Uloyiso olumangalisayo luka-Amir Peretz kwiveki ephelileyo luye lwanconywa ngabanye njengokuqala kosuku olutsha lwethemba kwezopolitiko zakwa-Israel. I-Peretz ngokuqinisekileyo luhlobo olutsha nolwahlukileyo lwenkokeli yeqela elikhulu lezopolitiko lakwaSirayeli. Kubalulekile ukuqonda uPeretz, into ayimeleyo kunye nethemba elizisayo, kunye nokugcina imbono kwimida yendlela uloyiso lwakhe luthetha ngayo.
UPeretz wabonwa njengento ephambili kwilinge lakhe lokuba yinkokeli yezaBasebenzi. Kodwa ixesha lakhe alinakuba ngcono. Inqanaba kunye nefayile yezaBasebenzi kwakudala yaphelelwa ngumdla ngenxa yeentshukumo zezopolitiko zikaShimon Peres. UPeres akazange abe yinkokeli ekhuthazayo, kwaye akazange abe ngumxhasi onamandla we-ajenda ethile yezopolitiko. UPeres ngumdlali othatha amathuba, kwaye ukuba sesikhundleni esiphezulu kuye nawuphi na urhulumente wase-Israel ibisoloko iyeyona nto agxile kuyo. Xa u-Amram Mitzna waphumelela ubunkokeli bezaBasebenzi ngo-2002, nangona wayengumntu oqalayo kwezopolitiko, wabhenca ubunkokeli obuzinzileyo bezaBasebenzi bukaPeres, uBenjamin Ben-Eliezer, uOphir Pines-Paz no-Ephraim Sneh njengabaphulukene nenkxaso ebalulekileyo. UPeretz ngoku wenze imali kulo nto.
Amathemba ekamva elikufutshane
Kuya kuba bubudenge ukubona uloyiso lukaPeretz njengento engenye ngaphandle kophuhliso oluhle kakhulu, hayi nje kwezopolitiko zakwa-Israeli, kodwa kunye nethemba lokuphela komsebenzi kunye noxolo olunobulungisa kumaSirayeli kunye namaPalestina. Kodwa ibiya kuba bubudenge ngokufanayo ukukholelwa ukuba iza kuyitshintsha ngokuphawulekayo indlela yeziganeko kwixesha elikufuphi.
Ukuba uPeretz, njengoko kubonakala ngathi kunokwenzeka, wenza okulungileyo kwisithembiso sakhe sokukhupha uMsebenzi kurhulumente, unyulo lukaMatshi, i-2006 lunokwenzeka ngokulinganayo. Ngesikhundla sika-Ariel Sharon njengentloko ye-Likud sisenobunzima obuthile, kunokwenzeka ukuba uSharon enze iqela lesithathu, mhlawumbi namalungu angasebenziyo e-Labour. Amandla kaPeretz okutsala abavoti ukusuka eLikud ukuya kwezaBasebenzi kunokudityaniswa nokuhamba kukaSharon kunye noLikud okhubazekileyo. Kodwa oku akuqinisekisi uloyiso lwaBasebenzi ngoMatshi.
Nokuba uPeretz uya kuba yiNkulumbuso kulo nyaka uzayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba enze utshintsho olukhulu emhlabeni. Akayi kuludiliza udonga, nangona enokuyiguqula ngakumbi indlela yalo. Uyazi kakhulu isimo sengqondo soluntu lwase-Israel ukuba athathele ingqalelo nakuphi na ukubuya kweembacu zasePalestina kwaSirayeli ngokufanelekileyo kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ibe yinto ephawulekayo ngokwahlula iYerusalem. Akayi kungqina isicombululo esikhawulezileyo kungquzulwano olungcungcuthekisayo lukaSirayeli nePalestine.
Kodwa uloyiso lukaPeretz ngoMatshi lunokuba nefuthe elingcono ezantsi kwendlela. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, usenokukwazi ukuphembelela iimvakalelo zakwaSirayeli ngeYerusalem. Ngokuthe ngqo, ukuba uhlaziyo lwakhe lwentlalo lunokuba nalo naliphi na ithemba lokuphumelela, indawo anokuthi aphinde abele kuyo imali lishishini lokuhlalisa. Ndixhobe nge ingxelo evela kuMatshi, 2005 nguTalia Sasson malunga neendlela ezingekho mthethweni ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ngemali zombini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-settlement “izithuba ezingaphandle†kunye neendawo ezinkulu, ezimisiweyo, i-Peretz inokukwazi ukwenza buthathaka intshukumo yabahlali kakhulu.
Emva koloyiso lwakhe kwezaBasebenzi, uPeretz unikezele ngetyala kwi-Knesset enikezela imbuyekezo kubo nabaphi na abahlali abanqwenela ukuyishiya iBhanki yaseNtshona. Linyathelo elincinci, kodwa sisiqalo.
Iingcambu zobuSoshiyali?
U-Amir Peretz uchazwa ngokufanelekileyo njengendoda enembono yezopolitiko esekelwe kwi-socialism. Eyakhe intetho ibonakalise inkolelo yexesha elidlulileyo labasebenzi njengombutho wobusoshiyali. Lo mbono wothando weQela leLabour ulahlekile ngandlel’ ithile (ukufumana ingcaciso ebalaseleyo yomzabalazo phakathi kwaBasebenzi nakwaSirayeli ngokubanzi phakathi kobusoshiyali nobuzwe, bona Incwadi kaZe’ev Sternhell ethi, Iintsomi zokuQala zikaSirayeli.) Izabasebenzi ziye zashenxa ngokuthe ngcembe kuninzi lweengcamango zobusoshiyali. I-Peretz, eneneni, izisa isoshiyali phambili kakhulu kwingcinga yezaBasebenzi kwa-Israyeli kunokuba mhlawumbi yakha yabakho, ngokuqinisekileyo kakhulu kunokuba ibinjalo kumashumi eminyaka emininzi.
UPeretz uza kushukuma ukuze akhe kwakhona umnatha wokhuseleko loluntu kwaSirayeli, kwaye uya kusebenzela ukunciphisa umsantsa phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu, umsantsa ongowona mkhulu kulo naliphi na ilizwe elikwindlela yaseNtshona. Ingaba unokuchaphazela ngokwenene utshintsho olunjalo kuqoqosho lwakwaSirayeli kuyathandabuzeka. Kuya kubakho ukuxhathisa okukhulu kumacandelo amaninzi, engancinci kuwo aya kuba ngaphakathi kweqela lakhe - iLabour yamkele imodeli ye-neoliberal yezoqoqosho ngokuthanda kakhulu ngeminyaka yee-1980 kunye nee-1990s. Kodwa ukuba unokuba nefuthe elithile kulo mba, kuya kuba nethemba, kwaye kungekhona nje kuluntu lwamaSirayeli, njengoko siza kubona ngezantsi.
Peretz njengomenzi woxolo?
U-Peretz ugxininise ekuchaseni kwakhe inkqubo ka-Ariel Sharon 'yokugxothwa kwelinye icala'. Oku kuyaphawuleka, ngakumbi kuba ingqikelelo yokwahlulwa kwelinye icala, njengombono weWest Bank Wall, ayiveli kuSharon kunye neLikud, kodwa kwiLabour Party phantsi kukaEhud Barak. UPeretz uye wachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba angathanda ukuhlala phantsi noMhmoud Abbas, ngaphandle kokurhweba e-United States okanye nabani na ongomnye, kwaye abethelele isivumelwano sokugqibela. Ewe kunjalo, le yingxelo evakala kakuhle eya kuba nzima ukuyiphumeza nangaliphi na inani lezizathu. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacaca ukuba uPeretz uyawubona umonakalo owenziwe nguSharon's unilateral ukujongela phantsi i-Abbas ephakathi, kunye nendlela eyenza inkqubela yokwenyani ibenzima ngakumbi. UPeretz ulilungu lexesha elide loxolo ngoku, kwaye inkosikazi yakhe isebenza ngenkuthalo ekukhuthazeni iingxoxo phakathi kwamaSirayeli kunye namaPalestina emhlabeni. Indlela yakhe yongquzulwano namaPalestina yahluke ngokupheleleyo kungekuphela nje kuAriel Sharon noBenjamin Netanyahu, kodwa nakwiShimon Peres, uEhud Barak noYitzhak Rabin. I I-BBC icaphula uPeretz besithi, “Ndiwubona lo msebenzi njengokuziphatha okubi, okokuqala nje.”— IZe
Ngokungafaniyo no-Amram Mitzna ngo-2002, uPeretz akazange athobe ngokuthe ngcembe ivolumu kwintetho yakhe yoxolo njengoko iphulo lakhe laliqhubeka. Nangona kunjalo, oko ngokuyinxenye kungenxa yokuba i-ajenda yoxolo isemva kakhulu emva kohlaziyo lwangaphakathi lwentlalo noqoqosho lwePeretz. Kwakhona, uPeretz uphantse angabi namava kwimicimbi yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye namava akhe njengomlweli woxolo ebengaphandle kakhulu kwezopolitiko ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-ajenda yakhe yasekhaya inokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo emsebenzini. Njengoko uqoqosho lwakwa-Israel luye lwaba mandundu kuninzi lwabemi bayo, inkxaso yamanyathelo aqatha kunye neenkani ekujonganeni namaPalestina ikhulile. Ibutho labantu elingakhuselekanga ngokwezoqoqosho lityekele ekuthandeni ilizwe. Uqoqosho lwakwaSirayeli olulingeneyo ngakumbi luya kuba ngumhlaba ochumileyo wotshintsho lokwenyani kunye nokuthotyelwa kokwenyani kunye namaPalestine.
Kodwa ngeli xesha asibobulumko ukuphakamisa amathemba kakhulu. Nokuba uPeretz wayenokuba yiNkulumbuso (ayisiyiyo isiphumo sonyulo lwangaphambili, nangona kungenakwenzeka), i-ajenda yakhe yasekhaya iya kuba yeyona nto iphambili kuye. Wayeza kujongana nemiqobo enzima, ngakumbi ekusweleni kwakhe amava kunye nokunxibelelana namagosa angaphandle kunye nokuba yintoni enokuthi ibe ngurhulumente waseMelika ongaboni ngasonye naye, ubuncinci kude kube ngu-2008.
Ukujongela phantsi isiseko sabavoti baseMizrahi eLikud
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yelizwe lakwa-Israel, kunye naBasebenzi kulawulo oluluqilima lukarhulumente, abafuduki abangamaYuda abavela kumazwe amaSilamsi bajongene nocalucalulo olunzima, oluqhubeka luvakala namhlanje. AmaJuda aseMizrahi (iMizrahi ithetha “eMpuma†kwaye ichaza amaYuda asuka kuninzi lweAsia nakuMntla Afrika) aye ahlukaniswa nezaBasebenzi ngenxa yelo lifa. AmaYuda ase-Ashkenazi (amaYuda aseYurophu, aphuma kwinzala yaseCaucasus) enza isininzi esingalinganiyo sabantu ababalaseleyo kwaSirayeli, ngelixa iMizrahim, uninzi lwamaYuda akwaSirayeli, enenqanaba elisezantsi lomvuzo kwaye exhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzi. Ngoko ke, iLabour, ekubonakala ukuba liqela lobusoshiyali ngakumbi, elithanda uxolo, libe liqela labantu ababalaseleyo bakwaSirayeli, kwaye abavoti beMizrahi baye batsalela kumaqela enkolo asekunene anjengeShas, okanye iLikud.
UAmir Peretz, ummi waseMorocco, yaye ngaloo ndlela uMizrahi umYuda, ebesoloko ethetha ngokuphandle ngesikhundla seMizrahim kwaSirayeli. Kude nokuba yinkokeli ye-tokenistic, uPeretz uye wagcina isazisi sakhe ngokuzingca ngaye, kodwa ebesoloko eyigcina i-aura yakhe njengenkokeli yabo bonke. Usenokuba ngumntu nje oza kuzisa uncedo oluhle lweMizrahi kuBasebenzi, into engazange ibe nayo ngaphambili. Oku kunokumvumela ukuba enze utshintsho olukhaliphileyo, ekhaya nakwiMimandla eMiselweyo.
UPeretz ukwangumkhuseli wegcuntswana lama-Arabhu lakwaSirayeli. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abemi bama-Arabhu bakwaSirayeli baye bajongana nocalucalulo olubi ukusukela oko babekwa bodwa njenge "kholamu yesihlanu" eyoyikwayo ngeminyaka yoo-1950. Ngokuqinisekileyo uPeretz uza kunqanda lo msinga, kwaye wayeya kufumana inkxaso yama-Arabhu ngokwenza oko. Kungakanani okusamele kubonwe, njengoko izehlo zeminyaka yakutshanje zonakalise kanobom ubudlelwane bukaSirayeli kunye nabemi bakhona abangama-Arabhu.
Imiqobo kuPeretz
Kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho utshintsho lokwenyani kunyulo luka-Amir Peretz njengentloko yezaBasebenzi. Kodwa olo tshintsho lusekude kwaye lo ngowokuqala, kwaye ingelulo olona celomngeni lukhulu lulindele yena. Ubusoshiyali obunyanisekileyo bukaPeretz kunye nothethelelo olunyanisekileyo kubasebenzi ngokucacileyo kuya kuthetha ukuba izityebi nabanamandla abaphezulu bakwaSirayeli abayi kugcina ndleko ekumchaseni. Leyo yibala uPeretz aqhelene nalo, njengoko wayesilwa nje ezo mfazwe kwishumi leminyaka yakhe njengentloko ye-Histadrut, inkongolo yemanyano yabasebenzi bakwa-Israel. Kananjalo uya kujongana nenkcaso enkulu evela kumkhosi wamajoni, umkhosi omkhulu kwaSirayeli. U-Peretz, ukuba angaba yiNkulumbuso, uya kuba yiNkulumbuso yokuqala engazange ibe ligosa eliphezulu emkhosini wakwa-Israel. Oku kunokujongela phantsi ukuthembeka kwakhe eluntwini xa ezama ukwenza naziphi na iimvumelwano ezinzulu kwi-West Bank.
Mhlawumbi elona dabi linomdla kuPeretz liya kuba ngumlo wakhe kunye nocalucalulo oluchasene neMizrahi. NjengomYuda waseMorocco, ubunikazi bakhe beMizrahi buya kuba phambili. Oku kusichaphazela kangakanani isikhundla sakhe kuya kuthetha kakhulu malunga nendlela amaYuda ase-Ashkenazi ayijonga ngayo iMizrahim namhlanje.
Okokugqibela, umqobo omkhulu uPeretz ekuya kufuneka ukuba awoyise iya kuba kukubuyela umva kwiQela laBasebenzi. Umlindi omdala uya kusokola ukubuyisela indawo yakhe, nokuba uShimon Peres, ngoku oneminyaka engama-82, uthatha isigqibo sokuba oku kufanele kubonise ukuba uthatha umhlala-phantsi. Kwaye, ngelixa iinjongo zikaPeretz zobusoshiyali nezobuntu zihambelana neentetho zabasebenzi, amaYuda ase-Ashkenazi atyebileyo asabumba eyona nto ibalulekileyo yezabasebenzi asenokungakuxhasi ukuphumeza ezo mbono.
Abantu baseMelika kufuneka bajonge ukwenza ntoni ngoku?
Enye yeengongoma zokuthetha zikaPeretz ibe ngumnqweno wakhe wothethathethwano oluthe ngqo, lwamazwe amabini noMahmoud Abbas. Kucacile ukuba akafuni ukubandakanyeka kweMelika kwezo ntetho. Indlela i-US eya kusabela ngayo ekukhutshelweni ngaphandle iya kubonakala, kodwa inikwe indawo esembindini yakwa-Israyeli kubacwangcisi abaninzi benkqubo yangaphandle eMelika, akunakwenzeka ukuba bayithathe kakuhle. Kwangaxeshanye, amathemba okuba uPeretz akwazi ukunika abantu basePalestine nobuncinci obuncinci bento abanokuyidinga, nokuba unqwenela ngokunyanisekileyo ukwenza njalo, abonakala ekude kakhulu kwixesha elikufuphi.
Oku kushiya abalweli boxolo bamazwe angaphandle kwindawo ebesikuyo. Kufuneka siqhubeke sithethelela ukususwa kodonga olungekho mthethweni kwi-West Bank; ukurhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo kweendawo zokuhlala zakwaSirayeli kwi-West Bank; kwiYerusalem ekwabelwana ngayo okanye yahlulwe, inokusebenza njengekomkhulu lawo omabini amaPalestina namaSirayeli; kunye nesisombululo esifanelekileyo nesifanelekileyo somba weembacu zasePalestina. Nokuba siyintoni na isiphumo songquzulwano ekugqibeleni, siyazi kakade ukuba ezi zinto zezona zincinane ekufuneka uSirayeli avumelane nazo. Kuyenzeka ukuba uloyiso lukaPeretz lube linyathelo lokuqala ukuya kwezi zinto, kodwa kukho indlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe kwaye eyona miqobo mikhulu isekhona.
Kufuneka sinyuse uxinzelelo kurhulumente wethu ukuba abambe uncedo ku-Israel olomeleza umsebenzi, kwaye kufuneka siqhubeke nokucinezela urhulumente wethu ukuba amkele isimo esifanelekileyo kumacala omabini. Kwaye, nokuba sisuka eUnited States okanye eYurophu, eKhanada, eMzantsi Melika okanye naphi na emhlabeni, sinokuvumelana namazwi kaPeretz athi “umsebenzi kukuziphatha okubi.” Asikokwethu ukuxhasa okanye ukuchasa umntu Inkokeli yakwaSirayeli, kodwa sinokuyixhasa okanye siyichase izenzo zayo. U-Ariel Sharon usinika kuphela izenzo zokuchasa. Sinethemba lokuba uPeretz wenza ngcono, nokuba ulindele ukuba enze njalo, kodwa inkqubo yethu ihlala ifana.
Amanye amanqaku ngePeretz
Uri Avnery kuloyiso lukaPeretz
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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