NgoLwesihlanu welanga elangeni ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kwakukho umoya ongaqhelekanga wokwesaba kwiBritish Trade Union Congress (TUC) yendibano yamalungu enyanga ye-Make in Poverty History (MPH). Amagosa akhawuleza axelela ulwamkelo ngemiyalelo yokhuseleko yomzuzu wokugqibela: โNifanele niqiniseke ukuba ngamalungu endibano kuphela angeniswayo,โ omnye wayalela. 'Intlanganiso ivulelekile kuluntu, kodwa ngamalungu oluntu kuphela eMakethe iMbali yeNtlupheko.'
Imithambo-luvo yayiqondakala. Amabali amabini amabi malunga ne-MPH ayeza kuqhawuka kushicilelo lwelizwe laseBritane. Ibali eliqweqwe le-Bhritane-ekhohlo veki nganye, uNew Statesman, 'Kutheni i-Oxfam isilela iAfrika', uveze umsindo onzulu phakathi kwamalungu omanyano lwe-MPH kubudlelwane be-Oxfam 'nomnyango ojikelezayo' namagosa karhulumente wase-UK kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, eyityhola ngokuvumela iBritane. oosopolitiki ababini abanamandla, iNkulumbuso uTony Blair kunye neNgqonyela uGordon Brown, ukuba badibanise i-MPH njengephambili kwi-New Labour's own driveable anti-intlupheko drive.
I-Sunday Telegraph yasekunene, okwangoku, inike isaziso sokothusayo yodwa malunga nokuba makhulu kangakanani na i-wristband emhlophe ye-MPH ekhoyo yonke indawo - olona phawu lweli phulo-yaye yafunyanwa ngokwazi ukusuka kwi-sweatshops yaseTshayina ngentsikelelo ye-Oxfam.
Ngaphakathi kwe-MPH, nangona kunjalo, izityhilelo ezihlazo azizange zothuse. Kwezi nyanga zintandathu zidlulileyo, ezinye zee-NGO ezikhokelayo zophuhliso kunye nezokusingqongileyo ziye zanda amazwi ekungazithembini malunga nephulo eliphakamileyo kwi-octane yabantu abadumileyo kodwa ephantsi kwezopolitiko. Umntu omnye wangaphakathi, osebenzayo kwiqela elisebenzayo le-MPH, uxoxa ukuba 'bekusoloko kukho iyantlukwano epheleleyo phakathi komyalezo ovunyelwene ngedemokhrasi wephulo lethu likawonkewonke kunye nelona spin elibulisa ihlabathi langaphandle'. Unomsindo:
'Iimfuno zethu zokwenyani kurhwebo, uncedo kunye namatyala, kunye nokugxeka umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wase-UK kumazwe asakhasayo ziye zaginywa ngokuqhubekayo ngamaqela amhlophe, abantu abadumileyo kunye nendumiso phezu kokudumisa uBlair noBrown phambi kwezinye iinkokeli zehlabathi kule miba.'
Ngokuqinisekileyo ayisiyiyo le nto babecinga ngayo abakhankasi emva ngasekupheleni kuka-2003 xa i-Oxfam yaqalisa uthotho lweentlanganiso ezingekho sikweni kunye nemibutho yesisa kunye nemibutho ekhankasela ukuseka umanyano olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili oluchasene nentlupheko ngo-2005 ukuze ludibane nomongameli wase-UK wazo zombini ingqungquthela ye-G8 kunye ne-EU, Iminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yovavanyo lwenkqubela kwiiNjongo zoPhuhliso lweMileniyam ye-UN (ii-MDGs) ekuvunyelwene ngazo ngo-2000, iNtlanganiso yaBaphathiswa be-WTO yesi-6 eHong Kong, kunye nesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-20 yoNcedo oluPhila.
NgoSeptemba ka-2004, imbumba yeMake Poverty History yaphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni njengentlangano yase-UK yomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe, i-Global Call to Action Against Poverty (G-CAP), ekhokelwa yi-Oxfam International, Action Aid kunye ne-DATA โ imibutho yesisa yaseAfrika ephikisanayo yasekwa. ngu U2 frontman, Bono kunye multi-billionaires, George Soros, kunye Microsoft Bill Gates, oyena mntu wesibini isityebi ehlabathini onethamsanqa ngaphantsi nje $50 billion.
