Kuhlaselo olucacileyo kumgaqo-siseko wezomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wokuba akukho mthethweni ukuba naliphi na ilizwe landise ummandla walo ngeendlela zomkhosi, iNdlu yabaMeli base-US, ngobuninzi obuninzi be-bipartisan, yadlula. ISigqibo seNdlu ngokuNyenye 152 sivuyisana noSirayeli โngokumanyana kwakhona kweYerusalemโ ngenkani kunye noloyiso lwayo kwimfazwe kaJuni 1967.
Isigqibo, esiphunyezwe ngevoti yezwi ngoJuni 5 - isikhumbuzo se-40th yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-Israel yaseMpuma yeYerusalem kunye neminye imimandla yama-Arabhu - ithi umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US kufuneka uqaphele ukuba eYerusalem โlikomkhulu lakwaSirayeli elingahlulwanga.โ Akukho kukhankanywa ukuba iYerusalem - enabemi abaninzi basePalestine kuso nasiphi na isixeko kwaye kangangeenkulungwane zasebenza njengeziko lezorhwebo, inkcubeko, imfundo kunye nenkolo kubomi basePalestine - kufuneka yamkelwe njengekomkhulu lelizwe elizayo lasePalestina.
Esi sigqibo sixhaswe ngusihlalo weKomiti yeNdlu yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle, uTom Lantos (D-CA), owaziwa ngokubanzi njengesithethi esiyintloko somgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle weDemocratic Party, kwaye uxhaswe ziinkokeli zomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle weDemocratic Party njengoHoward Berman (D-CA), uEliot. Engel (D- NY), uRobert Wexler (D-FL), uJoseph Crowley (D-NY), kunye nosihlalo wekomitana yaseMiddle East uGary Ackerman (D-NY).
I-Israel ibambe ngokusesikweni i-East Jerusalem kunye nemihlaba eyingqongileyo, ngokungafaniyo ne-West Bank, ephantsi kolawulo lomkhosi wase-Israel okanye i-Palestine Authority. Akukho rhulumente ongaphandle kwe-Israel uyasivuma esi sihlomelo singekho mthethweni okanye oxhasa umbono weYerusalem edityaniswe phantsi kolongamo lwakwaSirayeli olukhethekileyo. Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenkokeli zamaqumrhu amakhulu onqulo ehlabathini lonke ziye zabethelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubaluleka kokungavumeli uthatyatho lukaSirayeli olucalanye luhlale lungenamkhethe. Izigqibo zeBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN 252, 267, 271, 298, 476 kunye ne-478 - zidlule ngaphandle kwenkcaso yase-US ngexesha lolawulo lweDemocratic kunye neRiphabhlikhi-ngokukhethekileyo biza u-Israyeli ukuba arhoxise ukufakwa kwayo kunye nezinye iinzame zokuguqula isimo esisemthethweni sesixeko. Ngenxa yokuba iSiqendu 5 sesisombululo 478 sibiza ngokukodwa onke amazwe angamalungu e-UN ukuba angazinaki iinzame zokuthinjwa kukaSirayeli, iNkongolo elawulwa yiDemokhrasi ibiza ngokufanelekileyo ulawulo lukaBush ukuba lubeke i-United States ngokuchasene ngqo neBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN.
Ngubani Olawula IYerusalem?
IYerusalem yoyisiwe yaphinda yoyiswa izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-37 kwimbali yayo yeminyaka engama-3000 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusekwa kwinkulungwane edlulileyo yemigaqo ecacileyo yezomthetho yamazwe ngamazwe ethintela uloyiso lomkhosi olunjalo kunye nemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe eneendlela zokunyanzelisa, kuye kwakho ithemba elizingileyo lokuba ikamva leYerusalem linokuthi - kunye neminye imimandla ethinjwe yimikhosi exhobileyo yakwaSirayeli - zisonjululwe ngoxolo nangokuthobela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Isigqibo seBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo esingunombolo 242, kudala sijongwa njengesiseko soxolo lwama-Arabhu noSirayeli, sigxininisa โukungavunyelwa kokuthathwa komhlaba ngemfazwe.โ ICongress ibonakala icinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo, nangona kunjalo.
Isigqibo se-bipartisan sokupasa isigqibo sokubhiyozela uloyiso lwemikhosi yakwaSirayeli ngexesha apho kukho ukuvumelana okukhulayo phakathi kwamaPalestina, amaSirayeli, kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba iYerusalem ekwabelwana ngayo iyimfuneko kuxolo oluhlala luhleli kubonakala ngathi yenzelwe ukujongela phantsi inkqubo yoxolo. NjengoMJ Rosenberg, umlawuli weZiko loMgaqo-nkqubo waseWashington weForam yePolisi yakwaSirayeli, ya phawula, "I-Congress inendima yokudlala kuMbindi Mpuma ... kodwa obo bunkokeli abubonakalisi ngezigqibo zokubhiyozela imfazwe kodwa ngokusebenzisa igunya labo ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko lwamaSirayeli kunye namaPalestina."
Phantse akukho mntu unokuthanda ukuyibona iYerusalem ibuyela kwisimo sayo sika-1948-67, xa yayisahlulwe zizithuba zabalindi, ucingo oluhlabayo, nabahlaseli, kungekho namaSirayeli okanye amaPalestina akwazi ukuwelela kwelinye icala. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inani lezinye iinketho, ezibandakanya ukwenza iYerusalem ibe sisixeko samazwe ngamazwe njengoko kwakubizwe okokuqala yi-UN ngo-1947, ukudala ulawulo oludibeneyo lwe-Israel-Palestine, okanye ukwahlula isixeko kodwa ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo ngabahlali kunye neendwendwe kuzo zombini i-Israel. kunye namacala asePalestina.
Umzekelo, i-Geneva Initiative - esayinwe ngamagosa abalaseleyo akwa-Israel njengelungu lezoBulungisa kunye nomyili we-Oslo Accord uYossi Beilin, owayesakuba yiNkokeli yeQela lezaBasebenzi uAvram Mitzna kunye nowayesakuba sisithethi seKnesset u-Avraham Burg (kunye neenkokeli zasePalestina ezaziwayo ngokulinganayo) - ukubiza amaYuda aseYerusalem. ubumelwane kunye neendawo ezingcwele ukuba zibe phantsi kolawulo lukaSirayeli kunye neendawo zasePalestina kunye neendawo ezingcwele zamaSilamsi kunye namaKristu ukuba zibe phantsi kolawulo lwasePalestina, isikhundla sokuba iipoliti zoluntu zibonisa uninzi lwamaPalestina kunye namaSirayeli axhasayo.
Uninzi olukhulu lwe-bipartisan yeNdlu yaBameli baseMelika, nangona kunjalo, ekukhalimeni okucacileyo kwamanyathelo anjalo, inyanzelisa ukuba isixeko siphela sibe phantsi kolawulo lwakwa-Israyeli olukhethekileyo.
Oku kukhokelele kuqhanqalazo lwamazwi aphakathi kwiNdlu. Njengoko i-Rep. David Price (D-NC) yayibeka kwingxoxo-mpikiswano esemgangathweni ngaphambi kokuvota, ekubeni โingcamango yeYerusalem engahlulwahlulwanga phantsi kolongamo olulodwa lwamaSirayeli ayizange ibe yinxalenye yaso nasiphi na isindululo esinzulu soxolo . . . kule minyaka imbalwa idluleyo,โ esi sigqibo ngaloo ndlela โsiyijongela phantsi imigudu yaseUnited States yokuqinisekisa ukuthenjwa kwawo onke amacala ekufuneni uxolo.โ U-Rep. Lois Capps (D-CA) waphawula indlela "ekudala kuqondwa ngayo ukuba isivumelwano esisisigxina malunga nemimandla yasePalestina yaseYerusalem siya kushiywa kwiingxoxo zokugqibela. . . . Ndicinga ukuba sinyathela kumhlaba onobungozi xa iCongress ithatha izikhundla ezichasene nemiba ekusafuneka kuxoxwe ngayo. " U-Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) wayephakathi kwabo baye baphawula isigqebelo sokuba iNdlu yapasisa into abaninzi ababenokuyibiza ngesigqibo esixhasa uSirayeli โesiya kwenza iCongress ingahambi nenxalenye enkulu yezopolitiko zakwaSirayeli.โ
I-United States, njengazo zonke ezinye izizwe ezinommeli wezozakuzo kwaSirayeli, inozakuzaku wayo eTel Aviv kulindelwe isisombululo semeko yeJerusalem. Nangona kunjalo, isigqibo seLantos sicela uMongameli Bush ukuba afudusele i-ambassy yase-US eJerusalem ngaphambi koxolo, nangona umongameli evunyiwe, njengabo bangaphambi kwakhe, ukuba ukwenza oko kuya konakalisa imizamo yozakuzo yase-US kwaye kubangele ubutshaba obukhulu kulo lonke ubuSilamsi. ihlabathi. Emehlweni eNkongolo elawulwa yiDemokhrasi, akukho nto yakuthethathethana: U-Israyeli likomkhulu elingahlulwanga lakwa-Israyeli nelungelo lokoyisa.
Umsebenzi kaSirayeli
Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ithini na imeko yeNkongolo yaseUnited States, nangona kunjalo, inyaniso ihleli kukuba abahlali baseMpuma Yerusalem abazange ngokuzithandela banikezele ulongamo kuSirayeli ngokuvota okanye ngezinye iindlela; inxalenye yawo yesixeko yathinjwa ngumkhosi wamajoni. Ngayo nayiphi na inkcazo, oku kuthetha umsebenzi wasemkhosini.
Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, imikhosi yase-Israel ijikeleza ezitalatweni kwaye ibandakanyeka ekuxhatshazweni kwamalungelo oluntu ngokuqhubekayo ngokuchasene nabahlali abachasa ulawulo lwe-Israel. Urhulumente wase-Israel uye wahlutha okanye watshabalalisa amakhaya kunye nezinye izinto zabahlali abangamaSilamsi kunye nabangamaKristu esixekweni. Amaqela amaninzi e-UN, kunye ne-Amnesty International, i-Human Rights Watch kunye neminye imibutho yamalungelo oluntu ahloniphekileyo ahlala ekhankanya i-Israel ngokuphulwa kwayo okuqhubekayo kweNgqungquthela yesine ye-Geneva eMpuma yeYerusalem kunye neendawo ezikufutshane. Phezu kwako nje oku, isigqibo seNdlu siyamncoma uSirayeli โngokuhlonela amalungelo azo zonke iintlangano zonquloโ ebudeni beminyaka engama-40 yolawulo lwakhe.
Ngeli xesha, ulawulo lukaBush, njengolawulo lukaClinton, lwalile ukuphakamisa nayiphi na inkcaso kwimikhosi yase-Israel evala ukufikelela kwabantu abaninzi basePalestine kwizikolo, izibhedlele, amashishini, kunye neendawo zenkcubeko zesona sixeko sikhulu sasePalestine. Oku kuvalwa komsebenzi kuye kwabangela ukubandezeleka okukhulu kubemi. Kwaye kanye njengoko amaJordani engazange avume ukuvumela amaYuda akwaSirayeli ukuba atyelele iindawo zawo ezingcwele kwisiXeko esiDala xa uBukumkani baseHashemite babulawula eMpuma yeYerusalem phakathi kwe-1948 kunye ne-1967, i-Israel ngoku ithintela ngokungqongqo ukufikelela kwamaSulumane asePalestina kunye namaKristu avela kwi-Gaza Strip okanye yonke indawo. West Bank ekutyeleleni iindawo zabo ezingcwele kwisiXeko esiDala.
Phezu kwawo nje amabango esigqibo esichaseneyo noko, abo kuthi baye batyelela iYerusalem kwiminyaka yakutshanje bayaqonda ukuba ayisosixeko simanyeneyo. Umntu akanakuze abone nawaphi na amaSirayeli ngaphandle kwamajoni kunye neentatheli kwiindawo zokuhlala zasePalestine okanye kwizithili zoshishino. Ngolunye utyelelo lwakutsha nje, umqhubi wam wekhebhu yakwa-Israel osuka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya wala ukundisa kwihotele yam ekwisiqingatha sesixeko sasePalestina, endaweni yoko wandibeka kumgca wokwahlula wangaphambi kuka-1967 kwaye endinyanzelela ukuba ndifumane ikhabhu yama-Arabhu kwezi bloko zilishumi ziseleyo. yohambo lwam.
Ngokungafaniyo neNkongolo yase-US, i-Israel Knesset ayizange iphumelele isigqibo sokubhiyozela iminyaka engama-40 yoloyiso. Eneneni, amaziko anyuliweyo akwaSirayeli atyekele ekubeni angazikhumbuli iimfazwe zawo ngaphandle nje kokuhlonela abafileyo bawo. Njengokuba kwakunjalo ngemfazwe yakwaSirayeli eLebhanon ehlotyeni edlulileyo, iCongress izimisele ukunika inkxaso esondele kumxhelo-mnye kwiipolisi apho amaSirayeli ngokwawo azimisele ukubandakanyeka ekuzigxekeni ngokunzulu.
Inene, isigqibo senkongolo esibhiyozela ukoyiswa okuhlazisayo kwemikhosi yama-Arabhu kuya kwandisa imvakalelo yokuchasana neMelika kulo lonke ilizwe lama-Arabhu. Olo loyiso lwezisa ithemba kumaSirayeli amaninzi lokuba, ngempembelelo eyenziwe ukuba yenzeka ngokuthimba imihlaba yama-Arabhu, kwaye ukurhoxa kuka-Israel kungatshintshwa ngesivumelwano soxolo esisisigxina kunye nabamelwane bawo abangama-Arabhu. ICongress, nangona kunjalo, iyenze yacaca ngendlela ye-bipartisan ukuba eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yemimandla ethathiweyo ayixhomekeke kuthethathethwano.
Xa kujongwe indawo esembindini yeJerusalem kulo naluphi na uxolo olubanzi, umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US wenze kwanzima kakhulu ukuba kuphunyezwe uxolo oluhlala luhleli. Njengoko uRep. Price waphawulayo, โekuphela kwento ekunokwenzeka ukuba iqinisekise ngokupheleleyo iYerusalem njengekomkhulu elisisigxina lakwaSirayeli kukuqondwa ngokusemthethweni, ukwamkelwa kwezizwe ngezizwe kwabamelwane bakwaSirayeli noluntu luphela lwezizwe ngezizweโyaye oku kwamkelwa akunakufane kwenzeke logama nje amaPalestina ebanga ikomkhulu lawo. nesixeko esingcwele siyakhatywa.โ
Yintoni ecingwa luluntu lwase-US
Izimvo zoluntu eUnited States zibonisa ukuba, ngokungafaniyo nabameli babo abaninzi beCongress, uninzi lwabantu baseMelika luxhasa iYerusalem ekwabelwana ngayo. Kwaye ngethamsanqa, ngaphandle kwenkxaso yeenkokeli zombini zeRiphabhlikhi kunye neDemokhrasi, kuye kwakho imiqondiso yokuba eli nyathelo lomgaqo-nkqubo liyingozi kunye nokuphendula alixhaswanga jikelele kwiCongress. UJulie Schumacher Cohen weCawe zoXolo kuMbindi Mpuma uthe ukusilela kwesigqibo sokufumana abaxhasi abangaphezu kweshumi elinesine kunye nokuphepha ukuvota โkusenokubonisa ukungazithembi kwisiphumo sovoto olunjalo kunye nokudinwa kweCongressional Izisombululo ezifana nezi ezingancediyo ukuqhubela phambili inkqubo yoxolo kwaye zijongele phantsi iinzame zozakuzo zase-US. " Izigqibo ezifanayo malunga neYerusalem ezapasiswa yiCongress kwiminyaka edlulileyo zafumana inkxaso enkulu ye-bipartisan.
Kukho okungakumbi okusemngciphekweni kunoxolo lwe-Israel-Palestina. Kuyingozi kakhulu, ngeli xesha lolawulo lomkhosi waseMelika, ukuba uninzi oluninzi lweNkongolo luqhubele phambili lucela umngeni kwimigaqo ebhalwe kuMqulu weZizwe eziManyeneyo wokuba imida yamazwe ngamazwe yamkelwe ngokwesiseko somthetho, hayi amandla ezixhobo.
Uluntu lwaseMelika alufanele luvumele iDemocratic Party, enikwe ulawulo lweCongress ngabavoti ngoNovemba odluleyo, ukuba ichithe isigunyaziso sayo ngokuxhasa izigqibo ezingagcini nje ukujongela phantsi amalungelo abantu basePalestina kunye nomdla wexesha elide lokhuseleko lwe-Israel kunye ne-United States, kodwa. ikwajongela phantsi imigaqo ebalulekileyo nenexesha elide yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
UStephen Zunes ngumhleli woMbindi Mpuma we Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle. Ungunjingalwazi wezoPolitiko kwiDyunivesithi yaseSan Francisco kunye nombhali we-Tinderbox: Umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US kuMbindi Mpuma kunye neeNgcambu zobugrogrisi (I-Common Courage Press, i-2003.)
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela