Isigqibo kwiveki ephelileyo nguRhulumente kaMongameli uRafael Correa e-Ecuador sokurhoxisa amakhulu aliqela emvumelwano yemigodi sibonisa umdla wakhe wokulawula kwakhona icandelo elingekaphuhliswa. Nangona kunjalo, ayizisombululi iingxabano zoluntu ezixhaphakileyo, kwaye ayiyi kukhokelela ekuphenduleni iziphakamiso ezivela kuluntu oluchaphazelekayo.
NgoLwesihlanu ophelileyo, uMphathiswa weMigodi we-Ecuador weMigodi kunye nePetroleum ubhengeze ukuba uyayicima izivumelwano zemigodi ye-587, kuquka ezimbini kwezithathu ezibanjwe yi-Ascendant Copper Corporation yaseCanada kwintlambo esenyakatho-ntshona ye-Intag. I-Intag yenye yeendawo ezininzi zongquzulwano olukhulu lwentlalo kwilizwe liphela ngenxa yeenzame zokuvula icandelo elikhulu lezemigodi yesinyithi elizweni. Uluntu lwase-Intag, ebeluququzelela ngokuchasene nemisebenzi yezimayini ukusukela oko umbutho waseJapan ubambe amalungelo ezimbiwa phaya phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-90s, baphinde bavakalisa ukuchasa kwabo ukusebenza kwemigodi kunikwe iimpembelelo ezilindelekileyo kuluntu olukufutshane kunye namahlathi ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo.
ULuis Robalino, uCeba kaMasipala waseCotacachi, kwidolophu ekuyo i-Intag, uthi ngelixa abahlali base-Intag befumana iindaba ezilungileyo, abakawaboni amaxwebhu asemthethweni. Wongezelela ukuba bangathanda ukubona imvume yesithathu ye-Ascendant irhoxisiwe, ngenxa yokuba "bonke banikwe ngaphandle kokubonisana noluntu kwaye ngenxa yoko zonke azihambelani nomgaqo-siseko."
Ukuchasana kukaCorrea
Ngaphaya koko, ukuphikisana okuthile kwimeko karhulumente kuthetha ukuba nabo bazithatha ngononophelo iindaba. Ngexesha lentetho yakhe yonyaka yokuqala esizweni kwiveki ephelileyo, uMongameli uRafael Correa uvakalise umdla wokudala inkampani yezemigodi elawulwa ngurhulumente kunye nokuhlaziya umthetho wemigodi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba urhulumente uyahlawulwa.
"Isikhundla se-Intag," utshilo uRobalino, "akukho kwimigodi, nokuba yeyenkampani yamazwe ngamazwe okanye karhulumente, kwaye ewe kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo." Bakhuthazwe kukurhoxiswa kwezinye iimvume zemigodi, kodwa baya kuqhubeka nokubukela iindaba ukuze babone okwenzekayo kwiiveki ezizayo. Ukuba urhulumente uthatha isigqibo sokuvuma ngokukhawuleza umthetho omtsha wemigodi ngokomzekelo, utsho, ngelixa enokuthi aphinde asasaze izibonelelo kunokubangela "kwimeko efanayo" kuluntu olufana ne-Intag. "Besingakhululeka kwi-Ascendant Copper, kodwa emva koko iRio Tinto yayiza kufika, okanye enye inkampani edibeneyo nenkampani karhulumente."
U-Robalino ukwacinga ukuba amanyathelo athathwa ngurhulumente angaphambuka kumsebenzi weNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe yokuhlengahlengisa nokubhala ngokutsha umgaqo-siseko. "Kuya kwenzeka ntoni," ucinga uRobalino, "ukuba umgaqo-siseko omtsha ufikelela kwimvumelwano kunye nomnqweno woninzi lwee-campesinos kunye noluntu kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokukhawulela imisebenzi engazinzanga, ukwamkela imodeli ezinzileyo yophuhliso?" Ukwenza uhlaziyo kwicandelo lezemigodi ngaphambi kokuba iNdibano igqibe ukuhlengahlengisa nokubhala umgaqo-siseko omtsha "ayinangqiqo." Ngenxa yokuba ukuba imodeli entsha efana nale yamkelwe, uthi, "imigodi ayiyi kufaneleka."
Umongameli weNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, u-Alberto Acosta, ubhengeze kwiveki ephelileyo ukuba indibano iya kuba ilungele ukubonisa umbhalo wabo omtsha womgaqo-siseko wama-20 we-Ecuador ngoMeyi 24. Isicatshulwa kuya kufuneka sivunywe kwireferendamu kazwelonke ekulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ngoJulayi.
Ngaphezu koko, ngaphambi kokukhuthaza imisebenzi yezimayini, uRobalino wongezelela, inkqubo yobulungisa e-Ecuador kufuneka iqiniswe kwaye uluntu kufuneka "luqinisekiswe ilungelo lokubonisana apho banokuthi ewe okanye hayi." Kungoko kuphela, athi, "kwimeko apho uluntu luthi ewe, kufuneka luqhubeke ngelixa luthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko."
Hayi kwiMigodi, Ewe kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo
Amaqela asuka kwi-Intag ebethatha inxaxheba kubathunywa abaliqela kwiNdibano yoMgaqo-siseko yeSizwe kwezi veki zidlulileyo ukuza kunikezela ngezindululo zabo zesakhelo somgaqo-siseko omtsha kunye novavanyo. Kutshanje, kunye neNdibano yeSizwe yezokusiNgqongileyo baye banikezela ngezindululo ezibandakanya ukubhangiswa kwazo zonke iimvume zemigodi kunye nokuthintelwa kwazo zonke iiprojekthi ezinokuthi zibe nomonakalo omkhulu kwinkcubeko nakwindalo esingqongileyo, kubandakanywa amadama ombane amakhulu, kunye nemigodi emikhulu, ukutsalwa kweoyile, kunye nemfanzi. iiprojekthi zokulima.
Baphakamisa ukuba ilizwe lityale imali kwi-agro-ecology, ukhenketho, ishishini elincinci kunye neliphakathi, linomdla okhethekileyo kwimisebenzi yombane olawulwa kakhulu luluntu lwasekhaya, imibutho, oorhulumente basemaphandleni kunye noomasipala. La manyathelo amva anjalo anokuba negalelo ekutshalweni kwakhona kwamahlathi, utyalo-mali lwentlalo, phakathi kwamanye anokwenzeka utsho uRobalino. Kwimeko apho ezinye iindlela zamashishini atsalwayo zithathelwa ingqalelo, ezifana nokumbiwa kwe-artisan subterranean, u-Robalino uthi itekhnoloji efanelekileyo kuya kufuneka iqale ivavanywe. Ukusebenza kweteknoloji enjalo "kuya kufuneka kuboniswe iminyaka eliqela kwenye indawo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zendalo."
Ngaphandle kwe-Intag, uninzi loluntu kunye nemibutho enxulumeneyo ebijongene nezidubedube kwezentlalo ngenxa yophononongo olukhulu lwemigodi yesinyithi ithathe inxaxheba kubathunywa kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe. Ummandla osemazantsi welizwe uchaphazeleka ngokukhethekileyo, ngamakhulu ezimbiwa ezisasazwe kuwo wonke loo mmandla weentaba osemazantsi nommandla osemazantsi weAmazonia. Izindululo ezohlukeneyo zivakalisa umdla kumzekelo wophuhliso osekelwe kwi-agro-ecology kunye nokhenketho, kugxilwe kumalungelo amanzi kunye nokongamela kokutya kumgaqo-siseko omtsha.
Utyalo-mali lwaseKhanada lulawula icandelo
Akukho projekthi yokwembiwa kwentsimbi e-Ecuador engekangeni kwimveliso, nangona icandelo liphuhla, ngakumbi ukusukela oko uphononongo lwemali lweBhanki yeHlabathi phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-90s lwakhokelela ekuyekisweni komthetho wemigodi, ngo-2000. Iiprojekthi ezibalaseleyo e-Ecuador zikhokelwa ziinkampani ezixhaswa ngemali yaseCanada ezibandakanya i-IAMGOLD, i-Corriente Resources, i-Aurelian Resources, i-IMC, i-Dynasty Metals kunye neMigodi, kunye ne-Cornerstone Resources. ICanada ikwangoyena mtyali-mali mkhulu kwicandelo le-Ecuador elitsalela ama-94% oTyalo-mali oluNgqo lwelizwe lwaNgaphandle ngo-2006.
UJennifer Moore, ALAI.
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