Njengoko imikhosi yokulwa yase-US irhoxa kumaziko asedolophini e-Iraq ngoLwesibini, iimpawu zokurhoxa okungaphelelanga ziye zanda. Amanye amajoni ahlala ezixekweni, iilebhile zabo zatshintsha ukusuka "kwimikhosi yokulwa" ukuya "kubaqeqeshi" okanye "abacebisi," ngelixa abanye befudukela kwiziseko ezisondele ngaphandle kwemida yesixeko. Nangona kunjalo, isivumelwano sokhuseleko sase-US-Iraq esamkelweyo ngoDisemba ophelileyo sifuna ukuba wonke umkhosi wase-US urhoxe elizweni nge-31 kaDisemba 2011, kwaye ivoti ezayo yevoti e-Iraq inokufuna ixesha elibekiweyo elikhawulezayo.
Ngaphantsi kwenyanga, abantu base-Iraqi banokuvotela ukuba semthethweni kwesivumelwano sokhuseleko, esivumela ubukho obuqhubekayo base-US e-Iraq. Ukuba i-Iraqis iyasikhaba isivumelwano, i-US kuya kufuneka ukuba ihoxise kwilizwe phakathi konyaka, ngokukhawuleza umhla wokugqibela ukuya kwi-30 kaJulayi 2010, ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano esitsha sixoxiwe ngaphambi koko. Kwaye ngokukaKate Gould, umncedisi wenkqubo yowiso-mthetho kumgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle kwiKomiti yaBahlobo kuMthetho weSizwe (FCNL), uthethathethwano lwesivumelwano esitsha samazwe amabini lubonakala lungenakwenzeka.
"Ukungavoti" kuya kuba ngumyalelo ochasene noluntu oluya kwenza uthethathethwano ngesivumelwano esitsha kunye norhulumente ohleliyo kube buhlungu kakhulu kwezopolitiko, ngoko ke uxinzelelo luya kuba kwi-US ukuba irhoxe ngonyaka omnye kwivoti ethandwayo. "Utshilo uGould.
Nangona umhla wokugqibela wokubamba i-referendum ezayo - i-30 kaJulayi - yakhiwe kwisivumelwano sokhuseleko, kwaye iPalamente yase-Iraqi ihleli izimisele ngokuqinileyo ngaloo mhla, uNdunankulu uNouri al-Maliki ngoku uzama ukurhoxisa ivoti. Ikhabhinethi yakhe ikhuphe ingxelo kweyeSilimela ibongoza ukuba ukuvota kulibaziseke kangangeenyanga ezintandathu. UMaliki uthe ukuhlehliswa konga imali nexesha, kuba uvoto lovoto lungadityaniswa nolonyulo lwepalamente kaJanuwari.
Uxinzelelo lwaseMelika lunokuba semva kwemizamo kaMaliki yokulibazisa - okanye mhlawumbi ukurhoxisa - ivoti, ngokutsho kukaRaed Jarrar, umcebisi we-Iraq kwiKomiti yeNkonzo yaBahlobo baseMelika.
Ngapha koko, inqaku laphakathi kuJuni New York Times lithi, "Oonozakuzaku baseMelika bacenga ngokuzolileyo kurhulumente ukuba angayibambi ireferendamu."
Amagosa ePentagon afolele ngokuchasene nethemba lokurhoxa okufutshane. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, iNtloko yomkhosi wabasebenzi u-Gen. George Casey waxela kwangaphambili ukuba i-US iya kugcina imikhosi yokulwa e-Iraq kude kube ngu-2019. Kwaye nangona isivumelwano sokhuseleko sigunyazisa ukuba yonke imikhosi yokulwa ihoxise ngo-2010, uNobhala wezoKhuseleko uRobert Gates uye wabonisa ukuba ama-brigades okulwa angahlala. e-Iraq ngaphaya kwaloo mhla wokugqibela phantsi kwengubo "yeengcebiso kunye noncedo lwe-brigades."
Ivoti ethi "hayi" kwireferendamu iya kubeka isitshixo kwezo zicwangciso, utshilo uCarolyn Eisenberg, usihlalo weqela elisebenzayo le-United for Peace and Justice.
"Ukuba i-referendum yase-Iraq ibibanjwe ngeshedyuli kwaye abantu base-Iraq bavotele iSOFA [isivumelwano sokhuseleko], kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kulawulo luka-Obama ukugcina imikhosi yase-US apho ngalo naliphi na ixesha elongeziweyo," utshilo u-Eisenberg.
Nangona kunjalo, isigunyaziso esivela kubantu base-Iraqi sinokunganeli ukugqithisela izicwangciso zePentagon ye-Iraq. Amagosa omkhosi aphezulu avakalise uloyiko lokuba aluzukuphumelela uvoto, esithi abakakulungeli ukurhoxa ngokukhawuleza. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, uGen. Raymond Odierno ucaphule i-referendum amaxesha amaninzi kwisindululo sakhe sokubamba iifoto zababanjwa bathuthunjiswa; wayenexhala lokuba ukukhutshwa kwemifanekiso kuya kukhuthaza abantu base-Iraqi ukuba babhukuqe isivumelwano sokhuseleko.
Ulawulo luka-Obama alukhange lubhengeze naziphi na izicwangciso zokuxhasa ukurhoxiswa ngokukhawuleza, xa kunokwenzeka ukuba i-referendum ingaphumeleli.
UGould uqaphela ukuba, ukuba isivumelwano sinokuvotelwa phantsi, amagosa ase-US anokungasihoyi.
"Sothukile kukuva abasebenzi abaninzi abaphezulu becebisa ukuba ukuba abantu baseIraqi ivota ngokuchasene nesivumelwano, i-US iya kuhlala e-Iraq kuba ayizimiselanga ukurhoxa kunyaka omnye," utshilo uGould. "Ukungakhathali kwe-US kwivoti ethandwayo e-Iraq ngobukho bayo kanye iya kuba yinto ecacileyo kunye necacileyo ecacileyo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi yase-Iraq. Ukubonisa nayiphi na intlonipho kwiminqweno yedemokhrasi yabantu base-Iraq, i-US kufuneka ilungiselele ezi ntlobo ezahlukeneyo zokurhoxiswa komkhosi. ." I-Congress ithatha inyathelo ngokuchasene nomsebenzi ongapheliyo
Njengoko iPalamente ityhalela kuvoto lwezimvo ngexesha elifanelekileyo e-Iraq, amavili omthetho ajikela kwicala lase-US ngokunjalo. Ukuchasana nokuqikelelwa kwePentagon yomsebenzi ongapheliyo, iCongress ngoku yenza iintshukumo ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili zokuqinisekisa ukuphela kobukho base-US e-Iraq.
Kufakwe kuMthetho woGunyaziso woKhuselo wonyaka olandelayo, opasiswe kakhulu yiNdlu kwiveki ephelileyo, lukholo lwethemba lokurhoxa ngokupheleleyo komkhosi.
Lo mthetho uyilwayo uya kufuna ukuba unobhala wezokhuselo angenise iingxelo ezibanzi kwiCongress rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-90, echaza inkqubela-phambili yokutsalwa kwemikhosi.
"Olu lwimi lwengxelo luloyiso olubalulekileyo kuba lolona phawu lunamandla kodwa iCongress izibophelele ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iPentagon ithobela ukurhoxa ngokupheleleyo kunye nezinye izibophelelo enazo phantsi kwesivumelwano sokhuseleko sase-US-Iraq," utshilo uGould. "Le mfuneko yokunika ingxelo epheleleyo evela kwi-Pentagon ibeka isiseko sokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-US ifumana ukusuka kwi-130,000 yamajoni ukuya kwi-zero kwiminyaka emibini enesiqingatha."
Ukongeza ekwenzeni lukhuni umhla wokugqibela ka-2011, ulwimi lunegalelo kwinto efuneka kakhulu yokungafihli kwinkqubo yokurhoxiswa. Iingxelo ezifunekayo, ezingeniswe rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu, ziya kubandakanya inani labasebenzi basemkhosini base-US e-Iraq, ukubalwa kofakelo lomkhosi oluvaliweyo okanye oludityanisiweyo, uqikelelo lwezinto ezinxulumene nomkhosi (umzekelo, izixhobo kunye nezithuthi) ezisusiweyo e-Iraq, kunye isishwankathelo esicacileyo semisebenzi yamabanjwa ase-US, phakathi kolunye ulwazi. NgokukaGould, isigunyaziso sokunika ingxelo siya kubaluleka ngakumbi ukuba i-Iraqis ivota "hayi" kwireferendamu, ukuze kubekwe iliso kwizinto ezingalindelekanga, ukwehla ngokukhawuleza.
Iimfuno zokunika ingxelo zivuma inyani ngamanye amaxesha-engahoywayo: Nangona imfazwe yase-Iraq ingasalawuleki kwizihloko, indlela emdaka yokurhoxa iseza, kunye nemiqobo yezopolitiko evelayo kwinqanaba ngalinye lendlela.
"Izithembiso zikaMongameli Obama ziye zaqinisekisa abantu abaninzi baseMelika ukuba iMfazwe yase-Iraq iphelile," utshilo u-Eisenberg. "Enyanisweni, umkhosi wase-US uyaqhubeka nokulwa. Ukuze sifezekise uxolo, sifuna ukurhoxiswa ngokukhawuleza nangokupheleleyo kwemikhosi yaseMelika kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko yabucala kunokuba kucwangcisiwe ngoku."
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