Ekuqaleni kweli hlotyeni, intshukumo echasene nokwembiwa kwemigodi yasePeru ikhuphe ngempumelelo inkampani yaseCanada yezimayini kumhlaba wabo. "Ngaphandle kwengcinezelo karhulumente, ukuba abantu bathatha isigqibo sokuzisa umlo kwisiphelo esibuhlungu, kunokwenzeka ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo lweenkampani zemigodi kunye neoli," i-activist yasePeruvia kunye nentatheli uYasser Gómez uxelele. Ulawulo.
Imeko kaDavide noGoliyati yolu vukelo-mthetho oluchasene nemigodi iqaqambisa ukungalingani okukhulu kwezoqoqosho okuthe kwahlasela iPeru. Uqoqosho lwelizwe luye lwakhula kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kunye nokukhula kweepesenti ezisixhenxe kulindeleke kulo nyaka-enye yezinga eliphezulu lokukhula kumazwe ngamazwe. Amashumi amathandathu anesihlanu epesenti yengeniso yelizwe yokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle iphuma kwishishini lemigodi, kwaye abatyali-mali kulindeleke ukuba bachithe ngaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezingama-40 zeerandi kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo kwimisebenzi yemigodi.
Ukanti oku kukhula akukhange kuxhamle ipesenti enkulu yabemi. Izinga lobuhlwempu ePeru lingaphezu nje kwama-31 ekhulwini; emaphandleni, abantu ababini kwabathathu baphila phantsi kobuhlwempu. Namhlanje, kukho uluntu olungaphezulu kwama-200 oluququzelelwe ngokuchasene nemigodi kulo lonke elasePeru.
Ngomhla we-5 kaJuni, umgqatswa womongameli osekhohlo u-Ollanta Humala woyisa iphiko lasekunene uKeiko Fujimori, intombi yowayengumongameli kunye nowaphula amalungelo oluntu uAlberto Fujimori. U-Humala, ophumelele inkxaso encomekayo kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zasemaphandleni, wathembisa ngokusasaza kwakhona ubutyebi ngokunyusa irhafu kwishishini lemigodi elinengeniso.
Kodwa elinye ibutho lezobupolitika, elisuka kumaziko aphantsi, lisenokuphela lingamandla enguquko phantsi kweHumala.
NgoMeyi nangoJuni walo nyaka, amakhulu abahlali basePuno baququzelela ukuvalwa kwendlela, uqhanqalazo kunye noqhanqalazo befuna ukuba urhulumente arhoxise imvume kwiVancouver-based Bear Creek Mining Corporation. Amatshantliziyo aphinde acela ukuba kupheliswe unikezelo lwezemigodi kwixesha elizayo kwindawo yabo, ngenxa yefuthe loshishino kokusingqongileyo.
Ngokutsho kweBear Creek, ngexesha loqhanqalazo inkampani yayisele ityale imali emalunga ne-25 yezigidi zeerandi emgodini. UMlawuli weNkampani u-Andrew Swartout uthe imigodi ayinakuchaphazela iLake Titicaca (ichibi elikhulu lamanzi ahlaziyekileyo ekwabelwana ngalo yiBolivia nePeru) kwaye iza kudala imisebenzi emalunga ne-1,000. Kodwa abemi basekuhlaleni abazange baqiniseke.
UWalter Aduviri ngumongameli weFront for the Defense of Natural Resources in Southern Puno, kunye nomququzeleli okhokelayo kuqhanqalazo oluchasene neBear Creek kunye nemigodi ngokubanzi kwindawo.
"Kungathi thina, ma-Aymaras, asinabo abezopolitiko okanye abameli kwinkongolo," uAduviri uxelele intatheli yephephandaba lasePeruvia. IRiphabhlikhi. Ugxeke umongameli ophumayo uAlan García, athi ulawula kuphela abo banemali. “Asiceli mali, sicela ukuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo ethu, impahla yethu kunye nomhlaba wethu,” utshilo uAduviri.
"Umongameli [u-Alan García] uwuthengisile umhlaba wethu ngaphandle kokudibana nathi," uPaolo Castro, umlimi othe wazibandakanya noqhanqalazo oluchasene neBear Creek uxelele. Al Jazeera. Umlimi u-Alejandro Tucuuhami wavuma, exelela iphephandaba, "Siyazi ukuba kumazwe aseYurophu, umzekelo, imigodi ingcolisa kakhulu, kungoko bafuna ukuthumela imigodi kumazwe angaphuhliswanga."
Iikampesino zemveli kwicala laseBolivia kumda zaqala ukuvalwa kwendlela ngokubambisana namatsha ntliziyo asePeru. Lilonke, iibhloko ezivaliweyo zenza ume ngxi kwiitrafikhi phakathi kwamazwe, kumisa amakhulu eelori, abakhweli basekhaya kunye nabakhenkethi.
Ngomhla wama-24 kuJuni, emva kweeveki ezisixhenxe zoqhanqalazo, uqhanqalazo, ukuvalwa kwendlela kunye nokucinezelwa kwamapolisa anegazi lamatsha-ntliziyo, emva koko uMongameli uGarcía waphula isithethe sezopolitiko sasePeruvia kwaye wathobela iimfuno zabaqhankqalazi ngokurhoxisa isivumelwano seBear Creek, kunye nokubeka iminyaka emithathu ukubamba. kwizivumelwano zexesha elizayo zemigodi kulo mmandla. Ukongeza, u-Ollanta Humala osandul' ukusungulwa uye wathembisa ukuqhubela phambili kumthetho oya kwenza igalelo loluntu libe yimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba imisebenzi yemigodi naphi na kwilizwe iqhube.
Kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba uGarcía ebhukuqe imvume yeBear Creek, ungquzulwano lwaqhambuka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya eJuliaca, emantla ePuno. Apho, amatshantliziyo aqhankqalaza eminye imisebenzi yemigodi kunye neplanti yombane wamanzi ahlala kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya aza ahlaselwa ngamapolisa adubula abulala abaqhankqalazi abahlanu. Imithombo yeendaba enkulu yesiNgesi ichaze ngokungachanekanga ukuba isigqibo sikaGarcía ngokuchasene ne-Bear Creek sanxulunyaniswa nokubulawa kwabantu kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, ngelixa uqhanqalazo lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya lwalunxulunyaniswa hlukile iiprojekthi ezicetywayo zemigodi kunye nezombane oqhutywa ngamanzi.
UJennifer Moore, uMququzeleli weNkqubo yeLatin America yeMiningWatch Canada, uxelele Ulawulo ukuba isigqibo sikaGarcía sokurhoxisa unikezelo “luphawu olubalulekileyo lwamandla olungiselelo lwasekhaya ebesisoloko silubona ePeru.” UMoore uthe uGarcía "uzimisele ngokugqithisileyo ekunikezeleni ngezivumelwano zemigodi ngaphandle kokubonisana noluntu lwasekhaya kuqala."
Ekuphenduleni isigqibo sikaGarcía, i-Bear Creek ifake isicelo somyalelo womgaqo-siseko ngokuchasene norhulumente wasePeru. USwartout uthi ukucinywa kwemvumelwano akuhambelani nomgaqo-siseko kwaye kukwaphula imithetho yotyalo-mali lwangaphandle. UMoore waphawula ukuba kuyaqondakala ukuba i-Bear Creek inokusebenzisa iSivumelwano soRhwebo eCanada-Peru, esasayinwa kwi-2009, ukucela umngeni kwilahleko yabo.
Amaza ogwayimbo kunye neengxabano eziye zatshayela kulo lonke elasePeru kwiinyanga zamva nje, kunye nonyulo lwaseHumala, kusenokwenzeka ukuba lunempembelelo ehlala ixesha elide kulawulo kunye nokurhafiswa kweshishini lezizwe ngezizwe ePeru. Ngomhla we-23 ka-Agasti, ngexesha lokubhala, inkongolo yasePeru isayine umthetho oyilwayo ofuna iinkampani zemigodi kunye neoli ukuba zidibane noluntu lwabemi boMthonyama ngaphambi kokwakha iiprojekthi zokucoca. I-Humala ngoku kufuneka isayine umthetho oyilwayo ukuba ube ngumthetho ukuze uqale ukusebenza.
Ukunqoba kwabantu ePuno ngokumelene neBear Creek kunokubeka inqanaba lomzabalazo omtsha kwilizwe eliza kuvavanya intando yezopolitiko ye-Humala, kwaye icele umngeni kwiintshukumo zentlalo ukuba icinezele ukusuka ngaphantsi.
UBenjamin Dangl ngumbhali we Ukudansa ngeDynamite: Iintshukumo zeNtlalo kunye naMazwe aseLatin America kwaye Ixabiso loMlilo: Iimfazwe zoMthombo kunye neeNtshukumo zeNtlalo eBolivia (Ak Press). Uyahlela Kwinkululeko.com, imbono eqhubekayo ngeziganeko zehlabathi, kunye UpsideDownWorld.org, iwebhusayithi kwi-activism kunye nezopolitiko eLatin America. I-imeyile Bendangl(at)gmail(dot)com.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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