Ukusukela ngoko, i-MPH ibe lumanyano olukhuthaza ukhankaso, iqhayisa ngaphezulu kwemibutho engamalungu angama-460 equka zonke iimanyano zabasebenzi ezinkulu kunye neTUC, ii-NGOs zophuhliso, imibutho yesisa, iicawe kunye neqela lenkolo kunye namaqela aphuma ngaphandle. Umxube ophumeleleyo wabaxhasi abadumileyo kunye nomyalezo ochasene nentlupheko uthabathe ingqalelo yabo bobabini abezopolitiko kunye nemithombo yeendaba, efakwe kwi-hysteria ekufutshane emva kokubhengezwa ngumdlali we-rock kunye nomkhankaseli wase-Afrika, uBob Geldof, ukuba uthotho lweekonsathi zasimahla eLondon. , Paris, Philadelphia, Rome, and Berlin yayiza kwenzeka phantsi kwebhena 'Live 8' ukuhambelana nephulo le-MPH lokuphembelela ingqungquthela ye-G8 e-Gleneagles, eScotland ngoJulayi.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwempumelelo, kukho ukungonwabi okuxhaphakileyo ngaphakathi komdibaniso phezu kobuso bephulo loluntu kunye nobudlelwane bayo kuBlair noBrown. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba ephepheni ubuncinci, iimfuno zomgaqo-nkqubo we-MPH kurhulumente wase-UK zingqongqo, ngakumbi iminxeba yakhe 'yobulungisa borhwebo hayi urhwebo lwasimahla', oluya kufuna amazwe e-G8 kunye ne-EU, ngakumbi i-UK, ukuba ayeke ukunyanzela ngemigaqo-nkqubo yentengiso yasimahla. kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo njengenxalenye yoncedo, izivumelwano zorhwebo okanye ukukhulula amatyala. I-MPH ikwatsho ukuba amazwe atyebileyo kufuneka aphinde aphindwe kabini ngoncedo lwe-50bn ngonyaka kwaye ekugqibeleni ahlangane nezithembiso ze-35 zeminyaka ubudala zokuchitha ipesenti ze-0.7 zomvuzo wabo welizwe kuncedo lophuhliso. Uncedo oluninzi kunye olungcono, okwangoku, kufuneka luhambelane nokucinywa kwamatyala 'angenakuhlawulwa' kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo kwihlabathi 'ngenkqubo yezizwe ngezizwe enobulungisa necacileyo' esebenzisa imali entsha, kungekhona uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali loncedo oluncitshisiweyo. Ngeefowuni ezongezelelweyo zokulawulwa kwezizwe ngezizwe kunye nedemokhrasi ye-IMF kunye neBhanki yehlabathi, uJohn Hilary, uMlawuli wamaPhulo we-NGO yophuhliso yase-UK, iWar on Want, unenqaku xa esithi imigaqo-nkqubo ye-MPH 'ibetha entliziyweni ye-neo. -i-ajenda yenkululeko.'
Ingxaki, nangona kunjalo, kukuba xa le migaqo-nkqubo igqithiselwa kubaphulaphuli bakawonke-wonke, iphantse ibonakale ingabonakali kwezo zikaRhulumente wase-UK. Oku kwabuyiswa kwakhona ngoMatshi walo nyaka xa iKomishoni kaBlair eyayiyekelelene ngokunzulu yeAfrika yathi yabeka izindululo zayo zeneoliberal zokuphangwa kwabantu kunye nobutyebi bendalo baseAfrika phantsi kwezihloko ezifanayo ezisetyenziswa yi-MPH - 'ubulungisa borhwebo', 'ukulahla ityala' kunye 'uncedo oluninzi nolungcono'. Ukubuyisela, amaninzi amalungu e-MPH, ekhokelwa yi-Oxfam kunye ne-TUC, amkele ngokufudumeleyo iingcebiso zengxelo. Njengoko u-Yao Graham waseGhana esenza kucace kwi-Red Pepper kaJulayi, uluntu lwase-Afrika alunamdla kangako kwingxelo yeKomishoni, ethi ibeka i-brueprint 'ye-scramble entsha ye-Afrika'.
Enkosi ngokuvezwa kweNew Statesman, uninzi lwetyala libekwe kubunkokeli be-Oxfam - eyona arhente inkulu nenamandla e-UK yophuhliso. Ngaphandle komfanekiso wayo ojonge abahlwempuzekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, i-Oxfam iye yasisikolo esondlayo sabacebisi abakhethekileyo bakarhulumente kunye namagosa eBhanki yeHlabathi kwaye inobudlelwane obusondeleyo nabaSebenzi abatsha. Umcebisi okhethekileyo kaBlair kuphuhliso lwamazwe aphesheya, uJustin Forsyth, ngaphambili wayengumphathi wamaphulo e-Oxfam. Inombolo echasene ne-Forsyth kwi-Oxfam yilungu lebhodi ye-Oxfam, u-Shriti Vadera, owayengumlawuli kwi-bhanki yase-US, i-UBS Warburg, kunye nengcali kwintsebenziswano yoluntu-yabucala, umgaqo-nkqubo ochitha ingxelo yeKhomishini ye-Afrika. Ongaziwa kakhulu nguJohn Clark, owashiya iOxfam waya kwiBhanki yeHlabathi ngo-1992 waya kujoyina iBhanki yeHlabathi apho wayenoxanduva lwesicwangciso seBhanki sokusebenzisana noluntu phambi kokuba acebise uTony Blair ngo-2000 nge-'Africa Partnership Initiative' yakhe ngqo. yakhokelela kwiNtsebenziswano eNtsha yoPhuhliso lwe-Afrika (NEPAD) ngo-2001. Embindini we-MPH nguSarah Kline we-Oxfam, owayesakuba ligosa leBhanki yeHlabathi noyintshatsheli 'yengxoxo eyakhayo' yombutho kunye ne-IMF kunye neBhanki yehlabathi.
Ukuzimela kwezopolitiko kwe-Oxfam kulawulo lwe-neoliberal ikwafakwa emngciphekweni yi-ยฃ40m okanye ingeniso yayo yonyaka evela kurhulumente okanye kwezinye iimali zoluntu. Phantse i-ยฃ 14m yodwa ivela kwiSebe loPhuhliso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (i-DfID), eyintshatsheli enkulu yokuthengisa izinto zabucala kunye neenzuzo zayo kwiinkampani zase-UK kumazwe asakhulayo. Kule nto, i-Oxfam ayisiyiyo yodwa โ phantse yonke i-NGO yophuhliso e-Bhritane ikuluhlu lwemivuzo ye-DfID. Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukuba uthathe kwaye usebenzise imali karhulumente ngenkqubela-phambili ngelixa ugxeka imigaqo-nkqubo yabaxhasi, izixa ezikhulu zenkxaso-mali karhulumente ngokuqinisekileyo zinempembelelo ukuba i-Oxfam iya kuyikhupha kangakanani na intamo yayo kwezopolitiko kunye nomngcipheko wokunciphisa inkxaso-mali kwixesha elizayo.
Imithombo yezemali ye-Oxfam engalinganiyo kunye neprofayile yoluntu ekhoyo iyenza ibe ngowona mbutho unamandla kumanyano lwe-MPH. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ingeniso yonyaka ye-Oxfam ingaphezulu kwe-180 yezigidi zeerandi - ngokuphindwe kathathu imali efunyenwe yimbangi yayo ekufutshane, i-Christian Aid, kunye ne-NGOs eyongezelelekileyo yophuhliso lwentlalo-ntle efana ne-WDM kunye ne-War on Want ezibetha ngaphezulu kobunzima bazo kwi-ยฃ1m nganye. . Loo mahluko wobutyebi ngokungaphephekiyo uguqulela kwicala elithathwe yimbumba, ingakumbi umfanekiso wayo eluntwini. Umkhosi we-Oxfam wamagosa eendaba, abaphandi kunye namagosa ephulo ngokwendalo banokusebenzisa amathuba amakhulu eendaba aveliswa liphulo.
Kodwa ukwenza i-Oxfam ibe yi-scapegoat yokubambisana kwe-MPH nguMsebenzi oMtsha iphosa indima ephambili edlalwe nguComic Relief kunye nomseki wayo odumileyo, umlawuli wefilimu, uRichard Curtis. Njengomnye wababhali bamabali ahlekisayo baseBhritane, uCurtis wadubula waduma ngeminyaka yoo-1980 ngothotho lweTV ethi Blackadder, kunye neengoma zakhe ezibhalwayo ezinjengoMnumzana Bean, uVicar kaDibley, kunye nomboniso bhanyabhanya we-blockbuster, imitshato emine kunye nomngcwabo. Ubutyebi nodumo kuye kwabakho amandla amakhulu ezopolitiko. Ngo-2001, i-Bhritane ye-broadsheet yemihla ngemihla, i-Guardian, yambeka kwindawo ye-10 ngoyena mntu unamandla kwishishini leendaba lase-UK, phambi kwakhe wonke umhleli wephephandaba lesizwe, ngaphandle kukaPaul Dacre weDaily Mail.
Ukuzinikela kukaCurtis ekunyuseni imali ye-Afrika kubuyela kwi-1985 xa, ekuphakameni kwendlala yase-Ethiopia, watyelela iinkampu zababaleki njengondwendwe lwase-Oxfam. Yayingamava atshintsha ubomi bakhe kwaye ekubuyeleni kwakhe eLondon wacenga abahlobo be-showbiz ukuba baseke i-Comic Relief, isisa esikhokelwa ngabantu abadumileyo esebenzisa indlela yamahlaya ukwazisa bobabini ngentlupheko, indlala kunye nezifo e-Afrika, kunye neemali ezinkulu imali kwizinto ezinjalo.
Ngaphandle kwempumelelo emangalisayo ekuziseni ibhekoni - ngaphezulu kwe-337 yezigidi zeedola ukusukela oko yaqalayo - imiboniso kamabonakude kaComic Relief rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini iyagxekwa ngokuswela kwabo kwezopolitiko kunye nokubonakaliswa okungachanekanga kweAfrika njengelizwekazi-ilizwe elidlakazwe ziintlekele zendalo. kunye nezizwe ezilwayo โ iindima zobukholoniyali, i-IMF kunye neenkqubo zohlengahlengiso lwezakhiwo zeBhanki yeHlabathi kunye namaqumrhu aseNtshona awaziboni.
Indlela yePolitical ye-Comic Relief e-Afrika ibaluleke kakhulu kwingxoxo-mpikiswano ngaphakathi kwi-MPH. Kuba ngelixa uBono kunye noGoldof befumana ukukhanya kwaye i-Oxfam ilawula i-ajenda yomgaqo-nkqubo, nguRichard Curtis okwisihlalo sokuqhuba sikamatshini wokwazisa obalulekileyo we-MPH.
Amandla kaCurtis ngokuyinxenye alele kwimali kunye nemithombo yoluntu ayizisayo kwiphulo. Uye waqinisekisa ngokwakhe i-bankrolling ye-MPH, ekholisa i-Scottish multi-millioniire business tycoon, uSir Tom Hunter, ukuba anikele nge-ยฃ 1m kwiphulo, kunye nabaphathi beentengiso ukuba banikele ngaphezu kwe-ยฃ 4m ye-airtime yamahhala. Oku kuye kwanceda ukunyusa intengiso yakhe ethi 'Cofa' kwihlabathi liphela apho iifilimu zehlabathi kunye nomculo we-mega-stars, njengoGeorge Clooney, uBono noKylie Minogue, benxibe isikipa esimhlophe esipheleleyo kunye ne-wristband regalia, bacofa iminwe yabo rhoqo ngemizuzwana emithathu ukuphawula omnye umntwana. ukufa eAfrika. UCurtis usebenzise incwadi yakhe yedilesi yomntu odumileyo ukuze aqinisekise ukuba amaqonga e-MPH, iminyhadala kunye nesicwangciso esipheleleyo se-PR siyavuza nabantu abadumileyo.
Ngelixa uninzi lwamalungu e-MPH lusamkela ngombulelo ukuba inkxaso kaCurtis yosaziwayo ibiyinxalenye yempumelelo yentengiso yephulo (intengiso ye-MPH emhlophe ye-wristband iphantse ibe zizigidi ezi-4 kwaye iwebhusayithi ifumana amawaka okubetha ngomzuzu), abanye bakholelwa ukuba beze nobunzima kakhulu. ixabiso. Okokuqala kukho indima ethandabuzekayo kaMhlekazi uTom Hunter, akukho philanthropist iqhelekileyo inxibe ngokubukhali. Ixabisa i-678 yezigidi zeerandi, isisa sakhe seHunter Foundation singamandla evangeli emva kobudlelwane phakathi koluntu nolwabucala kunye noshishino lwabantwana eSkotlani. Ukusukela ngo-2001, iye yanceda inkxaso-mali kwiNkqubo yeShishini yeZikolo zeScottish Executive apho icandelo labucala linceda ukuqeqesha abantwana abancinci abahlanu kwimimangaliso yeshishini.
U-Ewan Hunter, i-CEO ye-Hunter Foundation, uyakukhaba oku kuchazwa kwesikimu 'njengempazamo ngokupheleleyo', kwaye uthi 'linyathelo elikhokelayo kwihlabathi' ukuxhasa isimo sengqondo 'sokwenza' ebantwaneni: 'Ngerekhodi esidibana nayo ngokubanzi. imibutho yabasebenzi echaphazelekayo, amabhunga, oorhulumente, abafundisi-ntsapho nabantwana ngaphambi kokuba bavumelane naluphi na utyalo-mali kwimfundo.โ Qaphela ukuba akabuchasi ngokwenene ubuhlobo boshishino nomntwana.
Kutshanje uTom Hunter ubangele isaqhwithi nakwi-right-wing tabloid press xa eqala ukuthengisa i-charity ekhethekileyo ye-8-MPH emhlophe ye-wristbands egxininiswe ngelogo yeempawu zefashoni ezintandathu zehlabathi, kubandakanya uHilfiger Denim umnini wakhe, uTommy Hilfiger Corporation, utyholwa ngu. abakhankasi bamalungelo abasebenzi bokukhangela iimpahla zabo kwiisweatshops ezichasene nomanyano eLatin America naseMpuma Asia.
NgokukaStephen Coats, uMlawuli oyiNtloko weChicago-based US/Labor Education in the Americas Project ebeka iliso kwaye exhasa amalungelo asisiseko abasebenzi baseLatin America, irekhodi labasebenzi likaHilfiger liyasilela kwimigangatho emincinci:
โKumava ethu, uTommy Hilfiger usezantsi kuludwe ekuboniseni ukwala ukwamkela uxanduva ngendlela abaphathwa ngayo abasebenzi.โ
Emuva ngo-Okthobha ka-2003, inkampani yatyholwa ngabakhankaseli bamalungelo abasebenzi ngokusika nokubaleka uxanduva lwayo ukuya kubasebenzi xa kwafunyaniswa ubungqina bokuphathwa gadalala kwabasebenzi kumzi-mveliso wejean oluhlaza waseTarrant e-Ajalpan, eMexico.
Ezi zityhilelo ziphinde zashiya abakhankaseli beMbali yeNtlupheko benomsindo ngenxa yokungcoliswa kophawu lwabo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokunxulumana neenkampani ezichasene nabasebenzi.
Imfazwe kwi-Want's UJohn Hilary uthetha ngabaninzi ngaphakathi kwe-MPH xa esithi ngaphandle kokuba u-Hilfiger uguqule ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba 'ayisilo uhlobo lwenkampani esinokufuna ukudibanisa nayo'.
Emva koko kukho i-Abbot Mead Vickers (i-AMV), i-arhente enkulu yokukhangisa yase-UK eye yasebenza ngaphambili kwi-Comic Relief kwaye iziswe ekuncedeni isicwangciso sonxibelelwano lwephulo. Phakathi kwezindululo ezininzi ze-AMV โezingachanekanga ngokwezopolitikoโ ezakhatywayo ngamalungu e-MPH anomsindo yayiliphulo lebhodi yezaziso ekwinqanaba eliphezulu apho imifanekiso kaGhandi noNelson Mandela yayiza kuhlala ecaleni kukaGordon Brown, nombhalo othi โ2005โยฆ?โ. Umyalezo wesibhengezo wawucacile: lo ingaba ngunyaka apho uBrown ngokwakhe eba 'yindoda yembali', edibanisa i-G8 kwidini lokugqibela lokulahla ityala le-Afrika ukuba lithathe indawo yakhe kunye nabafeli-nkolo ababini bokulwa nobukoloniyali.
Ngokungamangalisiyo, esi siphakamiso sihlekisayo sokwenza ukulingana phakathi kwabo ubomi babo buzinikele ekulweni impiriyali yabamhlophe, kunye nendoda efuna ukuyijika iAfrika ibe yindawo enkulu yorhwebo olukhululekileyo egameni lezizwe ngezizwe zaseNtshona, yavalwa ngamalungu amaninzi anomsindo enza iMbali yeNtlupheko. . Kodwa ukungakhathali okunjalo kuza kunye ne-turf: abathengi beenkampani ze-AMV abaquki kuphela i-Pepsi Cola, i-Pfizer, i-Sainbury, i-Camelot, kunye ne-Economist kodwa, ngokumangalisayo, i-Diageo, iziselo zamazwe ngamazwe ezenzeka ukuba zingabanini beHotele i-Gleneagles apho iinkokeli ze-G8 ziza kuhlangana khona. , kwaye ngumtyali-mali omkhulu e-Afrika.
NgokukaLucy Michaels ovela kuphando olusekwe e-UK kunye nombutho wokukhankasela, iCorporate Watch, iDiageo inerekhodi yokuphembelela i-OECD kunye namazwe e-G8 ukuba atyhale utyalo-mali olukhulu kumazwe asaphuhlayo kwaye imisebenzi yayo ye-PR e-Afrika iphikisana kakhulu:
'I-Diageo ikhuthaza ngokukrakra iimveliso zayo e-Afrika ngokuhlasela enye imveliso ye-micro-scale yelizwekazi eliphambili-ukwenza utywala ekhaya. Kutshanje ikhuphe 'iNgxelo yobuMmi bobuNxibelelwano baseMpuma Afrika' apho ibhale utywala obungafakwanga igama njengobubeka 'imingcipheko yempilo kunye nentlalontle', ngaphandle kobungqina obuvela kwiziko leMigaqo yeMigaqo yoTywala yaMazwe ngaMazwe, exhaswa ngemali nguDiageo, ukuba utywala 'obungekho mthethweni' ikumgangatho ophezulu ngokubanzi kwaye ibalulekile kuqoqosho lwekhaya nolwengingqi.'
Kodwa eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu yokubandakanyeka kukaCurtis, abagxeki bathi, kuye kwaba kungenelelo lwakhe lobuqu kunxibelelwano loluntu lwe-MPH ukuze aqinisekise ukuba iipolitiki zingcwatywa rhoqo ngubuntu njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sakhe sobuqu kunye nesingenakuphendula ngokupheleleyo sokutshintsha umgaqo-nkqubo we-G8: ' Ifilosofi kaRichard iye yabonakala kabuhlungu kuye wonke umntu kwi-MPH,' omnye umgxeki uyaxoxa. 'Ukholelwa ukuba kufuneka sixhase iinzame zikaRhulumente wase-UK ukuzisa amanye amazwe e-G8 kumgca walo woncedo kunye namatyala, kwaye ugxininisa ukuba uBrown noBlair akufanele bagxekwe.'
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ukruthakruthwano luye lwafikelela entloko xa amalungu ayecela umngeni kumahluko phakathi kwesikhundla ekuvunyelwene ngaso yi-MPH kunye nephulo lokuxhasa urhulumente. Impendulo evela kwigosa eliphambili le-Comic Relief yayikukuba uCurtis 'wafumana kunzima' ukujikela urhulumente ngenxa yobuhlobo bakhe bobuqu noGordon Brown. Ubungakanani bobudlelwane bukaCurtis-Brown butyhilwe kumabonwakude welizwe eliphambili ngoMgqibelo we-25 Juni kwifilimu ye-BBC ye-Curtis 1, Intombazana ekwiCafรฉ (ibhengezwe nge-bizzarely njengoko iboniswa kwi-Afrika iphela).
Ibali lothando phakathi kukaGina, umkhankasi oselula ocingayo, kunye noLawrence, umcebisi weChancellor enzima kodwa enenkathalo kaGordon Brown, onceda isithandwa sakhe esitsha ukuba sifumane abaphulaphuli kunye neenkokeli zehlabathi kwingqungquthela ye-G8 e-Iceland kwaye ekhuthaza urhulumente wase-UK. ukunyanzelisa 'ukwenza imbali yentlupheko'. UBrown ude waya kumboniso bhanyabhanya waseScottish ngoMeyi kumnyhadala owawuququzelelwe ngumgcini-mali we-MPH, uTom Hunter, osele ekwazile ukuLuhlu loMhlonipho woMhla wokuzalwa kaKumkanikazi.
Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, ayimangalisi into yokuba inani lee-NGOs kwi-MPH kutshanje bazive benyanzelekile ukuba bazame ukujongela phantsi i-Oxfam-Curtis-Brown axis ngokwenza ukuba ukungonwabi kwabo kwaziwe kumaphephandaba. Ukuwa okwalandelayo kukhokelele ekubeni amalungu e-MPH avume ukude ngokukhawuleza umdibaniso kurhulumente ngokuleqa phambili kwiiveki ezininzi ingxelo egxeka umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wase-UK. Noko ke, ukuphumla kwaba kokwexeshana. Ubhukuqo-mbuso lwenze isibhengezo sakutsha nje sokuba uGordon Brown umenyiwe kwi-rally ye-2 kaJulayi e-Edinburgh.
Udano ngekhe lube lukhulu ukuba bekukho isininzi sokwenyani kunye nedemokhrasi kwiinkqubo zolungiselelo ze-MPH. Kodwa njengoko i-G8 isondela, ii-apparatchik ze-MPH ziye zahamba ixesha elide ukuze ziqinisekise ukuba kuza i-2 kaJulayi rally e-Edinburgh, kuphela i-brand, umyalezo we-monolithic kunye nezithethi ze-MPH zibonwa kwaye ziviwa.
Iwebhusayithi ye-MPH iyasilela nokuvuma olunye uqhanqalazo, iminyhadala kunye namaqela afana ne-Disent, i-Trident Plowshares kunye ne-G8Alternatives, kodwa bona ngokwabo bakhuthaza wonke umntu ukuba ahambe kwaye axhase i-rally ye-MPH. IQela lokuQuquzelela le-MPH, elibandakanya i-Oxfam, i-Comic Relief kunye ne-TUC, liye laphinda kabini ngamxhelo ukuvala isicelo se-Stop the War Coalition's (STWC) sokujoyina i-MPH ngezizathu ze-Orwellian zokuba imiba yobulungisa kwezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso yahlukile kuleyo yemfazwe. , kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-STWC e-Edinburgh nge-2 kaJulayi kuya kuwubhidanisa umyalezo. Kuya kuba ngumdla, ke, ukubona ukuba i-Oxfam iyazivala-ngoku ikhokela iphulo lehlabathi jikelele lesivumelwano sezixhobo zamazwe ngamazwe ngesiseko sokuba 'iingalo ezingalawulekiyo zibangela ubuhlwempu nokubandezeleka'.
I-STWC iye yavalwa ukuba ibe nendawo yokuthengisela kwindibano ye-MPH. I-imeyile evuzayo ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi ukuya kwi-MPH evela eMilipedia, inkampani yolawulo lweziganeko 'zokuziphatha' inceda ukuququzelela indibano ye-MPH, icela umanyano ukuba 'luthathele ingqalelo ukunqweneleka / isicwangciso sokususa abantu kumsitho wethu abaseka izitali ezingafunwayo, i-ad hoc. iziganeko, izixhobo njl.njl' nokuzoba uludwe 'lwabantu abanokuthi bangene baze bathathe isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni na esikulungeleyo ukuyinyamezela kwaye ngeliphi inqanaba esizoba ngalo umgca kwaye leliphi inyathelo esifuna ukulithatha'. Oku kulandele ingcebiso yokuba iQela leSocialist (elalifudula liyi-Militant Tendency) liceba ukuthengisa iphephandaba lalo kwi-rally yase-Edinburgh, likhwaze izilogeni ngee-megaphones kwaye linxibe izikipa ezibomvu zeMakeCapitalismHistory kunye nemitya yesihlahla (iPepper eBomvu, ngengozi, iya kunxiba 'Yenza. iiT-shirts zeMbali yeG8 ngosuku).
I-imeyile iphinda ichaze indlela, ekuphenduleni injongo yokumisa iMfazwe yokuvakalisa injongo yokukhokela i-rally yekhefu kwi-4.30pm ngomhla we-2 kaJulayi, ibhunga lendawo, amapolisa kunye nabaququzeleli be-MPH basebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-STWC iya kuvinjelwa inqanaba labo. ukuze sigcine 'ubunini bethu bomsitho kunye nemiyalezo yethu engundoqo'.
Oku akubhekiseli kulawulo lwezopolitiko kuphela. Inxalenye yenkxalabo ye-MPH ilele kwisisongelo esibonwayo kwi-monopoly yayo yonke intengiso yorhwebo eyenzekayo ngosuku - umfelandawonye uye wakhupha ilayisenisi yabarhwebi beemarike ye-2 kaJulayi eya kunceda kuphela amalungu ombutho kwaye ixhobise i-MPH ukuba ihambise abarhwebi abangekho mthethweni, kuquka namatsha ntliziyo ezopolitiko, ngaphandle kwendawo. I-Comic Relief iphinde yabhalisa isilogeni se-MakePovertyHistory njengophawu lwentengiso kunye ne-European Union kwaye igrogrisa ngokuthatha inyathelo ngokuchasene 'nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa kakubi okanye isityholo soPhawu loRhwebo'.
Kodwa iinkxalabo malunga ne-MPH zinzulu kakhulu kuneyantlukwano yezopolitiko kwindawo yophuhliso yase-UK. Owona mbuzo ucacileyo, uya usiba semilebeni yeentatheli eziqhelekileyo, ngowokuba aphi amazwi oluntu lwaseAfrika, kunye neminye imibutho yezentlalo yoluntu yaseGlobal South, kwiphulo ekucingelwa ukuba lingabo?
UKofi Maluwi Klu, itshantliziyo eliphambili laseGhanian Pan-African kunye nomnxibelelanisi wamazwe ngamazwe weJubilee 2000 Africa Campaign ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ucatshukiswa kukungamelwa kwe-MPH: 'Sinentetho kumbutho wenkululeko waseAfrika - 'akukho nto ngathi, ngaphandle kwethu. '. Yenza iMbali yeNtlupheko yinyathelo elikhulu elibuyela emva kulo mba, nakwiJubilee 2000. Eli phulo likhokelwa ngokugqithiseleyo yi-NGOs yaseMntla kunye nomyalezo wayo osisiseko malunga nezigidi ezimhlophe ze-popstars ezigcina i-Afrika engenakunceda. Imibutho yezopolitiko esalwela inkululeko emhlabeni icinyiwe ngokupheleleyoโ.
Ukungabikho koMzantsi kubunkokeli be-MPH ngokuqinisekileyo kuguqulela kwiipolitiki zephulo. Umzekelo, ii-NGO's zaseMzantsi kunye neentshukumo zibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni iimfuno kwi-G8: 'I-G8 ngumbutho ongekho mthethweni nongenakuphenduleka wolawulo lwehlabathi; oorhulumente namaqumrhu alo ngokwembali anoxanduva lweengxaki ezininzi zamazwe asaphuhlayo, kwaye kuhlala kunjalo namhlanjeโ utsho uNicola Bullard, we-Bangkok-based Focus on the Global South, umbutho ohlonitshwayo womgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe ngamazwe ongengokarhulumente kunye nombutho wokuthethelela. 'I-Lobbying G8 iphikisana nomnxeba ocacileyo owenziwe ngamakhulu emibutho yentlalontle, ii-NGOs kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi abavela eMzantsi naseNyakatho kwiForam yeNtlalo yeNtlalo kulo nyaka ukuhlanganisa imibhikisho malunga nengqungquthela ye-G8.'
Kuyafana nakwiimfuno zomgaqo-nkqubo we-MPH. Ngelixa iintshukumo zaseMazantsi zisamkela i-ajenda yophuhliso lwe-MPH eyongezelelekileyo kwiphulo le-Jubilee ka-2000 lokukhupha amatyala, bathi ukuma kwabo ematyaleni kuyaphikisana noko kufunwa ngabantu base-Afrika kunye nabanye abakhankasi baseMazantsi: 'I-MPH ifuna ukucinywa kweepesenti ezili-100 zamatyala angahlawulekiyo. Awona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo โ kodwa kunjalo norhulumente wase-UK,' ucacise watsho uBrian Ashley weJubilee South. 'Oku akuchazi 'ukuba semthethweni kwetyala' kwasekuqaleni, into yokuba amazwe amaninzi aseMzantsi Afrika amatyala ayeyi-hangover evela kwikoloniyalizim okanye avela ekunyukeni okukhulu kwenzala ngeminyaka yoo-1970 kunye no-80s, kwaye sele ehlawulwe. umva amaxesha amaninzi, esenza ukuba uMzantsi ube ngumbolekisi waseMantla. Sifuna ukucinywa kwamatyala ewonke, ngaphandle kwemiqathango kwaye ngoko nangoko onke amatyala elizwe laseMazantsi, hayi lawo abona bahlupheka kakhulu njengezicelo ze-MPH.โ
Kubantu abakhankasela amatyala aseMazantsi, impikiswano iphantse yafana naleyo yakhokelela emva ngo-1999, ukuya eNyakatho-South yahlukana kwi-Jubilee 2000 intshukumo kunye nokudalwa kwenethiwekhi yeJubilee South, leyo namhlanje idibanisa ngaphezu kwamaphulo amatyala angama-80, ezentlalontle. imibutho kunye nemibutho yabantu esuka kumazwe angaphezu kwama-40 kuMbindi Merika, kwiCaribbean, eAfrika naseAsia/Pacific. Umgaqo-siseko wokusekwa kweJubilee South yayikukudala umanyano oluqinileyo loMzantsi-South, ukuqinisa ilizwi elihlangeneyo, ubukho kunye nobunkokeli boMzantsi kwintshukumo yamatyala kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nokubeka isiseko sotshintsho lwentlalo yehlabathi ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu.
Ngelixa i-MPH iyinxalenye ye-Global Call for Action on the Poverty (G-CAP) enombono waseMazantsi kubunkokeli bayo, amaqela amaninzi aseMazantsi, aquka iJubilee South kunye neFocus on the Global South, akwalile ukuba yinxalenye ye-G. -CAP, iyasikhaba isimemo seOxfam kunye neAction Aid kwintlanganiso kaSeptemba 2004 yaseRhawutini eyathi ekugqibeleni yasungula umfelandawonye. โIJubilee South yagqiba kwelokuba ingahambi ngesizathu esilula sokuba ungaqalisi iphulo egameni loMzantsi ngaphandle kokubonisana ngokupheleleyo, ukubonisana nokusebenzisana nothungelwano lwaseMazantsi kuqala,โ utshilo uBrian Ashley. U-Nicola Bullard uyavuma, wongezelela: 'Ugxininiso kwi-Global South yabona intlanganiso yaseJo'burg njengendlela yokufumana amaqela amaninzi kunye neentshukumo ezisezantsi ukunika ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphambili, umkhankaso okhokelwa nguMntla. Sikholelwa ukuba kufuneka uhlanganise kwaye wakhe iintshukumo ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu.
Mhlawumbi owona mba unobungozi wokuxutywa kwe-MPH yomyalezo wayo kunye nokarhulumente, kunye nokungabandakanyi abagxeki baseMntla naseMzantsi, kukuba ivumela urhulumente kunye namajelo eendaba ukuba azobe umgca obukhali esantini phakathi 'komqhankqalazi olungileyo' ozimase Nge-2 kaJulayi i-rally yase-Edinburgh, kunye 'nomqhankqalazi ombi' - nabani na ocinga ukubandakanyeka ekungathobelini uluntu ngokuchasene noko, emva koko, iziko elingekho mthethweni kunye noorhulumente abajongene nokufa kwezigidi zabantu abamsulwa minyaka le.
Ezo zi-NGOs zophuhliso zase-UK zingonwabanga lukhokelo lwe-MPH zikwazi kakuhle oku kuphela, kodwa ziyala ukuhamba esidlangalaleni kwiphulo eliphazamisana nentshukumo yobulungisa yehlabathi. Nangona isenokuvakala igxeka, isizathu silula: I-MPHistory sisijikelezi-mali. "Nangona siwuthiyile umyalezo kunye nophawu lwenkampani, ezinye ii-NGOs zenza amawaka eeponti ngeebhanti zezandla," watsho omnye umgxeki. 'Sinemithwalo yabantu abatsha kwisiseko sethu sedatha abanomdla kumaphulo ethu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba imiba yorhwebo, amatyala kunye noncedo ngoku ngokukhawuleza i-sexy kwakhona, sinemibutho emitsha yenkxaso-mali esiza kuthi ukuba senze iiprojekthi kunye nophando. I-MPH indihlawulela umsebenzi wam kule minyaka mi-3 izayo.โ
Oku, ekupheleni kosuku, ngumgca we-NGO kwaye yiloo nto i-MPHistory imalunga nayo-ukunceda abantu abahluphekileyo behlabathi ngeendlela eziqinisekisa ukusinda kombutho wakho. Ngokukhwela ingwe ejikeleza imali ye-MPH ngethemba lokuqina, eyona NGOs yophuhliso ehlonitshwayo yase-UK efana neChristian Aid, War on War kunye neWorld Development Movement, nabo basengozini yokwahlukana ngokupheleleyo namaqabane abo ase-Afrika ngexesha elibaluleke kakhulu. Umanyano oluchasene neNew Labour, iG8 kunye nesicwangciso sabo sokuqingqa ubutyebi bendalo baseAfrika ukulungiselela amaqumrhu aseNtshona.
Oku kufuneka kungavunyelwa ukuba kwenzeke. Akukabikho xesha lide lokuba amazwi aphikisayo eMbali yeNtlupheko ayeke ngobuninzi kwaye asebenzise la mandla omfuziselo ukukhuthaza izigidi zamalungu eMbali yeNtlupheko ukuba axhathise i-G8, kwaye atyhale uGeldof, uBono, uCurtis kunye no-co ukuba basebenzise imidiya yabo. impembelelo yokugxeka umgaqo-nkqubo we-G8. Kungenjalo, ekuphela kwento abanokuthi bayithumele kwimbali yiAfrika ngokwayo.
UStuart Hodkinson nguMhleli oDityaniswayo weRed Pepper kunye netshantliziyo-umphandi. Unokuqhagamshelwa kwi [imeyile ikhuselwe] Olu luguqulelo olude lwenqaku lakhe elithi โYenza iMbali yeG8โ, eliza kuvela kwakamsinyane kwiRed Pepper ezayo kaJulayi kuhlelo olukhethekileyo oluzayo โ โG8: the New Scramble for Africaโ. Amanye amanqaku aquka: ingcali yezoqoqosho yaseGhana ehlonitshwayo, uYao Graham, kwi-ajenda ye-G8 yeniyo-koloniyalizim ye-Afrika, uLucy Michaels we-Corporate Watch malunga namaqumrhu abekekileyo aphembelela i-G8 kunye neKhomishini ye-Afrika, uMelanie Jarman malunga nokuba kutheni i-G8 ingasayi kuba. ukusombulula utshintsho lwemozulu, u-Oscar Reyes malunga nesidingo sokuba i-UK ishiye ukudibanisa amandla ayo enkcubeko emva kwephulo elikhokelwa ngabantu abadumileyo beMbali yeNtlupheko, isikhokelo sikaRed Pepper kuqhanqalazo lwe-G8, kunye nokunye okuninzi. I-Red Pepper ikwaqhuba ibhlog yewebhu ephilayo kuyo yonke ingqungquthela ye-G8. Phuma www.redpepper.org.uk
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela