Ethetha kwinkomfa yeendaba ngexesha lohambo lwakutsha nje ukuya
Ngokutsho kukaThad Cochran, uSenator we-GOP ovela
Lorne Craner, umncedisi womgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle ongekho sikweni kuMcCain othathe inxaxheba kuhambo lokuya
Ngelixa umncedisi kaMcCain enokuthi athethe inyani, uCraner akanguye umthombo wolwazi ongakhethi cala: ukongeza kubudlelwane bakhe nephulo likaMcCain, ukwangumongameli weInternational Republican Institute, umbutho wabucala onomthunzi othe wahlakulela amakhonkco kwiphulo leMcCain. inkcaso yasekunene kwi
Iakhawunti kaCochran
Izimvo zikaCraner kunye noMcCain azihambelani nengxelo kaCochran eneenkcukacha malunga nesi siganeko. "UMcCain wayephantsi ekupheleni kwetafile kwaye sasithetha nentloko yeqela labanqolobi apha ekupheleni kwetafile kwaye andazi ukuba yintoni eyatsala ingqalelo yam," utshilo uCochran kudliwanondlebe no. I-Sun Herald in
UCochran waqhubeka nebali lakhe elicaphukisayo: “Andazi ukuba wayemxelela ntoni [uMcCain] kodwa ndacinga, ‘Intlungu, wonke umntu olapha unemipu yaye besilapho kuthumo lozakuzo. yenzekile ukuba imcaphukise uJohn, kodwa ngokucacileyo wayicaphukela loo mfo… UCochran uthe akukho manqindi aphoswayo kwaye bobabini bahlala phantsi. Indoda, ebonakale iphazamisekile emva kokungqubana noMcCain, yayililungu le-Ortega kodwa uCochran wathi akaqinisekanga ngesazisi sakhe.
Nangona uCochran esaziwa njengendoda egqibeleleyo, xa ethetha ngoMcCain uSenator waseMississippi akacaphuki nawaphi na amagama. Ingcinga yokuba uMcCain abe ngumongameli, uCochran uthe, "ithumela ukugodola phantsi komnqonqo wam. Uyaphazama. Ushushu. Uyacaphuka kwaye uyandikhathaza.”
Ngelixa kungacacanga ukuba uCochran uthetha inyani malunga nokungcungcuthekiswa kukaMcCain kwigosa laseSandinista-aba babini bowiso-mthetho baye bachitha iminyaka ngenxa yeeprojekthi zezilwanyana ezifuywayo okanye "iindlebe" ezifakwe ngamalungu ekomiti kumatyala enkcitho-ayiyokumangalisa ukuba izityholo. zaziyinyani.
Kuyo yonke iminyaka yoo-1980, uMcCain wayengomnye wabaxhasi abanamandla beContras, abavukeli baseNicaragua abathe balwa imfazwe ende yemfazwe kurhulumente wasekhohlo waseSandinista e.
Badume Ngenkohlakalo Yabo
Ngowe-1979, amaSandinista abhukuqa
Kwincwadi yakhe Ukubulala Ithemba, uWilliam Blum ubhala athi, “Inkohlakalo yee-contras yabenza baduma kakubi.” Abavukeli baseNicaragua bahlala beyitshabalalisa imiqondiso yeenkqubo zentlalo zamaSandinista kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni: amaziko ezempilo, izikolo, ookopolotyeni bezolimo namaziko oluntu. Abantu abamsulwa ababebanjwe kuhlaselo babedla ngokungcungcuthekiswa baze babulawe ngeyona ndlela imasikizi.
Omnye osindileyo owathetha naye Guardian of
Ukuxoxa ngeBoland
Iingxelo ezinjalo zazingenankxalabo encinci kuMmeli weNdlu wamaxesha amabini ovela kwilizwe lase
Ukususela ekuqaleni kolawulo lweReagan, iCongress kunye noMongameli baye balwa idabi elide malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo weContra. Nangona iCongress yayixhase ngemali i-Contras ukusuka kwi-1981 ukuya kwi-1983, abezomthetho baye bakhula ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba i-CIA iqalise ukumbamba amazibuko aseNicaragua. Ixhalabele ukuba uhlaselo olunjalo oluncediswa yi-US lunokubangela isiganeko samazwe ngamazwe kunye neSoviets, iCongress yadlulisela isilungiso sokuqala saseBoland ngoDisemba 1982.
Xa amalungiselelo e-Boland ayeza kuvotwa ngehlobo lika-1985, u-Dick Cheney, ngoko owayenguMmeli ovela e-Wyoming, walubiza ulwimi lwase-Boland ngokuthi “sisilungiso esibulalayo” ukuba sincanyathiselwe kwisicwangciso soncedo lwe-Contra. owathi, “Esi sihlomelo kukufa kukopha. Ingxoxo kumgangatho weNkongolo yaba nomsindo, amalungu e-GOP etyhola iiDemokhrasi “ngokuthamba kubukomanisi.”
Ekugqibeleni, iNdlu ivotele ukuphelisa izithintelo zaseBoland kunye nokuxhasa ngemali ngqo uncedo lolungiselelo kwiContras. Umthetho, owala ukuhlaziya ukuvalwa kokusetyenziswa
Ukusuka kuMmeli weNdlu ukuya kwiSenator
Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kuka-1986 iCongress yaqhubeka ixoxa ngobubanzi be-Contra aid kunye noMcCain ongomnye wamadoda abalulekileyo kubavukeli baseNicaragua. Ngo-Matshi, iNdlu yalahla isicelo sikaReagan sokuthumela i-100 yezigidi zeedola ekuncedeni i-Contras. Ngelo xesha, uMcCain wayibiza ngokuba “sisithintelo esinzulu.”
Kwinyanga elandelayo, uninzi lweDemokhrasi yePhaneli yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle yacela uReagan ukuba aphendule ngezigidi zeedola zoncedo olungabulali oluthunyelwe kwiContras kunyaka ophelileyo. Ubalo-mali olunjalo lwaluyimfuneko, utshilo uDemokhrasi, kuba iimali zanyamalala emva kokufakwa kwibhanki yaseMiami. Ummeli waseCalifornia uLeon Panetta ucacisile, "Akukho ndlela yokwazi ukuba le mali yeza nemali evela kweminye imithombo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba imali yethu yoncedo ibinokusetyenziselwa ukuthenga imipu kunye neembumbulu endaweni yamayeza kunye nempahla."
Kodwa i-GOP yaphikisa ukuba ukusasazwa esidlangalaleni malunga nendlela esetyenziswe ngayo imali kuya kuhlazisa iHonduras, ummelwane waseNicaragua kunye nelizwe apho iContras yayizinze khona. “Siqhuba iphulo apho amazwe asebenzisana nathi esicele ukuba sithule kangangoko,” utshilo uMcCain. “Urhulumente waseHonduras ufuna ukubhengezwa okuncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kum kubonakala ngathi sifuna ukubakhusela ekubeni bachongwe njengesixhobo sokuhambisa iContras, nokuba le yinto eyaziwayo. ”
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, i-Contra booster McCain waqhubeka nokunyuka kwakhe kwezopolitiko, ephumelela isihlalo sase-Arizona Senate esishiywe nguBarry Goldwater. Nangona kunjalo, kunyulo lwangoNovemba iiDemokhrasi zaphumelela ulawulo olupheleleyo lweSenethi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, uReagan wajongana negridi engaphezulu kunye nempikiswano ngomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe weContra eNicaragua.
Ukongeza kwinkxalabo kamongameli yayikukugqabhuka kwehlazo le-Iran-Contra ngo-Okthobha noNovemba 1986. Njengomphumo webali elaqhutywa kwiphephandaba laseLebhanon, abaphathi banyanzelwa ukuba bavume ukuba i-White House yayiyijikelezile iCongress ngokubonelela ngoncedo lomkhosi. i-Contras ukusuka ku-1984 ukuya ku-1986, ngaloo ndlela inika i-Boland indawo yokuphumla. Ukugcina i-Contras iphila, uReagan waxhobisa i-Iran ngokuchasene nomgaqo-nkqubo ochaziweyo wase-US kunye nokwaphulwa kokulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo ngaphandle. Emva koko, abalawuli bathumela enye yemali evela kwintengiso yezixhobo zaseIran kwiContras.
Ngenxa yehlazo, amagosa eReagan abandakanyeka kwimigudu edibeneyo yokukhohlisa iCongress kunye noluntu malunga nolwazi lwabo kunye nenkxaso yemisebenzi. Amagosa aphezulu aqhubeka nale nzame yokugubha ngamatye kulo lonke ixesha leengxoxo zeCongressional, eziye zahlala ukususela ekupheleni kwe-1986 ukuya kwihlobo le-1987.
USenator McCain kunye neContra Dilemma
I-Iran-Contra scandal yayithetha ukuba xa uMcCain engena kwi-Senate ngo-1987, i-GOP yayinokuphazamiseka kwezopolitiko malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni wase-US kuMbindi Melika. Inkokeli yaseRiphabhlikhi yaseRiphabhlikhi uRobert Michel uthe ukwalusa ngempumelelo isicelo esilindelweyo sikaMongameli uReagan sokongeza i-105 yezigidi zeedola kwi-Contra aid ngeNdlu iya kuba "ngumqolo onzima wokukhuba" ngenxa yehlazo lezikhali zase-Iran, ukwanda kwesininzi seDemokhrasi, iingxelo zabantu. Ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo, kunye nokungavisisani phakathi kweenkokeli zeContra.
Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, uMongameli waseCosta Rica u-Oscar Arias wayesenza inkqubela phambili ngesicwangciso soxolo saseMbindi waseMelika esacebisa ukuba kupheliswe imfazwe eNicaragua, eya kulandelwa luthethwano phakathi kwamaSandinistas kunye namaqela ayo aphikisayo asekhaya malunga namalungelo kunye nenkululeko yezopolitiko. Ngaphantsi kwesicwangciso se-Arias, iinkokeli zeContra aziyi kubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, uReagan wayecaphukile malunga nesi siphakamiso.
Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokoyika ukuhla kwenkxaso yezopolitiko, uMcCain wayekhathazekile kukuba abalawuli "kufuneka babonise ngokucacileyo ukuba ukubhukuqa emkhosini ayisiyiyo injongo yabo kuphela kwaye siya kuxhasa nayiphi na imisebenzi yozakuzo eya kuphumeza injongo efanayo." UMcCain, owayesakuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wamanzi ngexesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam, mhlawumbi waqonda ukuba ukuthumela amajoni aphantsi komhlaba aseMelika kuya kufumana inkxaso encinci yoluntu kwimeko yezopolitiko yangoku. Ngenxa yale meko, uMcCain wathi ekuphela kwendlela eyayinokusetyenziswa yiUnited States “kukuqinisa amandla ezoqoqosho nawomkhosi abamelwane [beNicaragua].”
UMcCain ulungiselela ukuhamba ukuya eNicaragua
Ngesiphakamiso se-Arias ngoku sifumana amandla kunye neenkokheli ezahlukeneyo zoMbindi waseMelika zityikitya kwisivumelwano soxolo sengingqi, i-GOP ishiywe kwingxaki encinci. Inkokeli yeSenate yeRiphabhlikhi uBob Dole uphawule ukuba nasiphi na isicwangciso soxolo saseMbindi Melika kufuneka sibandakanye isibhambathiso sokuba iUnited States ayizukuyilahla iContras. Abavukeli, uDole uthe, kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kuzo naziphi na iingxoxo neNicaragua malunga nekamva lorhulumente welo lizwe.
Ezama ukugcina uxinzelelo eManagua, uDole wongezelela ukuba yena noMcCain baza kuya eHonduras ukuya kutyelela iinkampu zeembacu baze badlulele eNicaragua ukuze badibane namaSandinista. UMcCain uza kuza nomncedisi wakhe omtsha wezomthetho, uLorne Craner. Abanye ooSenenja ababini bakhapha igqiza, uThad Cochran waseMississippi kunye noSteven Symms wase-Idaho.
UDole uye waphawula ukuba unethemba lokuba isicwangciso soxolo siya kubamba. Nangona kunjalo, i-Senator yaseKansas yongezelela "Ndiyathandabuza malunga namalungiselelo athile, ukushiywa okuthile, kwisicwangciso. Okwangoku, inkqubo yoxolo iya phambili kwaye asikho abadlali ngokwenene kuyo. Asikwazi nje ukushiya i-Contras. American Ukuthembeka akunakukwazi ukumelana nohambo olunye ukuhla kula ndlela inentlekele. Bona [i-Contras] kufuneka badlale indima yothethathethwano. Kufuneka babe yinxalenye yamalungiselelo okupheliswa kokudubula kunye nemisebenzi yezopolitiko yasemva kokupheliswa kwemfazwe ngaphakathi eNicaragua. AmaSandinista athe athethathethana kwaphela kukuba sigcine ubushushu buvutha, ngoncedo lweContras…Asinakuyeka konke okusemandleni ethu, njengokuba iingxoxo ezibalulekileyo ziqala.”
“Ukugcina ubushushu buqhubeka” ngokuqinisekileyo yayiyenye yeendlela zokulichaza ngokucacileyo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1987 iiContras zayandisa imfazwe yazo ephantsi yokulalela, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokuhlaselwa kweefama zikarhulumente kulo lonke elaseNicaragua. Ngaphezu koko, ngaphambi nje kohambo lweSenators oluya kuMbindi Merika, i-Contras yadubula inqwelo-moya yaseSandinista kunye nomjukujelwa we-Red Eye waseMelika. Olu hlaselo lwabulala amajoni alishumi elinanye kwangxwelerha abalithoba. Kwesinye isiganeko esenzeka kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-20 kumzantsi-ntshona wohlaselo lwe-helicopter, i-Contras yahlasela i-jeep yomkhosi, yabulala umkhosi omkhulu we-Sandinista kunye nomphathi.
Uhlaselo, olwasondela emva kwecebo lika-Arias, lwawacaphukisa amaSandinista. Inene, iContra push yeza kanye xa urhulumente waseNicaragua kunye neenkokheli eziphikisayo zazilungele ukuqalisa iingxoxo malunga nokuphunyezwa kwesivumelwano soxolo. Esi sivumelwano sifuna ukuba kupheliswe imfazwe kwisithuba seenyanga ezimbini.
“Oku kububungqina obungenakuphikiswa bokuba yiUnited States efuna ngokwenene ukwala inkqubo yoxolo kuMbindi Merika,” iphephandaba laseburhulumenteni elisemthethweni. Uthango watsho. “Ezi zenzo zobugrogrisi zibangelwa yintetho yemfazwe (uMongameli) uReagan nezithethi zakhe, abaye bavakalisa umnqweno wabo wokuba . . . ukutshabalalisa le mvukelo nemigudu ephazamisayo yoxolo,” longezelela eli phephandaba.
AbakwaSandinista babenezinye izizathu zokuluthandabuza uhambo lukaDole-McCain. Njengomgaqo-nkqubo "we-inshurensi" ukuba onke amacala afuna ukuphelisa imfazwe, u-Dole uthe uya kuxhasa ukunqunyulwa koncedo lomkhosi kwi-Contras ukuba nje inkxaso-mali eqhubekayo "yobuntu" igcinwe. Kodwa umongameli uyakuba negunya lokuphinda ayiqalise ngaphandle kokuba iCongress iyala [okanye] ukuba amaSandinista azama ukuthatha ithuba lomkhosi ngexesha lothethathethwano okanye lokuphelisa umlilo,” wongeze watsho uDole.
Kunye neContras eHonduras
Injongo kaDole noMcCain ekuhambeni ukuya kuMbindi Melika yayikukuvavanya ukuzibophelela kuka-Ortega kwisicwangciso soxolo esandula kusayinwa nguMongameli waseNicaragua kunye neenkokeli zase-El Salvador, eGuatemala, eHonduras naseCosta Rica kwisixeko saseGuatemala. Esi sicwangciso sifuna ukuba kuyekwe imilo ngaxeshanye kwimvukelo yalo mmandla, uxolelo kubo bonke abavukeli, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwenkululeko yoluntu eNicaragua.
EHonduras igqiza lase-US ladibana noMongameli uJosé Azcona Hoyo, ihlakani eliphambili laseU.S. Ukususela oko baqalisa ukulwa namaSandinista ngowe-1982, iContras yayizigcinile iinkampu zaseHonduras ezazihlala amajoni amalunga nama-6,000 1,200. Ngaphezu koko, malunga ne-XNUMX yamajoni ase-US ayemi kwi-Palerola Air Base. Amawakawaka amanye amajoni ase-US, kubandakanywa nabalindi belizwe, bebeqhuba imikhosi yomkhosi kunye nemikhosi yaseHonduran minyaka le.
UMcCain, uDole kunye noSymms baye kwinkampu yeContra kufutshane nomda weNicaragua, indlela ethambileyo yozakuzo ukusukela oko iHonduras yayingazange ibuvume ngokusemthethweni ubukho besi siza. Ngelinge lokunika urhulumente waseHonduras igquba lezopolitiko olu hambo aluzange lubhengezwe nokubhengezwa. UDole wayefuna ukuba lonke iqela libhabhe ngehelikopta ukuya kwisiseko se-contra-base, kodwa kwafuneka azishiye ezo zicwangciso kuba i-ambassy yase-US kunye namagosa aseHonduran ayengayithandi loo nto yokuvuma ubukho babavukeli.
Ingxaki yeSenators yayikukuba amanyathelo ozakuzo ngoku asongela ukubeka ubukho beenkampu emngciphekweni. Phantsi kwesicwangciso soxolo soMbindi Merika esatyikitywa eGuatemala, iinkokeli zengingqi zavuma ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yazo ngabavukeli abafuna ukubhukuqa abanye oorhulumente.
Amanyathelo anjalo afaka uDole kunye noogxa bakhe kwiSenate. Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili yezozakuzo yamva nje, uSenator waseKansas uvakalise ukuba iUnited States ayizukuyishiya iContras. “Sifuna ukuba kubekho indawo yedemokhrasi eNicaragua, kodwa ukufezekisa loo njongo kubalulekile ukuba iUnited States icinezele amaSandinistas,” utshilo. UDole ukwakhathazekile kukuba isicwangciso soxolo asijonganga “izinto ezibalulekileyo zase-US.”
UMcCain ngokwakhe uye waphawula ukuba kuya kuba ncinane ingxaki yokuphelisa iinkampu phantsi kwesivumelwano soxolo. Nangona kunjalo, uSenator omtsha waseArizona uzishiyele indawo efanelekileyo. I-United States, wathi, iya kuxhasa kuphela ukuvalwa kwenkampu ukuba iNicaragua isigcinile isithembiso sayo sokuba nedemokhrasi ngakumbi.
Ukuphelisa ngakumbi umfanekiso wakhe njengomenzi woxolo, uMcCain waya kumda waseNicaragua ngeenzame zokuhlanganisa iContras. Akuba efikile enkampini, yena nabanye baqalisa ukrwada malunga namaSandinista. "Bangaphi apha abafuna inkululeko kunye nedemokhrasi?" UDole wabuza eso sihlwele. Ngaba kukho nabani na onokholo ku-Ortega okanye kwiSandinistas yamakomanisi? Akumangalisi ukuba abaphulaphuli bavume ngamxhelo-mnye besithi “hayi”.
Cochran okanye uSorzano: Ngubani oLungileyo?
Ukufika eManagua, uMcCain kunye nabanye badibana no-Ortega. UMcCain wayengafane abe ngunozakuzaku. Ngokutsho kwe ENew York Times, njengoko intlanganiso yaqala i-Arizona Senator yatshela u-Ortega ukuba ngelixa e-Honduras wadibana nomphathi we-Contra wezempi u-Enrique Bermúdez. “UColonel Bermudez usithumelela umoya wakhe omhle,” uMcCain uxelele uOrtega.
Ingxelo yeThe Times ayikhange ichaze enoba uMcCain wathetha ngelizwi elinzulu okanye elingcikivayo kusini na. Noko ke, kunokuthiwa izimvo zeSenator yase-Arizona zazingenaluvelwano kwaye kwezona zinto zixhokonxayo. “UColonel Bermúdez noRonald Reagan mabayeke ukubulala abantwana baseNicaragua,” uphendule watsho uOrtega.
Njengoko intlanganiso yayingaqali kakuhle, ukudibana kwanda ngakumbi. Ngokweengxelo zeendaba, uDole wayehleli ecaleni kwe-Ortega ngexesha lentlanganiso. Kwelinye icala letafile kuhleli uMcCain. Ngexesha elithile, uCochran utyhola ukuba uSenator wase-Arizona wabamba igosa laseSandinista waza wamphakamisa ngekhola. Umoya wawuxinene, utshilo uCochran, njengoko iUnited States yayicinezela “kakhulu.”
Kodwa uJosé Sorzano ubhala ngenkumbulo eyahlukileyo yeziganeko kwinqaku elinesihloko esithi "UMcCain Akazange Ahlasele iSandinista" kwimagazini ephiko lasekunene. Iziganeko zoLuntu. USorzano, owayenguMlawuli oMkhulu weLatin America kwiBhunga leSizwe loKhuseleko laseReagan, uthi wayekhapha iSenators ukuya eManagua ngokwindla ka-1987.
"Umzuzu kaMcCain wafika xa uDole egqibile ukuthetha kunye no-Ortega waphendula," kubhala igosa le-Arhente yeSizwe yoKhuseleko. “ISandinista [uOrtega] yathi, ‘Senathi, kwilizwe lethu sinentetho ethi xa kufuneka umntu ethethathethane, umntu uhlala nomnini wesekisi kungekhona nabahlekisi. IiContras ngoosomahlaya kwaye iU.S. ingumnini wesekisi yiyo loo nto sifuna ukuthethathethana nani hayi nabo.’
“Ngelo xesha, uSen. McCain watsiba esitulweni sakhe waqalisa ukulishiya igumbi. U-Ortega wambuza apho wayeya khona kwaye uMcCain waphendula wathi: 'Andizange ndive loo nto ngaphambili, kodwa ndiyifumana ilumke kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto ndithatha inqwelo-moya yokuqala ukuya eHavana ukuya kuthethathethana noCastro kuba inguye umnini wale sekisi yaye nina ningamaqhula.’”
Ingxelo kaSorzano ihlabela mgama isithi: “Yayikukuthetha ngomlomo, kungekhona okoqobo. Kwaye, ngokwembono yam, yayiyi-rhetorical home run. Kwakungekho ukunxibelelana ngokwasemzimbeni phakathi kukaMcCain kunye nawo nawaphi na amaSandinista awayekho.”
I-akhawunti kaSorzano inika i-counterpoint enomdla kwinkumbulo kaCochran. Ngaba uSenator waseMississippi ebephazama? Ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka nangona kwakhona iSorzano ayinakuthathwa njengomdlali ongathathi hlangothi. Umntu waseCuba waseMelika kunye nowayesakuba nguMongameli wephiko lasekunene iCuban-American National Foundation, kamva waya kusebenza njengeSekela likaMmeli waseMelika kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo phantsi kukaJeane Kirkpatrick ngaphambi kokujoyina iBhunga leSizwe loKhuseleko.
Ekubeni uCochran wathetha ne Sun Herald, uSenator waseMississippi uye waqaphela ngakumbi kwiingxelo zakhe zoluntu malunga noMcCain. Ekuqaleni kwephulo likamongameli uCochran wavuma uMitt Romney, esithi irhuluneli yaseMassachusetts "inamava, umbono kunye nemilinganiselo efunekayo ukomeleza ilizwe lethu kwizizukulwana ezizayo." Kodwa emva kokuphoxeka malunga noMcCain equmbisa iSandinista Cochran wathi uya kumxhasa uSenator wase-Arizona, osele waba “nenqanaba eliphezulu” ngakumbi.
Isithethi sikaCochran uMargaret McPhillips ukhuphe ingxelo efundeka ngolu hlobo, “...nangona uSen. Nangona uSen. Cochran esibonile esi siganeko akuchazele sona, sekudlule amashumi eminyaka ukususela ngoko kwaye wayefuna ukugxininisa ukuba kule minyaka idlulileyo uye wabona uSen. ."
Ekupheleni kosuku ke sishiywe ngeenguqulelo ezimbini ezihluke kakhulu zeziganeko, kwelinye icala i-akhawunti ye-Craner kunye ne-Sorzano, exhasa amabango kaMcCain, kunye nelinye ibali likaCochran. Azikho ezinye iintatheli ezazikhona kule ndibano ziye zaphawula ngale mpikiswano, okanye no-Ortega ngokwakhe.
Ngandlel’ ithile kuya kubonakala kusengqiqweni ukuba inkokeli yamaSandinista, esandul’ ukunyulwa kwakhona njengoMongameli waseNicaragua, inokufuna ukugxininisa ibali likaCochran ukuba ngokwenene ubone into engaqhelekanga ngolo suku. Ngokubiza uMcCain njengongazinzanga, u-Ortega unokuchaphazela ugqatso lukamongameli wase-US. U-Ortega unomdla oqinisekileyo wokuqinisekisa uloyiso lweDemokhrasi, kuba u-Obama akanakukwazi ukuphishekela idiplomacy yeBig Stick eLatin America kunoMcCain.
Enye indlela enokuthi icombululeke ngayo le mpikiswano kukuba igosa elingaqondakaliyo leSandinista ekutyholwa ukuba lihlaselwe nguMcCain ukuba lize ngaphambili. Noko ke, ukuba iSandinista isaphila, ayikhange ithethe esidlangalaleni ngalo mbandela.
Nangona kunjalo, kwavela ukuba uDole, ngelo xesha wayefuna ukuqinisa iziqinisekiso zakhe zokhuseleko lwesizwe, wayenefilimu yabasebenzi bekhamera yeRiphabhlikhi kuwo wonke umsitho. Akukacaci ukuba ifilimu isekhona na, okanye nokuba ikhamera yathatha into ebisenzeka ngapha kwetafile apho uMcCain wayehleli khona. Iya kuba yinto ehlekisayo, kwaye oko kuyibeka ngobulali, ukuba ifilimu, ekuqaleni yayijonge ukuxhasa amathuba okuba ngumongameli weRiphabhlikhi ngo-1988, ekugqibeleni yonakalisa iminqweno kamongameli kaMcCain ngo-2008.
U-Nikolas Kozloff, umncedisi wophando ophezulu we-NACLA, ungumbhali we Revolution! UMzantsi Melika kunye nokuPhakamisa kweNtsha eKhohlo (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2008).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela