Umbono wokugqibela endiwubambe eKobanê, ngaphambi kokuba sinyanzelwe ukuba sehle kwinduli ejonge edolophini ngamajoni aseTurkey ethwele abasebenzi abaxhobileyo, ziintsika ezimbini zomsi ophuma embindini wesixeko. Kwimizuzu nje embalwa ngaphambi koko, kwavakala izithonga ezibini zokudubula okukhulu, emva koko kwavela ilifu lothuli nobutyobo phakathi kwezakhiwo zasedolophini, ngaphaya komda waseTurkey.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iijethi zomdibaniso kunye needrones zijikeleza phezulu, zingabonakali ngamehlo enyama kodwa ziqondwa ngokucacileyo ngezandi zabo ezivungamayo, kucacile ukuba ezi yayingezozandi zomoya: uqhushumbo lwavela kwindawo esaphantsi kolawulo lwaBantu kunye nabasetyhini. Imikhosi yoKhuselo (YPG/YPJ), kunye nomsi ukhangeleka ngokwahlukileyo kuhlobo oludla ngokulandela uhlaselo lomoya. Oku kushiya into enye kuphela: ezi yayiziqhushumbo ze-ISIS ezimbini zokuzibulala iibhombu zemoto ezingaphumelelanga ukuzama ukwaphula imigca yokhuselo yamaKurd.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba imoto yesibini iqhume - mhlawumbi ihlanjululwe yi-ISIS okanye ingathathi hlangothi yi-YPG / YPJ - isiqingatha see-APC zaseTurkey zifika ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumda ukuya entabeni apho iintatheli zangaphandle kunye nababukeli bendawo baye bahlanganisana ukuze balandele imeko kwisixeko. Amajoni ayalela wonke umntu, kuquka namajelo eendaba, ukuba ayishiye loo mbono ngoko nangoko. Akuchazwa nto, yaye ngokukhawuleza sabuyela kwinqwelo-mafutha yethu ukuze sibuyele eSuruç, idolophu engumda waseTurkey ekwiikhilomitha ezisibhozo ukusuka apho.
Umanyano oluvela kwitshantliziyo lasekuhlaleni
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, kwibhasi ebuyela eUrfa ukusuka eSuruç, enye indoda yaqalisa ukuthetha nam. Ezazisa njengoMüslüm, umlweli wamaKurd oneminyaka engama-31 ubudala osuka kufutshane neSuruç, wandixelela ngomntakwabo, ngoku esilwa neYPG eKobanê. UMüslüm khange athethe naye ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintlanu, njengoko naluphi na unxibelelwano namavolontiya aseTurkey alwa neYPG eRojava kuya kumbeka kunye namanye amalungu osapho ekhaya emngciphekweni wokubanjwa ngabasemagunyeni baseTurkey.
“Ulwela inkqubo yecanton, inkululeko yabantu baseKurdish kunye nenkululeko zonke abantu,” utshilo uMüslüm. "Ukuzimela kweRojava yingxaki enkulu eTurkey, kuba inkqubo yayo yecanton ngumzekelo wendlela ikamva laseKurdistan elinokubonakala ngayo."
UMüslüm uxhasa ngokupheleleyo kwaye uyazingca ngomntakwabo. Naye akaqhelekanga nakwinkqubo yezopolitiko, uchithe iminyaka emithathu entolongweni ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwakhe kwezopolitiko kumzabalazo wamaKurd. Wagxothwa eCyprus yamaGrike emva kokukhululwa kwakhe yaye wavunyelwa kuphela ukuba abuyele eTurkey phantsi komqathango wokuba akasayi kuphinda abandakanyeke kwezobupolitika. Oku akubonakali kumkhathazi kakhulu.
“Urhulumente undibiza ngokuba ngumgrogrisi kuba ndithetha kuqhanqalazo olufuna idemokhrasi kubantu baseKurd. Abathandi nantoni na enxulumene nenkululeko yabantu baseKurdish. Kodwa andiva! Suku ngalunye ndixakekile kumzabalazo wamaKurd. Bonke abantu abalapha bafana nam.”
Urhulumente waseTurkey ugcina umkhondo wabo bonke abaphembeleli baseKurdish, kwaye igama likaMüslüm livela kuluhlu lwabantsundu olukhethekileyo, okuthetha ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha ejongwa ngamapolisa kukho ithuba lokuba bamhlise baye kwisikhululo. Noko ke, oku akumthinteli ekubeni andinike lonke uncedo endinokulufuna, kwaye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo uMüslüm uza kundizisa kwiilali ezithe thaca kumda waseSyria, ngoku ezihlala abantu abalwela umanyano. Oku kubizwa ngokuba 'ziikhaka zabantu' - kunye nemida kubantu basemzini.
Ukuxoxa ngokuzimela kwedemokhrasi
Emva komngcwabo wamajoni asixhenxe e-YPG/YPJ imizimba yawo yaziswa ukusuka e-Kobanê ukuya eTurkey ukuze ingcwatywe ngokufanelekileyo apha, isihlwele esikhulu sihlanganisana kwikomkhulu lendawo ye-pro-Kurdish Democratic Regions Party (DBP). Ngelixa wonke umntu esela iti kwaye ebukele iindaba zamva nje ezivela kwi-Kobanê kwitshaneli yaseKurdish, u-Ayşe Muslim - umfazi kaSaleh Muslim, usihlalo-sihlalo weDemocratic Union Party (PYD) kunye nenkokeli ye-de-facto yaseRojava - ungena kwaye uqala. ewakhwaza ngomsindo la madoda esithi: “Nenza ntoni apha, nibukele umabonwakude nisela iti ngoxa oogxa bethu baseKobanê besilwela inkululeko yenu? Yiya emdeni ubonise umanyano lwakho!”
Kamva, kwidolophana yaseMeasêr, apho amakhulu aye athontelana ukuza kubukela ukungqingwa kweKobanê kusenzeka, ndihlala phantsi namanye amadoda kwimosque yasekuhlaleni ukuze sixubushe iimbono zawo ngenkqubo yecanton kaRojava kunye nengcamango ka-Öcalan yokuba. ukuzimela kwedemokhrasi. Phakathi kwabo ngumzalwana womnye wabalawuli abaphezulu be-PKK, ovuyayo ukwabelana ngezinye zeengcamango zakhe.
"Inkqubo ye-canton kunye neprojekthi yokuzimela kwentando yesininzi ayikho nje iprojekthi yamaKurd," utsho. “Imbono yeyokuba yenza kube lula ukuphila kwabantu beenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, bezizwe ngezizwe nangeelwimi ezahlukeneyo. Ewe, i-PKK yalwela ukuzimela kwelizwe ngaphambili, kodwa le nto yayikwixesha leMfazwe ebandayo. Emva kokuwa koDonga lwaseBerlin nokupheliswa kwenkqubo yobukomanisi nobusoshiyali, siye saqonda ukuba ilizwe elinye elinorhulumente omnye ayisosisombululo sifanelekileyo.”
Ngokugqabhuka kwe-Kobanê kuvakala ngokucacileyo ngasemva, amadoda amaninzi angena kule ngxoxo. Enye indoda yongezelela ngelithi: “Kunyaka ophelileyo uBarzani [inkokeli ebambelele kwisithethe yaseKurdistan yaseIraq] wacela ukumanyaniswa kwabantu abangamaKurd kwilizwe elinye. Kodwa i-PKK ayivumelani nesi sicwangciso, kuba ilizwe elinjalo ekugqibeleni aliyi kuhluka kwiRiphabhliki yaseTurkey. AmaKurds aneecawa ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye sithetha iilwimi ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Singamanyana njani phantsi korhulumente omnye?”
Amadoda ayavuma ukuba, ngenxa yamandla ombuso waseTurkey kunye nomkhosi, ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwenkqubo yecanton efana neRojava kusekude. Sekunjalo babona ukuzimela geqe njengenye indlela yokwenyani. Asifuni abezopolitiko abaqeqeshiweyo, kodwa sifuna abantu bathathe izigqibo ngobomi babo, ngokusekwe kwimvumelwano nangamabhunga asekhaya.
Kanye ngaphandle kwedolophana, emthunzini weziko lomkhosi eligqume induli encinane ejongene neMeasêr kwelinye icala, nomda wamaSiriya kwelinye, ndidibana noSabri Altinel. Eli gqala le-DBP linengxoxo kunye notitshala-umhlobo ovela kwisixeko saseKars ukubonisa ubumbano lwakhe nabantu baseKobanê. U-Altinel encumile undixelela ukuba “ngoku wonke umntu olapha ungumntu othanda ukulwa. Sichasene ne-ISIS kunye nelizwe laseTurkey. "
Umgca obomvu Kobanê
Kwiintsuku ezininzi ezidlulileyo, u-Abdullah Öcalan, inkokeli evalelweyo ye-PKK, wanika ilizwe laseTurkey ngemfazwe. umhla wokugqibela ukwenza uxolo kunye nabemi baseKurdish belizwe. “Singalindela isisombululo kude kube nge-15 ka-Okthobha, emva koko akukho nto sinokuyenza,” ifundeka ngolu hlobo ingxelo yakhe. "Bona (abasemagunyeni baseTurkey) bathetha ngesisombululo kunye nothethathethwano kodwa akukho nto injalo. Le yimeko eyenziweyo; asizukwazi ukuqhubeka kwakhona.”
Amadoda aseMeasêr ayixhasa ngokupheleleyo ingxelo ka-Öcalan, kuba adinwe kukunqunyanyiswa ngurhulumente waseTurkey, oqhubeka ephakamisa umba wenkqubo yoxolo yamaKurdish ngalo lonke ixesha unyulo lujonge ekoneni, kodwa oluthi, xa lutyhala lutyhala. , isoloko isilela ukwenza ngokuvisisana nezithembiso zayo. Bakholelwa ukuba u-Öcalan ubeke umhla wokugqibela ukwenzela ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwezithembiso ezenziwe kwiingxoxo kuze kube ngoku azikwazi ukuhlehliswa - kwaye ngenxa yeziganeko zaseKobanê, urhulumente uya kunyanzeliswa ukuba aveze ubuso bakhe bokwenene.
“I-Kobanê yinto yonke,” utshilo umntakwabo mphathi we-PKK. "I-Kobanê ngumgca obomvu: i-PKK, i-Öcalan, i-Kurdish abantu bonke. Ngaphandle kukaKobanê asinakuthetha nantoni na. "
Uluvo oluqhelekileyo lwamaKurds kunye nabaxhasi babo apha kumda kukuba urhulumente waseTurkey ube nesandla ekuhlaselweni kwe-ISIS kwi-Kobanê. Eli rherheba liqinisekiswe lilungu le-ISIS ebesithetha nalo ngomnxeba, iimitha ezingamakhulu amabini ukusuka kumda waseSyria.
Mna nomhlobo wam uMurat sasihamba emasimini xa sadibana nendoda eyasichazela ukuba yayisandul’ ukuqhwesha eKobanê. Usixelele ukuba, kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambili, wazama njani ukutsalela umnxeba umhlobo wakhe owayesilwa noMkhosi woKhuselo wabaseTyhini. Kodwa endaweni yokuba umhlobo wakhe aphendule, indoda engaziwayo yathatha ifowuni kwaye yamxelela ukuba umhlobo wakhe ufile - wabulawa yi-ISIS - kwaye le fowuni ngoku yayiyeyakhe.
UMurat wayikhuthaza le ndoda ukuba iphinde izame ukuyifowunela loo nombolo, yaye emva kokuba ikhala izihlandlo eziliqela, kwaloo ndoda yayibamba. Umhlobo wethu uthethe nomlo we-ISIS okwethutyana, ngesiArabhu, emva koko wambuza: "uqhuba njani umhlobo wakho u-Erdoğan?" Impendulo yaqinisekisa ukuba abaninzi balapha ukukrokra ngalo lonke ixesha: “U-Erdoğan usincede kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo. Usinike uKobanê. Kodwa ngoku asisamdingi. Emva kweKobanê, iTurkey ilandelayo!
Umhla wokugqibela we-PKK we-15 ka-Oktobha usondela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umda usavaliwe kuyo nayiphi na into okanye ukuxhaswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kubakhuseli baseKurdish besixeko, amathuba okuba imfazwe yombutho entsha eTurkey iba mkhulu imihla ngemihla. Amadoda aseMeasêr ebeya kukhetha isisombululo sezopolitiko kunobundlobongela, kodwa aqonde ukuba ukuba urhulumente waseTurkey uyaqhubeka nokuma engenzi nto, evala umda njengoko amaqabane abo e-Kobanê ebulawa kwizandla ze-ISIS, abayi kusala nento eninzi. ukhetho.
Ke ngoko kubonakala ngathi imfazwe yamakhaya yaseSyria iphalala ngokukhawuleza eTurkey, hayi kwindawo yokugqibela kuba uninzi lwamajoni e-YPG e-Kobanê kuthiwa avela kwi-PKK, encedisa amaqabane abo aseSyria ekulweni ne-ISIS. Njengeendaba ivela ye-airstrikes yaseTurkey entsha kwiindawo ze-PKK kumzantsi-mpuma welizwe, kuyacaca ukuba ukupheliswa komlilo kuphuka ngokukhawuleza. Ngaloo ndlela, iintsuku ezizayo ziya kuba sisigqibo ngekamva lenkqubo yoxolo yaseTurkey-Kurdish.
Ngaphandle kokuba urhulumente waseTurkey ngequbuliso enze utshintsho olukhulu, evula umda ukuya e-Kobanê kunye nokuxhasa ukuchasana kwamaKurdish ngokuchasene ne-ISIS, kuya kuba nzima ukunqanda ukwanda kobundlobongela kulo mmandla.
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