko yindlela yokwenza amaziko anamandla aphendule- kwaye kubani. Ukulandela ingqiqo eqhubekayo, utshintsho lokwenene lubandakanya, ubuncinane, ungenelelo olunamandla lukarhulumente. Kodwa ukuba injongo kukulawula i-mega-corporations edlula imida yelizwe, ekhuphisana nabanye oorhulumente belizwe kunye nokulawula abanye, ekugqibeleni nohlaziyo lwenqanaba lesizwe aluyi kunqumla.
Abaqhubekileyo ngokucacileyo abafuni amaziko alawulwa yinkampani aqhuba ihlabathi. Kodwa yeyiphi enye indlela? Ngaba ukudalwa kwemisebenzi, ukunyanzeliswa okunamandla kunye noxanduva olungakumbi lwaneleyo, okanye ngaba ulungelelwaniso lwangoku lwamazwe ngamazwe lufuna ukulungiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye lutshintshwe? Ukuba kunjalo, ngantoni?
IZizwe eziManyeneyo zinokwenziwa zomelele, kodwa le mfazwe yeMfazwe yoMlomo yayineziphene kwasekuqaleni, kwaye ibijongelwe phantsi yaza yasetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane. Amaxesha akhala ngeembono ezibukhali ngakumbi, into efana nepalamente yehlabathi, edityaniswa ngandlela thile noluntu. Oku kuvakala njenge-utopian - okanye kuyoyikisa, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lakho le-paranoia. Kodwa ukuba uMyalelo weHlabathi oManyanisiweyo wenza umonakalo omkhulu ngakumbi unokuqala ukubonakala unomtsalane. Kwaye ukuba ubulungisa bezentlalo noqoqosho ngenene yeyona nto iqhuba ipolitiki enenkqubela-phambili, ikude kangakanani kwi-ajenda yotshintsho ecela umngeni ngokusisiseko kulawulo lwemarike kwaye inxibelelanisa ihlabathi kunye nendawo? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, esinye isiqubulo sentshukumo sithi "Cinga kwihlabathi liphela, yenza endaweni."
Ingxaki kukuba, akukho ndlela yomlingo yedemokhrasi esebenzayo, kwaye nokuba ibikho, abantu abaninzi abasenalo ithemba, okanye banethemba elikhulu lokuba ihlabathi lisingise phi ukuze babeke ukholo lwabo kwezo zicwangciso zibalaseleyo.
Kwixesha elibizwa ngokuba โlixesha langoku,โ ngokusisiseko izinto zazivakala. Ngaphandle kwazo naziphi na izithintelo zokwexeshana, iingozi zobugcisa okanye oozwilakhe aboyikisayo abantu abaninzi babekholelwa ekubeni kunokwenzeka ikamva elingcono, elitshintsha ihlabathi elalisitshintsha. Kodwa ngoku siphila kwihlabathi "lexesha langoku". Kwaye nangona ingeyondawo engalunganga ngokupheleleyo, igxininisa ukungaqiniseki, umboniso, kunye nesiphithiphithi.
Igama elithi โpost-modernโ laqala ukusetyenziswa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, libhekisela kuncwadi nobugcisa obathatha iindlela zale mihla zade zagqithisa. Ukususela ngoko, iye yatshintsha yaba sisimo sengqondo esiqhelekileyo ngoluntu. Ebonakala ngokuthandabuza, inyanzela "abasemagunyeni" kunye namaziko "awo" ukuba azikhusele kwizityholo ezingasasebenziyo - okanye azinangqondo. Kwelinye icala, eso simo sengqondo sincede ukuwisa uDonga lwaseBerlin kwaye ngamanye amaxesha siye sabeka iingcali neenkokeli kwindawo eshushu. Noko ke, ikwathanda ukucelโ umngeni nayiphi na inkolelo ebambelele ngokuqinileyo.
Ukuziqonda kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphikisana, i-post-modernists ikholelwa ukuba inyaniso yimbono nje kwaye akukho nto kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kakhulu. Imbonakalo yophawu sisigqebelo, sigxininisa ukuphinda-phindeka kwayo nayiphi na into echazwayo. Esona sixhobo segrama esithandwayo ngamanqaku okucaphula, ebethelela ingcamango yokuba amagama awathethi loo nto abonakala ngayo. Oku kubonakalisa ingqiqo yenkcubeko ekhuselayo yobungxowankulu basemva kwexesha, kwaye idlala kakuhle kumacebo osasazo kunye nama-degogue ezopolitiko.
Xa ujongene noomatshini abenze ubomi bantsonkotha ngakumbi, intaphane yenkcazelo engonakaliyo, kunye โnokhethoโ oluninzi kakhulu, ayimangalisi into yokuba abantu, ingakumbi abaselula, bengasachukumiseki kuyo nantoni na. Iincwadi zabo abazithandayo zihlala zivuyiswa kobu buntununtunu kwaye ziyiyeke indlela yokubalisa ebalaseleyo kanye njengesiqhelo kwiinoveli. Nangona uninzi lweemuvi zisaxhomekeke kwifomula yakudala - igorha eloyisa imiqobo ukufikelela usukelo olucacileyo - bambalwa abantu abakholelwa ngokwenene kuloo nto. Ubomi bokwenyani bunzima kakhulu kwaye buntsonkothile.
Ngokugqithisileyo olu lwazi lutsha lukhokelela ekuphoxekeni, ekungafanelwanga nto, kunye nokukhubaza i-narcissism ethanda iifashoni namandla ngaphezu kweenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nayo nayiphi na ingcamango. Kule mihla i-narcissism ayisasebenzi "kubantu abahle" abanxulumene nemifanekiso yabo kuphela. Basenokuba ziinkcuba-buchopho zobuxoki, abakhuthazi ukubala, okanye abavukeli abazingcayo. Okungathandekiyo nangakumbi, ii-narcissists zikufanelekele impumelelo namandla - abakhweli abangenaluvelwano nabaphezulu kakhulu bakulungele ukuzithengisa. Kuluntu lwasemva kwexesha langoku, ukuziphakamisa yeyona ndlela yokugqibela yomsebenzi. Yimeko yemicimbi enokuthi ifake umntu onjengoSarah Palin emandleni.
Amaziko asembindini wempucuko yasemva kwale mihla, ewe, ngamajelo eendaba e-elektroniki, akhuthaza uxinezeleko olungapheliyo kunye neqela eligxekayo. Uninzi lwentengiso lucebisa ukuba inkangeleko yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, ngelixa imiboniso ephakathi kwayo ibethelela umgama ongaqhelekanga, ihlala isiqhwala amehlo ukuba yinto ebekiweyo. Kwaye iindaba? Izinto ezingapheliyo, ezingapheliyo. Kodwa ukunyamezela inyaniso? Yiloo nto yokugqibela esiyilindeleyo.
Okwangoku, kuzo zonke izibonelelo zayo, i-"blogosphere" ikhawuleza kakhulu ukuhlukana kwentlalo. Iiblogi ezininzi kunye neeWebhusayithi zitsala abantu abaneengqondo ezifanayo kuphela, bedala iindaba ezizimeleyo kunye nolwazi olusingqongileyo olukhonza umdla wabagqithi. Akwahlukanga kangako kubudlelwane obabubonakala kumaphephandaba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Inyaniso kunye neenyaniso ziba ziingcamango ekuphikiswana ngazo. Oku kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba abantu bafikelele kwisivumelwano okanye bade babe neengxoxo zoluntu, kwaye kube lula koosomathuba ukuba bangahoyi okanye bajike iinyani ngenxa yokutyhala amaphulo asekelwe kwizinto eziluncedo okanye ezinomdla okhethekileyo.
Umphumo ube kukuphulukana nokholo phantse kuyo yonke into, kunye nesimo sengqondo sokubaleka esisekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba akukho tshintsho lubalulekileyo lunokwenzeka. Inkcubeko edumileyo iyondla kwesi simo sengqondo, ikhuthaza ukugqithisa kunye neemeko ezimangalisayo ngelixa ukudibanisa ukuzinikela kunye nenzondelelo.
Oko kwathiwa, azikho zonke iindaba ezimbi. Kunye nokuthandabuza kuza nenkxalabo evuswe kwakhona malunga nemeko yokomoya yomntu kunye nempilo yeplanethi. Uluvo lokuba โucwangciso olunengqiqoโ lubonelela ngazo zonke iimpendulo alusakholeleki, luhamba neengcinga ezinjengokuthi โokukhulu kungconoโ kwaye indalo ibubutyebi nje obunokoyiswa nokuxhatshazwa.
Kwezoqoqosho, indlela engqongqo kwimveliso eyaziwa ngokuba yiFordism, ebizwa ngokuba yindoda ethe yasizisela umgca wendibano kunye nemveliso yobuninzi kusetyenziswa iinxalenye eziguquguqukayo, iye yanikezela kwindlela eguquguqukayo ngakumbi, inkqubo ye-eclectic egxininisa ukutsha kunye noxinzelelo lwasemva koshishino lwexesha kunye noxinzelelo. indawo. Umbono wokuba amaqumrhu kunye noqoqosho lwehlabathi zizinto nje eziyinxalenye yesixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa ziya zisanda. Njengakuninzi lwenkqubela phambili yangoku, nangona kunjalo, kukho umda ophindwe kabini. Ubunjineli boqoqosho kunye nomsebenzi kunokukhokelela kumashishini amaninzi angabasebenzi, imvakalelo ehlaziyiweyo yoxanduva loluntu kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo, kunye nezizathu ezichasene nolawulo lweshishini. Kodwa inokuthi ngaxeshanye inyuse ukungazinzi, ijike abantu abaninzi babe ngabasebenzi abanokubakho.
Ethetha ngeziphumo, owayesakuba ngumgqatswa kamongameli u-Eugene McCarthy wakhe waphawula ukuba i-post-modernism ithanda "ingqiqo engaqondakaliyo" kunye nezimvo ezizimeleyo kwiingxoxo ezinengqiqo kunye nokucinga okucacileyo. Aluqondi ukuba akukho ngqiqweni, amaqondo nje kunye nezimo zengqondo ezilahlwayo. Waqukumbela ngelithi: โLe ngxaki ayiqinisekisi kwaphela, njengoko inokusikhokelela kwimeko โyokungakhathali,โ oko kukuthi, ukungakhethi buso, isiphithiphithi nokuphazamiseka, kungekho siseko sincinane sokuba nethemba ngoko kunokuphumela kuso.โ
UGreg Guma ngumbhali, umhleli, kunye nowayesakuba yi-CEO yePacifica Radio Network. Iincwadi zakhe ziquka IRiphabhlikhi yaBantu: iVermont kunye neSanders Revolution, uBukhosi obungakhululekanga: Uxinzelelo, umanyano lwehlabathi, kunye nento esinokuyenza, kwaye IPasipoti eya eNkululekweni: Isikhokelo saBemi beHlabathi. Ubhala malunga neendaba kunye nezopolitiko kwiblogi yakhe, iMaverick Media (http://muckraker-gg.blogspot.com).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela