UJanuwari 1 yayisisikhumbuzo sokubonakala esidlangalaleni kwe-EZLN, i-Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, ngowe-1994. Ukususela ngenj’ ixukuxa ngoDisemba 31, 2012, kwafika amawakawaka eentsapho ephethe ukutya, iingubo nezinto eziyimfuneko kwidolophu “eCaracol. ” de Oventic, emalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka eSan Cristóbal de las Casas, kwiphondo laseMexico iChiapas. EOventic, apho kukho iBhunga loLawulo oluLungileyo laseZapatista, amawakawaka aye abhiyozela iminyaka eli-19 yomzabalazo nenkcaso ebudeni bomnyhadala wezobupolitika nenkcubeko owaqhubeka kwada kwasa. Kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi koko, i-EZLN yapapasha a i-communiqué echaza amanyathelo ayo alandelayo, emva kwendibano enkulu yakutshanje nge-21 kaDisemba.
Oko iZapatistas iphumelele eChiapas yayinokufezekiswa kuphela ngesidima, intlangano kunye nokuziphatha. Ngomhla amaMayans axela kwangaphambili ukuphela komjikelo wekhalenda kunye nokuqala komnye, ubuncinci abangama-50,000 baseMayan Zapatistas baphuma kwiindawo zabo ezizimeleyo ukuze bamatsha bethe cwaka kwizixeko ezihlanu zaseChiapas: iOcosingo, iPalenque, iAltamirano, iLas Margaritas neSan Cristóbal. de las Casas.
Esi senzo sesona senzo sikhulu kakhulu esingenabugorha kwimbali yombutho waseZapatista, bukhulu ngakumbi kunomashi ngoMeyi ophelileyo xa amalungu e-45,000 ephuma exhasa iMovement for Peace with Justice and Dignity, ekhokelwa ngumbongi uJavier Sicilia, efuna ukuba kupheliswe. imfazwe yeziyobisi. UMatshi wama-21 kaDisemba wabonisa umgangatho wokuziphatha nolungelelwaniso olungazange lubonwe ukususela kwimvukelo yokuqala yaseZapatista ngoJanuwari 1, 1994, xa amashumi amawaka amaZapatista axhobileyo athimba izixeko kulo lonke elaseChiapas, ebhengeza imfazwe kurhulumente wangoko owayengumongameli uCarlos Salinas de Gortari yaye ukwala ukuqinisekiswa kweSivumelwano soRhwebo oluKhululwa kuMntla Melika.
Lo Disemba udlulileyo ufike ngaphantsi kwenyanga emva kokumiselwa kukaMongameli u-Enrique Peña Nieto, onyulo lwakhe olunempikiswano. yazisa imiboniso emikhulu yimibutho eyahlukeneyo yasekuhlaleni, ebona umongameli omtsha njengenxalenye ye-oligarchy yemithombo yeendaba ekhohlakeleyo. Kulo mongo, isenzo - eyona nto inkulu yokuhlanganisa iZapatista kwiminyaka ephantse ibe ngamashumi amabini - ithwele umyalezo ocacileyo: Elinye ihlabathi esifuna ukulakha linokufezekiswa kuphela ngombutho, ukuqeqeshwa kunye nemigudu yokulungelelanisa imihla ngemihla.
Amashumi amawaka abantu baseMayans bomthonyama benze umngcelele bezolile. Ngaba oku yayikukuqalisa kwakhona kwamaZapatista? Ukuvela kwakhona? Akunjalo. Beza kuxelela abantu baseMexico nehlabathi ukuba abazange bahambe. Babelungiselele iminyaka engaphezu kwe-19 ukuba baphume “ebumnyameni” ngoJanuwari 1, 2013. Ukususela ngoko, abakhange bayeke ukusebenza, ukulungelelanisa nokutsala nzima. Oku sikubone nge-21 kaDisemba emehlweni olutsha oluhambahambayo olwazalelwa lwaza lwakhulela kumzabalazo waseZapatista kwaye ngoku luneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Sakubona kubafazi ababematsha neentsana zabo - ikamva lomzabalazo, isizathu sabo sokuqhubeka besilwa.
Ukulinda ilizwi
Ebudeni bemini, abakhi-mkhanya babelindele ukwaziswa kwidolophu nganye apho amaZapatista ayematsha khona. Nangona kunjalo, bahamba - ngocwangco, bengaxhobanga kwaye bezolile ngokupheleleyo - ngaphandle komyalezo ohamba nawo. I-Subcomandante Marcos, isithethi se-EZLN, wayengekho. Abo bahambayo bagquma ubuso babo ngeemaski zokutyibiliza ekhephini kwaye bephethe iflegi yaseZapatista: uxande olumnyama olunenkwenkwezi ebomvu embindini kunye noonobumba EZLN.
Akuzange ngaphambili ukuba isenzo seZapatista senze ulindelo olungaka lwe-communiqué, indlela eqhelekileyo yokunxibelelana nehlabathi langaphandle. Ngobusuku bangoNovemba 17, usuku olwaphawula iminyaka engama-29 ukususela ekusekweni kwe-EZLN ngowe-1983, kwavela isiluleko ngeSpanish kwiphepha lewebhu laseZapatista: “Kuza kungekudala, amazwi avela kwiKomiti YeNguqu Yabemi Bomthonyama YaseClandestine.” Kwisithuba esingangeveki, yanyamalala. Lo myalezo waphinda wapapashwa ngoDisemba 17, waza wanyamalala ngobo busuku. Kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kwesenzo, yaphinda yavela. Ukunikwa umva naphambili, abakhi-mkhanya babelindele ngomdla ilizwi elivela kumaZapatista. Into eyayingalindelwe mntu yayikukuba umhlathi wokuqala wengxelo uza kuza ngendlela yokumatsha okuthe cwaka.
Ekugqibeleni, ekupheleni kukaDisemba 21, uMarcos wakhupha i-communiqué ebhaliweyo, eyathatha uhlobo lombuzo, uqhanqalazo kunye nokulindela:
Uvile?
Sisandi sehlabathi lakho eliwohlokayo.
Sisandi sehlabathi lethu elibuyela umva.
Loo mini yayiyimini, yayibusuku.
Kwaye ubusuku buya kuba yimini eya kuba yimini.
Idemokhrasi!
Inkululeko!
Ubulungisa!
Ukusuka kwiiNtaba ezikuMzantsi-mpuma weMexico
KwiKomiti yeNguqulelo yeMveli yaseClandestine — Umyalelo Jikelele we-EZLN
I-Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos, Mexico, ngo-December 2012
Kwi-Intanethi, i-communiqué yavela kunye nekliphu yeaudio yengoma ethi "NjengeCicada." Iqanjwe nguMaría Elena Walsh ngo-1978 ngexesha lobuzwilakhe obukhohlakeleyo bomkhosi wase-Argentina, amazwi abonisa umzabalazo wedemokhrasi eArgentina kwaye asebenza njengomyalezo ofanayo kwisincoko sikaMarcos esifutshane kunye nesibongo.
Kangangezihlandlo ezininzi bandibulala, izihlandlo ezininzi kakhulu ndafa. Nokuba ndilapha, ndivusiwe. Ndiyalibulela ihlazo, nesandla esiqhwatyiweyo, kuba sindibulele ngenkohlakalo, kodwa ndaqhubeka ndicula.
Ukuculela ilanga njengecicada, emva konyaka uphantsi komhlaba, kanye njengosindayo obuyela ekhaya evela emfazweni.
Amaxesha amaninzi babendicima, amaxesha amaninzi ndinyamalele, ukuya kungcwatywa kwam ndedwa ndilila. Ndenze iqhina kwitshefu kodwa ndalibala emva koko ukuba yayingeloxesha lodwa, ndaqhubeka ndicula.
Amaxesha amaninzi bakubulala, amaxesha amaninzi uya kuvuswa, ubusuku obuninzi uyakubuchitha uzilahlile. Ngomzuzu wokusilela kunye nobumnyama, umntu uya kukuhlangula ukuba uqhubeke nokucula.
Iimpawu zomyalezo
Yintoni awayefuna ukuyithetha amaZapatista ngombuzo othi, “Uvile?,” owaba yioxymoron equka abantu abangama-50,000 21 ababematsha bengathethanga nelimdaka. Imatshi ezintlanu kuthe cwaka ngokupheleleyo, amazwi akwimo yombuzo namazwi kaWalsh athetha ngethemba lokubuya kwehlabathi elitsha—nganye isinika imikhondo esinceda siqonde iziganeko ezenzeka ngoDisemba XNUMX. Ngaloo mini, amadoda nabafazi bathi cwaka. ubukho yayisisikhumbuzo kunye nocelomngeni: Senza umsebenzi wethu ofanelekileyo - ngaba nawe? Ngelixa ihlabathi esilaziyo lidilika, iqela liyaqhubeka nokwakha enye into eyinyani "apho amazwe amaninzi anokulingana," njengoko uMarcos ebhale. Ezi Zapatistas zaseMayan, njengengoma echazayo, zizalwa kwakhona imihla ngemihla kwaye ziqhubeka zicula nangona iinzame zokuzibulala okanye zokucima. Baqhubeka beculela “ilanga, njengecicada emva konyaka ngaphantsi komhlaba, kanye njengomntu osindileyo obuyela ekhaya evela emfazweni.”
Isifundo kumbutho kunye nokuziphatha
Xa kuthelekiswa nemikhosi ephithizelayo maxa wambi eyenzeka kwizitrato zesiXeko saseMexico ngomhla woku-1 kuDisemba, mhla wamiselwa umongameli owayenempikiswano u-Enrique Peña Nieto, imingcelele ethe cwaka ye-EZLN ibalasele njengemizekelo yolungelelwano nesidima. Nangona kungafane kune imvula eChiapas ebudeni bexesha lasebusika, uDisemba 21 waqalisa waza waphela ngemvula engayekiyo, yaye isandi samathontsi emvula yaba kuphela kwengxolo eyayihambisana nolo hambo. Phezu kwayo nje imozulu, kwisixeko saseSan Cristóbal de las Casas kuphela ubuncinane abangama-20,000 baseZapatista bahamba ngaloo ntsasa—beqeqeshekile yaye belungelelene—besuka kwidolophu yaseSan Juan Chamula besiya kwiplaza esembindini wesixeko.
Malunga nentsimbi yesi-7:30 kusasa, iilori ezithwele iiMayan Zapatistas zafika eSan Juan Chamula. Begqume ubuso, babephethe ilaphu elimhlophe elinenombolo ethungelwe kwilaphu yaye babhinqe iibhanti ezibomvu entanyeni. Kwafika amadoda, abafazi nabantwana. Amanye amabhinqa ayenxiba iimpahla zomthonyama, yaye iipateni zazo ezigudle imida yelaphu zazibonisa iindawo zasekuhlaleni.
“Nibangaphi?” omnye umakhi-mkhanya wabuza umququzeleli owayephethe itransceiver kanomathotholo.
“Andazi, kodwa kuseza abanye,” waphendula ngelitshoyo.
“Niphume ngabani ixesha nonke?” isihlwele sacinezela.
“Uluntu lwethu, sihambe ngentsimbi yesithathu ekuseni.” uthe.
AmaZapatista aqalisa ukuhamba esiya embindini wesixeko ngokwemiqolo yesine. Njengenkumba abazifanisa nayo, bahamba kancinane, belindele imikhosi yaseZapatistas eyayiqhubeka ifika. Ukubonisa umbutho womnyhadala, bazihlanganisa ngokwamanani-1 ukuya kuma-29-athungelwe kwiimaski zabo zeski. Abambalwa beZapatistas bahamba ecaleni kweekholamu, besebenza njengemashali ukuba kunokwenzeka nabani na aphume emgceni. Babhala indlela ethe tye ezitratweni de baqhekeza iintsika ukuze benze ipateni yeqokobhe lenkumba njengoko babehamba.
Emin’ emaqanda, iqela elikhulu lamaZapatistas lalisele lifikile kwisitalato i-Diego de Mazariegos, indlela ephambili kumbindi wedolophu iSan Cristóbal de las Casas. Kwakukho abantu abaninzi ababematsha kangangokuba abakhi-mkhanyo abazange bawubone umgama ongaphaya kwabo. Amawakawaka amabhinqa namadoda, oomakhulu nootatomkhulu, abakwishumi elivisayo, abantwana neentsana bagaleleke kwiplaza. Zenza imilo engu-U, ngokukhawuleza ziwela kwindawo efana nezandyondyo zamachaphaza amnyama okanye imiqolo yeembovane ezingabasebenzi ezingaguqukiyo indlela. Zabonakala zingenasiphelo: amawaka anxibe iimaski ezimnyama zokutyibilika ekhephini awayeze ukubonisa ihlabathi ukuba sonke, nathi, kufuneka senze umsebenzi wethu. Ngolungelelaniso olugqibeleleyo, amaZapatista akhwela kwiqonga elenziwe ngamaplanga elalifakwe ngexesha lentshukumo kwaye, besathule cwaka, baphakamisa amanqindi abo.
Ngaphandle kwamagama, umfuziselo wawucacile nangona kunjalo. AmaZapatista ayesithi: Silapha, kwaye siyalwa. Babeqhubeka nomzabalazo, ngaphandle kokuphela kwemijikelo yekhalenda - nokuba ngumjikelo weminyaka emithandathu kamongameli okanye ikhalenda yeminyaka engama-394 yekhalenda yamaMaya.
Emva kokuhla eqongeni kumbindi weplaza, amaZapatista aphinda ahlanganisana emva kweeofisi zikarhulumente wesixeko. Kufuphi yayiyicathedral apho, ngo-1994, u-Subcomandante Marcos wadibana noManuel Camacho Solís, igosa likarhulumente elalithunyelwe ngowayesakuba nguMongameli uSalinas de Gortari, emva kokuba amaZapatista axhobileyo athimba esi sixeko, akhulula amabanjwa awayengaphakathi entolongweni aza atshisa iqaqobana lamapolisa. . Ngolungelelwano olugqibeleleyo amaZapatista aphinda aqulunqa iintsika aza aqalisa ukumatsha ukuya emaphethelweni esixeko, apho ahamba iiyure kamva engamakhulu eelori.
Kwezinye izixeko ababematsha kuzo—iPalenque, iOcosingo, iLas Margaritas neAltamirano—bafika baza bemka ngendlela efanayo. Ekupheleni kosuku xa uMarcos ekhupha i-communiqué, bonke babebuyele kwiindawo zabo ukuze baqhubeke nokwakha izisombululo kwiimfuno zabo ze-13: indawo yokuhlala, umhlaba, umsebenzi, ukutya, impilo, imfundo, ulwazi, inkcubeko, ukuzimela, idemokhrasi, ubulungisa, inkululeko noxolo. Babuyela kwiindawo zabo, ngokufutshane, ukuze baqhubeke nokwakha ukuzimela.
Uninzi kumajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo kamva achaza ukuba uqhanqalazo lumele "ukuqala kwakhona" kweZapatista. Enyanisweni, ukubonakala koluntu kwakulungiselelwe ukukhumbuza ihlabathi ukuba intshukumo ayizange ihambe. Abantwana ababematsha ngoDisemba 21 babezalelwe kwiindawo zaseZapatista; sele bephila kweli elinye ihlabathi njengoko elona lilawulayo liwohloka. Inzolo enesidima yamaZapatista yavakala njengoko babethetha ngeenyawo zabo kwaye bazoba indlela ebonisa ababukeli umgama oseleyo. Kwihlabathi liphela - lichukunyiswe bubukho babo obunesidima kunye nokuphaphama kwe "Kwanele!" ababekuvakalisa ukususela ngowe-1994—umhla wama-21 kuDisemba waba sisifundo ngesidima, ukulungelelana nokuziphatha.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela