Ikhowudi yomthetho yase-Iraq inokuba yingxaki. Izitrato zaseBaghdad zisenokuba zizaliswe ngamasela nabaqweqwedisi ababonakala bengenaloyiko luncinane lokubanjwa. Kodwa abasemagunyeni e-US babonakala bengenangxaki yokuchonga ulwaphulo-mthetho olunye, ubuncinci. Kubantu abazizigidi ezine abangasebenziyo e-Iraq, uqhanqalazo luchasene nomthetho.
Nge-29 kaJulayi, imikhosi yase-US e-Iraq yabamba inkokeli yombutho omtsha wabasebenzi base-Iraq, uKacem Madi, kunye namanye amalungu angama-20 eManyano yabaSebenzi. Iimanyano zabasebenzi bebesoloko bekhalazela impatho yabasebenzi base-Iraq abangaphangeliyo ngugunyaziwe wokuhlala e-US, kunye nenyaniso yokuba izivumelwano zomsebenzi wokwakha ilizwe zinikwe kakhulu kwiinkampani zase-US.
Uqhankqalazo lwabo lwaqala xa amakhulu abasebenzi abangaphangeliyo babehlanganisene phambi kwesakhiwo esidala sebhanki eAbu Nawas Street. NgokukaZehira Houfani, ilungu leProjekthi ye-Iraq Solidarity eCanada, owabona uqhanqalazo, abasebenzi kuqhanqalazo olufanayo kwixesha elidlulileyo babeqhele ukusasazeka ngelo xesha. Noko ke, sihlandlo ngasinye uMadi waxelela uHoufani oku, โabameli bomkhosi badibana baze baxubushe nathi, bathembisa ukuyicombulula le ngxaki, kodwa sihlandlo ngasinye izithembiso zabo azizaliseki yaye siyanyanzeleka ukuba sibuyele ezitratweni kwakhona.โ
Ngesi sihlandlo bagqibe kwelokuba banyuse uxinzelelo kumagunya aseMelika. Kwisithethe esihlonelwayo sabasebenzi abavela eMexico ukuya kwiiPhilippines, bamisa iplanta, okanye intente yokumisa intente, ngaphandle kwamasango ebhunga. Amajoni aseUnited States awayalela ukuba achithakale, kodwa abasebenzi abazange bavume. Kwahlwa. Kwandula ke, ngentsasa enye amajoni abuya, abamba abaqhankqalazi abangama-21, aza abangenisa ngaphakathi enkampini, apho bavalelwa de kwangentsasa elandelayo.
Ilungu lemanyano elibanjiweyo, u-Ali Djaafri oneminyaka engama-58 ubudala, uxelele uHoufani ukuba la mava โayethobโ isidima kakhulu. Alikho elinye ixesha ngexesha lokuhlala, utshilo, "ingqumbo yam ngamajoni aseMelika ibinamandla kangako."
Izinga lokungaqeshwa lingaphezulu kwama-50% kwizixeko ezinjengeBaghdad. UMadi uqikelela ukuba abasebenzi baseIraq abazizigidi ezine abanamisebenzi. Amawakawaka abasebenzi becandelo likarhulumente ababeqeshwe ngurhulumente wangaphambili baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo emva kwemfazwe. Uninzi lubonelele ngeenkonzo ukusuka kukhathalelo lwempilo ukuya kwezemfundo, kwaye ezo nkonzo zisabuyiselwa. Akukho mali yokuhlawula abo basebenzi, okanye urhulumente wase-Iraqi ukubaqesha. Nkqu neerekhodi zokuqeshwa kwabo zenyuka ngamadangatye kuphango olwalandela ukuhlaliswa kweBaghdad.
Amawaka angakumbi asebenza kumashishini awayefudula ephantsi kukarhulumente. Uninzi lwazo luvaliwe, kwaye abasemagunyeni babhengeze injongo yabo yokuthengisa amacandelo amakhulu oqoqosho lwangaphambili.
Konke oko kongeza kumawaka eentsapho ezisebenzayo ezijongene nengxaki yezoqoqosho egqithisileyo. Umbutho omtsha wabasebenzi abangaphangeliyo uye waba ngowona mbutho ukhula ngokukhawuleza, mkhulu wabasebenzi elizweni ngenxa yoko.
Kwangaxeshanye, umba wezivumelwano zamazwe angaphandle uye waba yimpikiswano eshushu phakathi kwabasebenzi baseIraq kuba iinkampani zase-US zizisa abasebenzi kweli lizwe ukuze basebenze phantsi kwezo zivumelwano. Ifem yaseKuwait ephantsi kwekontraka kwisigebenga sokwakha sase-US uKellogg, uBrown kunye noRoot, umzekelo, kutsha nje kufunyenwe ukuba izisa abasebenzi baseAsia kwizibuko laseBasra ukuze benze umsebenzi wokulungisa nokwakha kwakhona. Ngeli xesha, abasebenzi baseIraq abaneminyaka emininzi yamava bahlala bengenzi nto.
U-Kacem Madi kunye nezinye iinkokeli ezingaphangeliyo bakhokele uqhanqalazo lokuhlala phantsi malunga nolu calucalulo, kwaye babhengeze ukuba bazakuqhuba noqhanqalazo lwabo de bafumane imisebenzi okanye uhlobo oluthile lwentlawulo yentswelangqesho. Kodwa abasemagunyeni, endaweni yokuzama ukulungisa le ngxaki, bababamba. Imibutho yabasebenzi bamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka iManyano yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeManyano yoRhwebo eSimahla (apho i-AFL-CIO ililungu layo) bayigxeka kabukhali imeko yonxunguphalo yabasebenzi baseIraq. "Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi, kubandakanywa nenkululeko yombutho, kufuneka kube yinto ephambili ekwakheni i-Iraq yentando yesininzi kunye nokuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezoqoqosho kunye nentlalontle," kusho i-ICFTU kwingxelo eyenziwe ngoMeyi 30. "Intando yesininzi kufuneka ibe neengcambu. Ifuna unyulo olukhululekileyo, kodwa kwanemibutho yabasebenzi esekelwe kwisininzi, elawulwa yidemokhrasi enceda ekukhuseleni nasekuyikhuseleni kwakunye nokuba zizikolo zedemokhrasi.โ
Iimanyano zabasebenzi zama-Arabhu zigxeka ngakumbi ifuthe lomsebenzi kubasebenzi. Ngokutsho kukaHacene Djemam, uSosiba Jikelele woManyano Lwezizwe Ngezizwe Lwemibutho Yabasebenzi Bama-Arabhu, โimfazwe yenza ushishino lwabucala lube lula: okokuqala utshabalalisa uluntu uze emva koko uvumele amaqumrhu ukuba awakhe kwakhona.โ Ugxininise ukuba abasebenzi base-Iraq kufuneka bakwazi ukwenza imibutho yabasebenzi abazikhethele yona.
Ngelishwa, iinkampani ezinikwe izivumelwano zokusebenza e-Iraq ngabaphathi bakaBush zinerekhodi ezinde zokulwa iimanyano kunye nokunyhasha amalungelo abasebenzi. NgoMeyi, u-Amy Newell, umququzeleli kazwelonke we-US Labor Against War, kunye nowayengunobhala wesigqeba seMonterey / Santa Cruz Central Labor Council, waya eGeneva ukuze abonise ingxelo kwimibutho yabasebenzi bamazwe ngamazwe, egxininisa irekhodi ye-18 yaloo mibutho.
I-USLAW yinethiwekhi yeemanyano kunye neminye imibutho yabasebenzi echasene nomgaqo-nkqubo wase-US e-Iraq. Umbutho uhlawulisa ukuba urhulumente wase-US uhlawulela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomkhosi otyumkileyo kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zentlalo yasekhaya. Ikhule iphuma kwimiboniso emininzi phambi kohlaselo lwe-20 kaMatshi, ngelo xesha iimanyano ezimele phantse isinye kwisithathu sabo bonke abasebenzi abalungelelanisiweyo e-US zazirekhodiwe ngokuchasene nemfazwe. Ngelo xesha ne-AFL-CIO ngokwayo yayichasa esidlangalaleni umgaqo-nkqubo we-Iraq wolawulo lukaBush.
Iinkampani eziphawulwe kwingxelo eyenziwe eGeneva ziquka:
โ Iinkonzo zeStevedoring zaseMelika. I-SSA yayiyinkokeli kwiinzame zonyaka ophelileyo zabahambi ngenqanawa kuNxweme lwePasifiki ukuvalela ngaphandle abasebenzi baselunxwemeni olusentshona, kwaye yasebenza nolawulo lukaBush ukugrogrisa iManyano yeHlabathi yeLongshore kunye neWarehouse Union ngokwaphula isivumelwano sayo esingaselunxwemeni nokuzisa imikhosi edokisini. Isithethi se-ILWU uSteve Stallone ubize i-SSA "ngokuchasene nomanyano kunye ne-ILWU."
-MCI Worldcom. I-Worldcom inerekhodi elide lenzame zabasebenzi ezichasayo zokuququzelela. Yabhengeza ukubhanga ngo-2002 emva kokubanga i-11 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngobuqhetseba kwimivuzo. Ngenxa yoko, imali eyongiweyo yomhlala-phantsi yamawakawaka abasebenzi yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, kunye ne-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi karhulumente. Ikhontrakthi yase-Iraq yanikezelwa emva kokuba inkampani ihlawuliswe i-$ 500 yezigidi ze-Securities and Exchange Commission ngenxa yobuqhetseba bayo obungekho mthethweni.
โ Iinkampani ezisibhozo kwezilishumi elinesibhozo ezineekhontrakthi ezinkulu aziyomanyano ngokupheleleyo. Phantse zonke zineerekhodi zokulwa nayiphi na imizamo yombutho wombutho.
Ingxelo ye-USLAW iphinda ixoxe ngerekhodi loxanduva loluntu lwamaqumrhu abandakanyekayo. Ifumene imbali ende yorhwaphilizo kunye nokunyotywa (iHalliburton Corp., esahlawula i-1 yezigidi zeedola ngonyaka kumlawuli owayesakuba ngumongameli uDick Cheney), eququzelela imikhosi yamajoni (iDyncorp/Computer Sciences Corp.), kunye neminyaka yokusebenzisana noorhulumente bengcinezelo. , ukusuka kulawulo lukaHussein ngokwalo (iHalliburton kwakhona, kunye neSan Francisco's Bechtel Corp.) ukuya kulawulo lwangaphambili localucalulo eMzantsi Afrika (Fluor Corp.)
โNgaphambi kokucinezelwa kwayo ngurhulumente kaHussein, i-Iraq yayikonwabele intshukumo eyomeleleyo nemele abasebenzi ngokubanzi,โ iqukumbela ingxelo. [Urhulumente wangaphambi kuka-Hussein wabhukuqwa kubhukuqo-mbuso lwemfazwe yowe-1956 eyayiququzelelwa yi-Arhente yoBuntlola ePhakathi โ ed] โIlifa lakhe libonelela ngomandlalo wokumisela kwakhona umbutho wabasebenzi ozimeleyo onamalungelo abasebenzi awamkelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe okuququzelela, ukuxoxisana nokuqhankqalaza. Nangona kunjalo, amagunya ahleliyo ameme iinkampani zabucala zase-Iraq ezinerekhodi elisekiweyo lokunyhashwa kwabasebenzi, kokusingqongileyo kunye namalungelo oluntu. La maqumrhu akhethwe lulawulo lukaBush, oluthathwa ngabaninzi njengolona luchasene nomsebenzi, ulawulo olunobutshaba kwimbali yangoku yaseU.S. Oku akuhambisani kakuhle nentlonipho yamalungelo abasebenzi eIraq.
Ukuba ukubanjwa kukaMadi kunye nabasebenzi abangasebenziyo kwinyanga ephelileyo eBaghdad kukho nasiphi na isibonakaliso, loo nkxalabo ifanelekile.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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