Ngaba i-United States ibuyela kwiLatin America?
Ngokuqinisekileyo iyathetha njengoko injalo. NgoFebruwari, unobhala welizwe lase-US u-Rex Tillerson ukhenkethe lo mmandla ngeenjongo zokufumana inkxaso ye-ajenda yokutshintsha kolawulo lwase-Washington eVenezuela. Waqala ukhenketho ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ebhiyozela ukufaneleka kwe-1823 ephelelwe lixesha "iMfundiso kaMonroe." Ngokwenyani, uTillerson wayesithi - kunye ne-hubris yolawulo lukaTrump - ulongamo lwaseWashington kuyo yonke iNtshona Hemisphere, impendulo kwiChina. ubukho bengingqi.
Ithowuni ye-bellicose yaseWashington iza phakathi kokuphinda kuhlaziywe kwephiko le-neoliberal lasekunene elibone elakhe lalawula ekhohlo- liqokelelwe phantsi kwebhena "yeSocialism yeNkulungwane yama-21" - bajongana nezithintelo ezininzi kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Melika.
Ngaphandle kobuthathaka besakhiwo kunye nokwahlukaniswa kwamanye amazwe, i-US isazimisele ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukugcina ubungangamsha "kwindawo yangasemva" yembali, kwiNtshona yeHemisphere. Ukungakhuseleki kwayo kwangoku kwerhamncwa kunyanzelisa ukuba icinge ngokutsha indlela yayo yobuchule.
Ukuthetha Iindaba zeMintPress, unjingalwazi wentlalontle kwiYunivesithi yaseOregon kunye Ukuhlaziywa ngenyanga Umhleli uJohn Bellamy Foster uthe:
I-hegemony yezoqoqosho yase-US iyancipha kwaye iWashington isebenzisa zonke iindlela ezikhoyo ukuphuhlisa amandla ayo e-geopolitical kunye ne-geoeconomic - oko kukuthi, amandla ayo obukhosi - njengendlela yokumelana noku kwehla.
Olona gxininiso likhulu lwangoku kwizangqa zeqhinga lomkhosi wase-US kunye nelobukhosi lijoliswe ekuchazeni oko kubizwa ngokuba yimfazwe ye-geoeconomic njengeqhinga eliqinisekileyo kwaye njengendlela yokulawula i-geopolitical. Oku kubandakanya ukwenziwa koluhlu olutsha lwezixhobo.”
I-socialism yenkulungwane yama-21: ukusuka ekuzeni kokusa okubomvu ukuya kuthi ga ngongcwalazi?
"Okwenzekayo namhlanje kulo lonke elaseLatin America kuza emva kwexesha elide ngokungaqhelekanga lenkqubela phambili kulo mmandla wonke," umbhali kunye nomhlohli weYunivesithi yaseCalifornia San Diego uHarry L. Simón Salazar uxelele Iindaba zeMintPress.
Eqhuba, uSimón wachaza:
Into eyayiphawulwe ngoohlohlesakhe 'njengepinki tide' inokulandelelwa njengesiqalo phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 njengendlela yokusekhohlo eyaphembelela ipolitiki yengingqi malunga neminyaka engama-20, iphiko lasekunene lisiya lihlala likheswa kwaye lilinganiselwe ekusebenzeni ngokungohlwaywa. ngaphakathi kweColombia, eFlorida, naseMexico. Indlela yokushiya i-leftist eyasasazeka kulo lonke elaseLatin America yayiyeyeziko kunye nezonyulo, iphuhla ngaphakathi kwesakhelo samazwe anciphileyo e-neoliberal kulo lonke elaseLatin America kwaye ehlala ephenjelelwa bubutyebi beoyile yaseBolivarian. "
Ngowe-1998, uHugo Chavez wanyulwa njengomongameli waseVenezuela, ebonisa oko wayekubiza ngelo xesha “njengenguqu kwezentlalo.” Kungekudala waba ngumdlali ophambili weengcamango kwindlela entsha yobusoshiyali yenkulungwane yama-21. Ngo-2009, oorhulumente abasibhozo kwaba-10 baseMzantsi Melika babelawulwa ngamaqela asekhohlo axhaswa yimibutho yasekuhlaleni, abantu bomthonyama, kunye nobusoshiyali bemveli kunye namakomanisi ashiyekileyo. Ngexesha elithile, olu lawulo lwedemokhrasi yezentlalo lubonakalise ukuthandwa kakhulu kwaye luphumelele iivoti kunye nonyulo oluninzi kunaye nawuphi na urhulumente wangaphambili.
Ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo, aba rhulumente baphule isivumelwano saseWashington solawulo lwentengiso olungathandabuzekiyo kwaye bagxile ngakumbi kumalungelo ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho, kunye nenkcubeko yabantu bengingqi. Ngomoya wento ebizwayo ubomi obuhle (ukuphila ubomi obulungileyo), urhulumente wayomeleza indima yakhe - njengotyalo-mali kwezentlalo, imimiselo yemarike yabasebenzi, kunye nolunye uhlaziyo oluqhubekayo olusasaza ingeniso kunye ziphakanyisiwe amashumi ezigidi zabantu abaphuma kwintlupheko baye kudidi olutsha oluphakathi. Namacandelo ongxowankulu kula mazwe kwanyanzeleka ukuba azamkele ngokukrokra ezi ziphumo zilungileyo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, amaqela onyulo alandela isithethe kunye naxhasa i-US agunyaziswa kwaye atyhalelwa emacaleni.
Amaziko ezizwe ngezizwe afana neWashington-based Organisation of American States kunye noMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi ngokufanayo, njengamaqela orhulumente afana neManyano yeZizwe eziMazantsi eMelika (UNASUR), iBolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA), kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Amazwe aseLatin America kunye neCaribbean (CELAC) ayenziwe ngomgunyathi. Ngeli xesha, iBhanki yoPhuhliso yase-China kunye neBhanki yoTyalo-mali yeZiseko zoPhuhliso lwase-Asia ekhokelwa yi-Beijing iye yanda ukuthatha indima ye-Inter-American Development Bank, iBhanki yehlabathi kunye ne-IMF.
Iminyaka eliqela edlulileyo ithathe imeko embi kwiLatin America ngasekhohlo. Njengoko ukuthandwa koorhulumente abasele bekho kwiziko kuncipha, oomongameli be-neoliberal bangena kulawulo Argentina, Chile, yaye Peru ngeendlela zonyulo. Kwamanye amazwe, imikhosi yaphiko lasekunene ikwazile ukuyila amacebo amatsha ngaphaya kokuphuma nje ivoti: ngo Paraguay kwaye Brazil, abalawuli bamanxele batyholwa kubhukuqo-mbuso lwasepalamente olwavula indawo yoorhulumente abaxhasa i-US. E-Ecuador, uMongameli uLenín Moreno - osandul 'ukunyulwa nje kancinci ngenkxaso yenkokeli ephumayo uRafael Correa - wakhawuleza wasebenzisa intetho "enxamnye nobuqhophololo" yeqela eliphikisayo. kucoca iqela elilawulayo le Correista “INguquko yaBemi” iqhubela phambili akukho mgaqo-siseko kuthetha.
Abavukeli baseColombia beFARC bahluthe izixhobo kwisivumelwano soxolo gxekwa kakhulu ngelungelo, kodwa ukubulala kunye nokunyamalala ekujoliswe kuyo amatshantliziyo asemaphandleni kunye nabaququzeleli bemibutho yentlalontle baqhubekile bengaphozisanga maseko. Kutshanje eHonduras, eU.S yaphosa ubunzima bayo ngasemva konyulo olungekho mthethweni noluchasiweyo ngokubanzi lukaJuan Orlando Hernández.
USimón wachaza:
Uhlaselo lwangoku lwasebukhosini/neoliberal olwenzeka kulo lonke elaseLatin America lwabelana ngento enokuthi ibhalwe njengomgangatho wovukelo - ukuzimisela phakathi kwe-derechistas [amalungelo] kunye nabaxhasi babo base-US ukudiliza okushiyekileyo kurhulumente we-neoliberal, ngakumbi nakuphi na ukubonakaliswa kwayo ngasekhohlo, nangona kunjalo. isenokuba msulwa.”
Kwezinye iimeko, abaphezulu bephiko lasekunene, abanini-mhlaba kunye ne-oligarchs yendawo efana nowayesakuba nguMongameli waseColombia u-Alvaro Uribe kunzima ukwahlula ukusuka kwi-mafiosi, kwaye bagcine izihlalo zabo emandleni naphezu kwazo amaqhina asondeleyo kumajoni angooFascist kunye namaqela abulalayo abotshelelwe kurhwebo lweziyobisi.
EVenezuela, urhulumente kaMongameli uNicolas Maduro uye wasokola ukuntywila amaxabiso eoli kunye isabatha eye yaphazamisa amacandelo ezoqoqosho kwaye yaxhobisa i-US-backed nenkcaso. I-US ngoku ixoxa ngokuphandle nge “ukhetho lomkhosi” ngelixa ebongoza amagosa emkhosini waseVenezuela ukuba enze “njengearhente yotshintsho” ngendlela efana nekaAugusto Pinochet. Ukubhukuqwa ngogonyamelo kaMongameli waseChile uSalvador Allende ngowe-1973.
"Kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America eli phiko lasekunene labavukeli [lihlasela] ngokuchasene nabantu lisebenzisa iindlela ezingazange zibonwe ukusukela ngeentsuku ze-Operation Condor kunye neemfazwe zokulwa ngo-1980s," utshilo uSimón, eqhubeka:
I-Latin America reactionary elites [ba]bonisa isivumelwano esekwe kudidi lokuba akukho mfuneko yokufihla ukubanjwa kwamandla abo ngoku ngokusemthethweni koohlohlesakhe, kwaye endaweni yoko babonakalisa ukukulungela ukuphazamisa ucwangco lomgaqo-siseko nokukrazula 'el tejido social' [intlalontle. ilaphu].”
Ngeli xesha, iChina iqhubekile nokudibanisa yayo ubukho kulo mmandla ngelixa kusakha ubudlelwane obusondeleyo bezoqoqosho kunye noorhulumente baseLatin America nabaseCaribbean, nokuba bangqiyame ngasekhohlo okanye ngasekunene. I-Beijing iphindwe isiqinisekiso ukuba "i-Latin America lulwandiso lwendalo lwe-21st-century Maritime Silk Road" ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo babonwa eWashington njengesoyikiso esicwangcisiweyo se-US kunye nophawu lwamandla ayo okuncipha eLatin America.
"Injongo yokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kweLatin America ngaphakathi kwi-Empire yase-US iye yahlala ihambelana, nangona iindlela eziye zafika kuzo ziye zahluka ngokwemvelo ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko zembali," kuchaza uFoster.
"IMelika kuqala" idibana neMfundiso kaMonroe
Kwi intetho eqala ukhenketho lwakhe lwaseLatin America kwinyanga ephelileyo, uTillerson wancoma iMfundiso kaMonroe ngokuthi "ibalulekile namhlanje njengoko yayiyimini yokubhalwa kwayo." Esi sibhengezo yayilutshintsho oluthe ngqo kumgaqo-nkqubo wowayesakuba nguMongameli uBarack Obama ebonisa ukuba ixesha longenelelo lomkhosi wase-US kulo mmandla liphelile-isibhengezo “esifanele ukuqhwatyelwa izandla,” njengomanduleli kaTillerson uJohn Kerry. xelelwe uMbutho waMazwe aseMelika ngo-2013.
Abahlalutyi be-liberal beltway babona intetho kaTillerson njenge gaffe kwaye isiphumo esinokwenzeka yokunqongophala kweengcaphephe zengingqi kwiSebe lakhe likarhulumente, kodwa le ngxelo yazisa imvakalelo yokudakumba kubagxeki be-impiriyalizim yase-US.
"I-impiriyali yase-US eLatin America ayisiyonto intsha, ngoku ibuyela umva ubuncinci kwiinkulungwane ezimbini, kunye nesikhumbuzo [seminyaka emibini] yeMfundiso kaMonroe kwiminyaka emihlanu kuphela kude," uFoster wacacisa, eqhubeka:
Imfundiso kaMonroe, ehlala izukiswa e-United States phantse njengento encedisayo kuMgaqo-siseko, ikakhulu isibhengezo se-US hegemony phezu kweLatin America, kunye nakuphi na ukungenelela kummandla ngamagunya angaphandle kweMelika. Isetyenziselwe ukuthethelela impiriyali yase-US, kubandakanya nokungenelela emkhosini, kulo mmandla kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini. "
xa Imfundiso yeMonroe yabhalwa nguNobhala welizwe ngoko uJohn Quincy Adams ngo-1823, iWashington yabanga ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuthintela ubukho bobukhosi baseYurophu eMelika. Imfundiso yaba ekugqibeleni kwandiswa ukuya eHawaii nakwiiPhilippines. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane yama-20, le mfundiso yayisetyenziselwa ukuthethelela umlo wama impiriyali ase-US nxamnye noorhulumente bobusoshiyali nowobukomanisi kunye nemibutho yenkululeko yesizwe ebonwa njengobuhlobo kwiSoviet Union.
Kuhlalutyo lwakhe olubalulekileyo luka-1944, IBhehemoth: Ubume kunye neNdlela yokuSebenza yeSizwe soSoshiyali, Isazinzulu sezopolitiko saseJamani uFranz Neumann wachaza indlela iJamani yamaNazi ebone ngayo iziqinisekiso zaseMelika ezikhethekileyo kwiMfundiso yeMonroe njengemodeli ye-geopolitical hegemony - ngokungafaniyo nomthetho wemveli wamazwe ngamazwe, owawubonwa "njengendalo yamaYuda kunye nesambatho sama impiriyali aseBritane." Kwiingcamango ze-geopolitics zexesha lamaNazi, iMfundiso kaMonroe yaba sisizathu seyaseJamani. grossdeutsche Reich. UNeumann wachaza:
Imfundiso kaMonroe [yaba] 'ngowona mzekelo uphumeleleyo womgaqo-siseko omkhulu kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe' ... Ukususela kwiNkomfa yoXolo yaseHague yokuqala ngo-1909, iUnited States iye yagxininisa ukuba iMfundiso kaMonroe ikwisikhundla esikhethekileyo ... Ezandleni zamaJamani, ngaphandle ngoku iba ngumthetho. Akusekho mthetho mnye wamazwe ngamazwe kodwa zininzi njengoko kukho izikumkani, oko kukuthi, iindawo ezinkulu. I-grossdeutsche Reich ngumdali womthetho wayo wamazwe ngamazwe kwindawo yayo. Abangeneleli kufuneka bayeke izandla zabo. ”
Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ngoku uphinde ucingelwe njengeqhinga lama impiriyali “eMelika kuQala” lokunciphisa utyalo-mali lwaseTshayina kulo mmandla – ngokwamazwi kaTillerson, ukuthintela iChina ekusebenziseni “ubuchule bayo bezoqoqosho ukutsalela lo mmandla kumjikelezo wayo.”
Idabi le-geoeconomic kunye neTshayina kumazwe aseMelika
Amagqabantshintshi kaTillerson ayesisiphumo seengxoxo eziqhubekayo eWashington malunga nendlela engcono yokuqinisekisa kwakhona amandla oqoqosho kunye nomkhosi wase-US, uFoster waphawula, esalatha "kweyona ncwadi ishushu kwizangqa zasebukhosini zase-US" - iBhunga lezoBudlelwane baNgaphandle. Imfazwe ngezinye iindlela: i-Geoeconomics kunye ne-Statecraft.
In incwadi ka-2016, ababhali uRobert D. Blackwell kunye noJennifer M. Harris bagxininisa isoyikiso saseChina kwi-US hegemony kummandla, ngokungafaniyo nokuthelekisa amandla okunyanzeliswa kweWashington kumandla aseBeijing okubonelela ngoncedo lophuhliso kunye noncedo olungenazimeko ukunyusa amandla e-geopolitical:
Amazwe amaninzi aqhuba i-geopolitics ngemali eyinkunzi, ezama ngeencwadi zokuhlola ezizimeleyo kunye nezinye izixhobo zoqoqosho ukufikelela kwiinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo ezazifudula ziyizinto zokunyanzelwa emkhosini okanye ukoyisa… - uninzi lwazo lujolise ngokuthe ngqo kumahlakani kunye nabahlobo baseMelika.
… [A] ubuchule boqoqosho lobuchwephesha baseburhulumenteni bube bubugcisa obulahlekileyo e-United States, ihlabathi liphela liye labheka kwelinye icala. I-Russia, i-China, kunye nezinye ngoku zihlala zijonge kwiindlela ze-geoeconomic, rhoqo njengendawo yokuqala yokukhetha, kwaye zihlala zijongela phantsi amandla kunye nefuthe laseMelika. Ukungahoyi indima enkulu ngakumbi ye-geoeconomics kwinkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe, i-United States iwachitha kakubi amathuba kwaye inciphisa iziphumo zayo zomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle ...
“Ngoko iMfundiso kaMonroe ngoku iyahlaziywa kwaye itolikwa kwakhona ukuze yandise kwi-geoeconomic statecraft kunye nemfazwe,” utshilo uFoster. “Ngokusisiseko iUnited States igxininisa kuqoqosho lwayo olupheleleyo kunye nolawulo lomkhosi ‘kwiyadi’ yayo yaseLatin America.” Wongezelela uFoster:
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba iVenezuela ngokukodwa iye yaba lityala lovavanyo kwesi sicwangciso sitsha semfazwe ye-geoeconomic. Kodwa asiyoVenezuela kuphela ekujoliswe kuyo, kwaye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.”
Nge-US izibandakanye kwiinzame ezahlukeneyo "zokutshintsha ulawulo" kunye neengxabano eziphantsi kwihlabathi liphela, ezijolise ekuqinisekiseni ulawulo lwayo-imeko yemfazwe engapheliyo eyaziwa ngabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo baseWashington njenge. Imfazwe Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu – isakhono saseMelika songenelelo oluthe ngqo lomkhosi ngokuchasene ne bexhobe ngokugqithisileyo Imikhosi yeSizwe yaseBolivarian yaseVenezuela iye yachithwa kakhulu. Nditsho noTrump, ejikelezwe njengoko engoonjengele zangaphambili zobhedu njengoNobhala wezoKhuselo uJames “Mad Dog” Mattis, unokuyiqonda le nto.
Indlela ye-asymmetric ke ngoko yindlela ekhethwayo yokwenza "utshintsho lwenkqubo," uFoster wacacisa, eqhubeka:
Iqhinga lase-US eLatin America ibe kukugxila ekuguquleni iiparamitha ezahlukeneyo ngokuthanda kwayo, ukwenza buthathaka kunye nokwahlula amazwe aseLatin America, kunye nokunciphisa indima yase-China… Ukwahlulwa kweVenezuela kunye namanye amazwe e-ALBA yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kunye ne-US eyenza uxinzelelo lobhukuqo-mbuso okanye nkqu. ungenelelo lomkhosi ngendibaniselwano yamazwe. [Umzekelo], inkcaso yaseVenezuela iye yakhuthazwa phantsi kwemvukelo 'yebutho labantu'.
Uloyiko olungenelelayo
KuHarry L. Simón Salazar, ukuhlaselwa kwe-neoliberal yangoku yase-US kwiLatin America isanda kuba yindima eyabelwe imidiya yoluntu. Nakumazwe afana ne-Ecuador kunye neVenezuela, amajelo eendaba ahlala esezandleni zemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe esekwe e-US okanye iWashington- kunye neMiami-enyanisekileyo. abantu abakumgangatho ophezulu.
Kwincwadi yakhe esanda kupapashwa incwadi, Umabonwakude, iDemokhrasi, kunye nokuLamla kwezopolitiko zaseChile, uSimón wahlalutya inguqu ye-Chile ye-1990 ukusuka kulawulo lobuzwilakhe lwexesha le-Pinochet ukuya kulawulo lwabantu. Ngokombono kaSimón, ngowe-1988 Unyulo lweFranja yePropaganda Iphulo lalingumzekelo wendlela amajelo eendaba adlala ngayo indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni ixabiso lenkcubeko ye-neoliberal kunye "nezopolitiko ezinokwenzeka" kwiingqondo zabemi.
Eli phulo laliyinzame yentsebenziswano phakathi kozwilakhe ophumayo kunye nenkcaso yedemokhrasi. Kwifilimu yaseChile ka-2012, Hayi, yaboniswa ngenkumbulo njengemveliso ye-crass ye-arhente yentengiso.
USimón wachaza:
Ukusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980s, imithombo yeendaba yaseLatin America ayizange isetyenziswe nje lilungelo lokuqulunqa umzabalazo wezopolitiko, kodwa iye yaba ngundaba-mlonyeni odla ngokuba ngumbindi womzabalazo wezopolitiko ikakhulu kwiphiko lasekunene (kunye namatyala ambalwa asekhohlo) , amaqela alungelelanisiweyo kunye neefomu zentlangano abelwa isigxina sesibini.”
Imbono yakhe yagxininiswa ngowayesakuba nguMongameli wase-Ecuadorian uRafael Correa kutsha nje uluvo kwiCuba Granma yonke imihla, apho yayithandwa kakhulu kwaye ngoku inyeliswe ngokubanzi inkokeli yagxininisa:
Iidemokhrasi zethu kufuneka zibizwe ngokuba ziidemokrasi ezilamlayo. Amajelo eendaba abaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yezopolitiko kunamaqela kunye neenkqubo zonyulo; baye baba ngamaqela aphikisayo aphambili koorhulumente abaqhubela phambili, kwaye bangabameli bokwenene bezoshishino kunye namandla ezopolitiko alondolozayo.
Akukhathaliseki nokuba yeyiphi na eyona nto ilunge kakhulu kuninzi lwabantu, yintoni ecetyisiweyo kwiphulo lonyulo, kwaye abantu - oyena mdlali uphambili kwidemokhrasi nganye - bathathe isigqibo malunga nokuvota. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba amajelo eendaba avuma okanye angavumiyo kwizihloko zawo. Baye bathabathel’ indawo uLawulo loMthetho bafaka iLizwe Lezimvo.”
USimón, njengoCorrea, ubona le nyaniso intsha njengomzuzu obalulekileyo wokuzigxeka kunye nesidingo sokuphonononga ukuba nokwenzeka kokwaphula i-impiriyalizim ngeendlela zoxolo zedemokhrasi:
Kufuneka siphinde sithathele ingqalelo ukubaluleka komzabalazo wolonyulo kumxholo weneoliberal bourgeois state, kwaye njengenxalenye yeLatin America eshiyekileyo kufuneka siyilinganisele le mbali kwaye siphinde siqwalasele izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka.
Ukuba i-neoliberalism eLatin America ibonakalise ukuba yomelele kangangokuba yasinda kwinto ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-pink tide' - kwaye ikwazi ukuphakama kwaye ibuyisele umva impumelelo yenkqubela phambili yeminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo - ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba siqonde ukuba amandla ayo. kwaye impembelelo yayingengomsebenzi wegunya likamongameli kunye nomgaqo-siseko kuphela. "
IVenezuela iphikisana ne "ingxilimbela eneenyawo zodongwe:" nguDavide omtsha ngokuchasene noGoliyati?
EMzantsi Melika, babini kuphela oorhulumente basekhohlo abashiyekileyo: iBolivia kunye neRiphabhlikhi yaseBolivarian yaseVenezuela. Okwangoku, utshintsho lolawulo lwaseWashington lugxile koku. Ukuphendula, iCaracas idibene nomjelo wezohlwayo zase-US kunye nezisongelo ngokunzulu kwamanyathelo aqatha ajolise ekuhlanganiseni ilizwe laseBolivarian, ukusuka kumkhosi wamajoni. ukuzivocavoca ekwazisweni kwe Petro imali yedijithali kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-a INdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe.
Ngeli xesha, ulawulo lukaTrump luyaqhubeka nokuzahlukanisa nemigaqo-nkqubo yalo engahambelaniyo kunye namacala onke ubundlobongela kumhlobo nakutshaba ngokufanayo.
"IVenezuela ibhengezwe njengotshaba olusemthethweni, kodwa uluhlu lweentshaba ezisemthethweni kunye nezingekho semthethweni zase-United States ngoku zininzi kakhulu," utshilo uFoster. "IVenezuela ayiyodwa kwaye ihlabathi liphela linokubona izohlwayo zezoqoqosho kunye namanye amanyathelo anyanzelwayo ukuba aguqe iVenezuela."
Eqhuba, uFoster wachaza:
Ndicinga ukuba isifundo apha sinokuthathwa eCuba. Akukho mini apho iCuba ingakhange igxininise kubemi bayo kunye nehlabathi liphela iziphumo ezibi ze-embargo yase-US eCuba. Ngumyalezo olula nonamandla.”
I-United States ihleli ikude nenjongo yayo yokuphinda iziqinise ngokupheleleyo kwindawo yayo yembali, ngokombono kaSimón, kodwa ihleli ikwazi ukuhlanganisa abameli bayo basekhaya:
Into endiyikholelwayo ukuba iyenzeka ngoku eLatin America ingaphezulu kwimigca yobugrogrisi be-rightwing insurgency, ehambelana nolwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo kunye ne-elites yezoqoqosho yamazwe ngamazwe, eyenze imali yesiphithiphithi kwaye izimisele ukwenza ilizwe lingalawuleki ukuba yiloo nto efunekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe amandla ezopolitiko. nokucoca indawo eseleyo koko kubizwa ngokuba ‘yipinki tide.’”
Kwinkulungwane yama-21 ephawulwe kukoyiswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-impiriyali yase-US kunye nokunyuka "kobuninzi bezinto" kwihlabathi jikelele, i-United States ihleli "isisigebenga esineenyawo zodongwe," njengoko u-Immanuel Wallerstein enzile. ba phi kisana. Ubukhosi busenamandla anamandla okucinezela iintshaba zabo kumlo oqhelekileyo, kodwa bukwathintelwa bubuthathaka babo kwezoqoqosho, ukungakhathali kwezopolitiko, kunye nokunganeliseki ngenxa yeendleko zongenelelo olunegazi, ixesha elide eVenezuela.
"IVenezuela ngoku ijolise kwimfazwe ye-geoeconomic echazwe ngokucacileyo kuwo onke amanqanaba, eyilelwe ukuyithambisa ukuze kuqhutywe ubhukuqo okanye ungenelelo lomkhosi," utshilo uFoster. "Lo myalezo kufuneka udluliselwe kwihlabathi yonke imihla."
Ngaphandle kohlaselo lwayo, naliphi na ilinge leWashington lokusungula imfazwe elicalanye ngokuchasene norhulumente waseLatin America ngokungathandabuzekiyo liya kukhokelela kwitsunami yenzondelelo echasene nama impiriyali evela kwiintshukumo ezininzi zasekuhlaleni. Ukomelezwa kwakhona kwekhohlo elidumileyo lithemba elinokwenzeka kule meko, singasathethi ke ngoxhathiso oluzinzileyo kumkhosi womkhosi.
Ingozi ihleli kukuba kule ndawo igqubayo ye-geopolitics, urhulumente wase-United States uthambekele ekwenzeni uqhushululu kunokukhokelela kwintlekele kulo mmandla okanye kobunye “ubusuku obude” bolawulo lobuzwilakhe lwasekunene-abazimisele ukubuyisela amazwe abo ekucinezeleni. amahlwempu, etyebisa abantu abakumgangatho ophezulu abanganyanisekanga, yaye ethumela izinto eziyimfuneko kumazwe aphambili omkhosi wama impiriyali akuMntla Merika, eAsia naseYurophu.
Kuya kuba yimpazamo, nangona kunjalo, ukubaxa amandla eWashington ukuba aphumelele "kumdlalo omkhulu" we-21st yenkulungwane ye-imperiyalist statecraft kunye ne-geoeconomic warfare - singasathethi ke ngokukwazi kwayo ukuvuselela i-hegemony elahlekileyo ngokubuyisela iMfundiso kaMonroe kudala efile engcwabeni. .
Elliott Gabriel wayengumbhali wabasebenzi be-teleSUR IsiNgesi kunye nomxhasi weendaba zeMintPress ozinze eQuito, e-Ecuador. Uthathe inxaxheba ebanzi ekuthetheleleni nasekuququzeleleni umsebenzi, ubulungisa bomfuduki kunye neentshukumo zokuphendula kwamapolisa eSouthern California kunye noNxweme olukumbindi lwelizwe.
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