“Ndibona kwikamva elingekude liseza ingxubakaxaka endothusayo kwaye indenze ndingcangcazele ngenxa yokhuseleko lwelizwe lam. . . . amaqumrhu abekwe etroneni kwaye kuya kulandela ixesha lorhwaphilizo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kwaye amandla emali yelizwe aya kuzama ukwandisa ixesha lokulawula kwawo ngokusebenzela ucalucalulo lwabantu de bonke ubutyebi budityaniswe ezandleni ezimbalwa kwaye iRiphablikhi itshatyalaliswe. .”
—UMongameli waseUnited States uAbraham Lincoln, ngoNovemba 21, 1864
(ileta eya kuCol. William F. Elkins)
Amandla amangalisayo kunye nesenzo esihle somdlalo bhanyabhanya othi "Lincoln" uvelise amagqabantshintshi, ukugxeka kunye namanqaku malunga nelo xesha lembali yethu. Kodwa ndibone ukuba akukho mntu ukhankanyayo, ngakumbi ukuphonononga, inyaniso engathandekiyo, kwabanye, ukuba u-Abraham Lincoln wonyulwa njengomgqatswa kaMongameli wento eza kubonwa namhlanje njengeqela lesithathu.
Kwakungekho Party yeRiphabliki eUnited States de kwangowe-1854. Ngelo xesha amaqela amabini awayelawula yayiziiDemocrats neeWhigs.
Iqela lesithathu leRiphabhlikhi alizange liphume esibhakabhakeni. Imvelaphi yawo ibuyela emva kwi-anti-slavery Liberty Party eyasekwa ngo-1840, yalandelwa yi-Free Soil Party ngo-1848 emva koko ngamaRiphabhlikhi kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva. Eyona nto yayifana ngayo yonke into yayikukuchasa kwawo ukwanda kobukhoboka njengoko uhlanga lwalukhula.
Ngolonyulo luka-1860, njengokuba umba wobukhoboka waba ngumba olawulayo, nowahlukanisa kakhulu, owawujongene nelizwe, iQela le-Whig Party, eyahlukana ngokunzulu kumbandela wobukhoboka kwiminyaka yoo-1850, yayingasekho. Kolo lonyulo uLincoln waphumelela ngobuninzi bevoti ethandwayo, i-39.8%. Umgqatswa weDemokhrasi ufumene i-29.5% yevoti, umgqatswa we-Southern Democrats (ukwahlulwe kwi-Democrats) wafumana i-18.1% kwaye umgqatswa weManyano yoMgaqo-siseko wafumana i-12.6%.
Kwiminyaka emine kamva, kunye namazwe asemazantsi emanyano engathathi nxaxheba, uLincoln woyisa umceli-mngeni wakhe ekuphela kwakhe, uGeorge McClellan weDemocratic Party, 55-45%.
Ngaba le mbali, izotywe ngokufutshane ngasentla, inazo nakuphi na ukunxulumana nemeko yethu namhlanje?
Enye indlela enokubakho ngayo kukuxabisa ukuba iQela leRiphabhlikhi elathi ekugqibeleni lanyula uLincoln laba khona. Yadalwa ngenxa yezithethe ezininzi, njengoko ziqondwa namhlanje, “amaqela esithathu,” amaqela eNkululeko kunye noMhlaba waMahala. Elona voti liphezulu likaMongameli kwiLiberty Party laliyi-2.3%, ngo-1844. Elona voti liphezulu likaMongameli lilonke kwiFree Soil Party laliyi-10% ngo-1848. Kwiminyaka emine kamva, ngo-1852, lehla laya kutsho kwi-5%. Phambi konyulo lukaMongameli olulandelayo, iQela leRiphabhlikhi labakho.
Elona voti liphezulu kuye nawuphi na umgqatswa weqela lesithathu eKhohlo ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950 yaba yi-2.8% yevoti eyaphunyezwa nguRalph Nader kumgca weGreen Party ngo-2000. Ukususela ngoko, nangona kunjalo, ngokwahlukileyo koko kwenzekayo kwinkulungwane enesiqingatha. eyadlulayo, abagqatswa boMongameli beQela loHlaza abafumananga ngaphezulu kwe-0.5% yevoti.
Ngokucacileyo, amandla emali yenkampani phezu kwenkqubo yethu yonyulo yale mihla, kubandakanywa nosasazo oluninzi, kunye nemithetho ethintelayo yokufikelela kuvoto kunye nezinye izithintelo zendlela, zinento yokwenza nobuthathaka beGreens kunye nezinye iinzame zeqela lesithathu elinenkqubela. Kodwa kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba akukhange kubekho mcimbi mkhulu, uthatha yonke into yokuba inkqubo ekhoyo yamaqela amabini ayikwazi ukwenza inkqubela ekusombululeni.
Ubukhoboka babungumbandela onjalo ngeminyaka yee-1840 neyee-50. Yayingumbandela omkhulu, obalulekileyo, yaye ubume bezobupolitika beli lizwe lisencinane bekunzima kakhulu ukujamelana nalo. Isigqibo sokugqibela, ukupheliswa kwayo, kwafezwa kuphela ngenxa yemfazwe yamakhaya eyonakalisayo nenegazi, emva kokuqhekeka kwenkqubo yezopolitiko ibe ngamaqela amane kunyulo lwe-1860 olwavumela uLincoln ukuba aphumelele.
Kubonakala kum ukuba sinomcimbi, okanye imiba edibeneyo, efana nobukhoboka: ingxaki yemozulu, okanye ukudibanisa loo ngxaki kunye nengxaki yezoqoqosho kunye nokungalingani. Ngenxa yolawulo lweenkampani zamafutha efosili phezu komgaqo-nkqubo wamandla kunye nolawulo lwe-corporatocracy, apho iinkampani zeoyile negesi zinamandla kakhulu, kuwo omabini amaqela ezopolitiko, kunzima kakhulu ukubona ukuba thina, abantu siya kuba nalo naliphi na ithuba lokusombulula ezi ngxaki. Iingxaki ezinzulu, ezicwangcisiweyo ngaphandle kwemibutho yezopolitiko entsha, edlamkileyo, emanyeneyo neyomeleleyo ecela umngeni kumandla oshishino ngokuthe ngqo.
Oku akuthethi ukuba iqela lezopolitiko ngalinye. Ngenxa yemiqobo yesakhiwo kwindlela yamaqela angengawo amaqumrhu, ndiqhubeleka ndikholelwa ukuba into efunekayo ayiloqela elilolunye, njengeqela kodwa elibhetyebhetye ngakumbi, umbutho wonyulo odibanisa abaxhasi bamaqela angengawo amacandelo kunye nabo baxhasayo. iidemokhrasi ezinenkqubela ngokwenyani, kwaye mhlawumbi namaRiphabhlikhi. Singamanyana emva kweqonga elibeke phambili inguqu ekhawulezileyo ukusuka kwi-oyile, amalahle kunye negesi ukuya kumandla ahlaziyekayo, ulondolozo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, inguqu enobulungisa kwabo basebenza ngoku kumashishini efosili kunye namashishini emfazwe, inyathelo lokuqinisekisa imisebenzi kunye nengeniso efanelekileyo. kwabo bebevaleleke ngaphandle kwabo ngokwembali, kunye nesivumelwano esitsha esiluhlaza esidala izigidi kunye nezigidi zemisebenzi eluncedo eluntwini, ebalulekileyo nekhulisa uxolo.
ULincoln, kwileta yakhe kaNovemba 1864, wayelungile. Selide kakhulu ixesha, ngethemba lokuba asikashiywa lixesha, masiwugcine umhlaba uphila ngokuphumelela umzabalazo wedemokhrasi namalungelo oluntu awawalwelayo ngexesha lobomi bakhe.
UTed Glick ube litshantliziyo eliqhubela phambili nomququzeleli ukusukela ngo-1968 kwaye engumququzeleli wemozulu ukusukela ngo-2004. http://tedglick.com, kwaye unokulandelwa kwi-twitter kwi http://twitter.com/jtglick.
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Nikela