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Umthombo: Amaphupha aqhelekileyo
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California yenye uqoqosho olukhulu lwehlabathi. Ikwangumbuso okhululekileyo osebenza njengenkokeli kwiinzame zokulwa nengxaki yemozulu. Ngokwenene, iCalifornia kuthiwa iguqule umgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu, iqhubela phambili uninzi lwemithetho yemozulu efuna ukulwa nobushushu behlabathi kunye neziphumo zayo eziyingozi. Phakathi kwazo kukho isicwangciso sokuvala ukuthengiswa kwe iimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngepetroli kwilizwe lonke ngo-2035. ukukhula kwezoqoqosho.
Into ehlekisayo ngasemva kweenzame zaseCalifornia zokujongana nengxaki yemozulu ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwaye ekugqibeleni ifumane ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni phakathi kwinkulungwane kukuba kukho indlela eneenkcukacha ekhoyo kurhulumente kunye nokuphunyezwa kwangoko.
Ukugqithiswa kwebhili yesimo sezulu i-AB 32, uMthetho we-Global Warming Solutions Act ka-2006, ubeka inqanaba lenguqu yelizwe kwikamva elizinzileyo le-ecological. Ibiyintshukumo yamandla acocekileyo amabini edinga iBhodi yeMithombo yoMoya ukuba iphuhlise imimiselo kunye neendlela zentengiso zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse yelizwe ukuya kumanqanaba abo ka-1990 ngo-2020. injongo ye-AB-32 iminyaka emine phambi kweshedyuli. Kwi-2016, indlu yowiso-mthetho yaseCalifornia ivotele ukwandisa iithagethi zokutshintsha kwemozulu yelizwe. SB-32 misela usukelo lokunciphisa amanqanaba okukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse ngo-2030 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini kumanqanaba ka-1990, ngelixa 2018 uMyalelo weSigqeba watyikitywa ofuna ukuba ii-arhente zikarhulumente zifikelele kwi-carbon neutrality ngo-2045.
Inkqubo yokunciphisa i-emissions yaseCalifornia inenani leempawu eziphambili, ezibandakanya ukuphuhliswa kwe ISicwangciso sokuJonga iMozulu saseCalifornia kunye a inkqubo cap-kunye-yorhwebo.
Ngokwenyani, iCarlifonia ayinayo imephu yendlela eneenkcukacha yokucutha ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ukuze kuzalisekiswe injongo yesiVumelwano saseParis sokunciphisa ubushushu behlabathi ukuya kutsho kwi-1.5 degrees celcius ngaphezu kwamanqanaba angaphambi koshishino. Umzekelo, ngelixa ezothutho ngowona mthombo mkhulu wokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse eCarlifonia, urhulumente akanayo indlela echongiweyo yokususa ikhabhoni kwicandelo. Okubi nangakumbi, iinjongo zikarhulumente ezigunyaziswe ngokusemthethweni azidluli ngaphaya kowama-2030. Kwaye xa umthetho oyilwayo omtsha, UMthetho weNgxaki yeMozulu (AB 1395), ibhalelwe ngamalungu eNdibano u-Al Muratsuchi no-Cristina Garcia, yaziswa ngosuku lokugqibela lweseshoni yowiso-mthetho yonyaka ophelileyo, yoyiswe ngokuvakalayo.
I-AB 1395 yehla ngokoyiswa zizandla zamaqela ahlukeneyo alungelelanisiweyo, ukusukela kwishishini leoli, labasebenzi, California.
Phakathi kwamaqela abasebenzi awayechase ngamandla i-AB 1395 yayiyiBhunga lezoRhwebo loKwakha kunye noKwakha, i-AFL-CIO, emele abasebenzi abamalunga nesiqingatha sesigidi. Umbutho wawuchasa umthetho oyilwayo ngesiseko sengxoxo yokuba ukuncitshiswa kwethagethi ye-90 yepesenti yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kuya kukhubaza utyalo-mali kunye nokutsha. Kwimeko efanayo, kwileta eya kuSihlalo weKomiti ye-Senate yoLwabiwo-mthetho, iSekela likaMongameli we-State Building kunye neBhunga lezoRhwebo loLwakhiwo likhuthaze abenzi bomthetho baseCalifornia ukuba bamkele i-carbon capture and storage (CCS) iteknoloji njengesicwangciso sokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu.
Iimanyano ezimele abasebenzi bamafutha efosili nazo zayichasa i-AB 1395, kodwa akuqinisekwanga ukuba oku kungenxa yokuba umthetho oyilwayo awuzange uquke inkqubo yotshintsho. Iimanyano ezimele abasebenzi bamafutha efosili zikwaxhasa izicwangciso-qhinga zeCCS kunye nokwandisa iziseko ze-oyile nerhasi. Ilungu leNdibano uMuratsuchi wayenomnye umthetho oyilwayo kwinguqu nje yabasebenzi beshishini lefosili kunyaka ophelileyo, AB 1453, kodwa yabanjwa kwiKomiti yoLwabiwo lweNdibano.
U-AB 1395 usenokungafi ngokupheleleyo. Kusafaneleka ukuhamba kunye nelungu leNdibano uMuratsuchi kunye nabanye abalingane bakhe baya kuthetha nabachaphazelekayo kamva kulo nyaka, ngokutsho kuka-Ashley Labar, oyiNtloko yaBasebenzi kwiNdibano yeSizwe yaseCalifornia. Kodwa xa sijonga indlela imidla ehlanganiswe ngayo ngokuchasene ne-AB 1395, kuyathandabuzeka kakhulu ukuba ikamva letyala liza kurhoxiswa.
Into ehlekisayo ngasemva kweenzame zaseCalifornia zokujongana nengxaki yemozulu ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwaye ekugqibeleni ifumane ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni phakathi kwinkulungwane kukuba kukho indlela eneenkcukacha ekhoyo kurhulumente kunye nokuphunyezwa kwangoko. Yaveliswa ehlotyeni le 2021 liqela labaphandi elikhokelwa nguRobert Pollin kwiziko loPhando lwezoQoqosho elidumileyo (PERI) kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts-Amherst, kwaye sele lifumene ulwamkelo lwemibutho engaphezulu kwama-20, kuquka nemibutho emithathu yefosili. Luphononongo olubonisa ukuba iKhalifoniya ingafikelela kwiqanda elikhutshwayo ngo-2045 ngelixa ikwakhula kwezoqoqosho, kuquka nokudalwa kwemisebenzi emitsha engaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1 kwilizwe lonke ngeenkqubo zotyalo-mali kumandla ombane, iziseko ezingundoqo zoluntu, ukubuyiselwa komhlaba kunye nezolimo. Uphononongo lukwabandakanya inkqubo yenguqu eyomeleleyo, ebaluleke kakhulu ukusukela oko abasebenzi bamafutha efosili abayi kukuyeka ngokulula oko bakwaziyo ukuzifumanela bona (imisebenzi yemibutho ehlawula kakhulu enezibonelelo) emva kweminyaka emininzi yokusebenza nzima.
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